During the reign of the Qing Dynasty, in various provinces, there were basically zhenshou generals, such as generals in Hangzhou, Xi'an, Guangzhou, and so on. This reminds the author of the ten thousand household system used by the Jin Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty. Seriously speaking, the Ten Thousand Households of the Yuan Dynasty are very similar to the Zhenshou generals of the Qing Dynasty, but there are many differences. Today, the author talks to you about ten thousand households. During the reign of the Jin Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty, Wanhu belonged to military officers and administrative officials, and the actual power was very large. Of course, it is completely different from the traditional Wanhuhou.
First of all, we need to talk about the Ten Thousand Households in china's Qin and Han Dynasties. During the Qin and Han dynasties, the Marquis of Wanhu belonged to a kind of title, and it was a very high reward. In ancient history, a different surname could not be crowned king, and at most could be crowned as a marquis. However, the marquis is also divided into three, six, and nine grades, of which the highest rank is the marquis of ten thousand households. Wanhu Hou had his own fiefdom, and more than 10,000 households in the fiefdom had to pay taxes to the imperial court, but directly to Wanhu Hou. In addition, the Marquis of Wanhu had the power to dispatch the people in the fiefdom to attack labor, and belonged to a semi-independent world subject to the imperial court. The status of the Marquis of Wanhu was very high, so the imperial court was very strict in sealing the Marquis of Wanhu, and it was easy not to be canonized.
In the history of the Han Dynasty, Wei Qing and Huo Fuyi made great military achievements, and they were all crowned as marquises of wanhu before and after. In the history of the Tang Dynasty, due to the strong atmosphere of Shangwu, there appeared "Why don't boys take Wu hooks and collect Guanshan Fifty Prefectures." Please go to ling yan pavilion for the time being, if a scholar is a ten thousand households? " statement. A generation of great people in our country also left behind the verses of "pointing out the country and the mountains, stirring up the words, and the dung soil was the marquis of ten thousand households". It can be seen that in the hearts of many people, the ten thousand households are a very high honor.
However, after entering the Sui and Tang dynasties, the Marquis of Wanhu was revoked, and the title began to be linked to the fiefdom, and the title of the main place name appeared. The official position of Wanhu is completely different from the concept of Wanhuhou in the Qin and Han dynasties. Wanhu is part of the Jinguo Meng'an Mouke system. The Jin Dynasty belonged to the regime established by the nomadic peoples of the Northeast and had a relatively small population. In the course of fighting the Liao, the Jin Dynasty gradually formed a system of military and political integration. Jinguo adopted a model of all soldiers, and all young men and middle-aged men had to participate in the war. One ten thousand households are responsible for commanding 7,000 to 10,000 soldiers, which is equivalent to a senior military general.
At the same time, every warrior has a family, and all the administrative affairs of these thousands of families are also taken care of by tens of thousands of households. Wanhu belonged to the high-ranking officials of the military and government, and in general, the possibility of wanhu being killed was very small. In the historical documents of the Jin Dynasty, it is recorded: "Meng'an, from Sipin, was in charge of repairing military affairs, training martial arts, and practicing homework and nongsang, and Yu Tong defended." "There are thousands of households, hundreds of households, and so on, similar to middle-level officials and low-level officials. Seriously speaking, the designation of the military and government integration of the Jin Dynasty is very similar to the Eight Flags system of the Qing Dynasty.
Wan Hu, as a senior official of the Jin Dynasty, actually did not personally go to war under normal circumstances. However, in the war between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, there were repeated battles in which tens of thousands of households were slaughtered, which shows that the Yue family army of the Southern Song Dynasty fought fiercely. In the famous Battle of Xiaoshang bridge, the Southern Song Dynasty general Yang Zaixing beheaded the Jin Dynasty's Ten Thousand Households. Subsequently, in the Great Battle of Chencheng, Yue Fei's son Yue Yun killed 1 person from 10,000 households and 5 people from 1,000 households in one fell swoop, and killed Xia Jinwu, the son-in-law of Yan Zongbi, the commander of the Jin Dynasty. In the 13th century, the Mongol Empire began to rise, and after a series of wars, the Mongol Empire launched a full-scale attack on the Jin Dynasty.
In 1234, with the cooperation of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Mongols finally destroyed the Jin Dynasty. However, due to its own lack of experience in governing the localities, the Mongol Empire inherited many of the systems of the Jin Dynasty, including official positions such as ten thousand households and thousand households, and like the Jin Dynasty, it also adopted the model of military and government integration. The Yuan Dynasty was more formalized in terms of official rank, and wanhu belonged to the official position of Zhengsanpin. Responsible for the management of six or seven thousand troops, and a large number of accompanying family members, stationed throughout the country. From this point of view, no matter how you look at it, it looks like a town guard general of the Qing Dynasty.
The 10,000 households of the Yuan Dynasty were divided into tens of thousands, middle tens of thousands and tens of thousands, and the tens of thousands of households that managed a population of six or seven thousand belonged to tens of thousands of households, and managed four or five thousand households, which belonged to the middle tens of thousands. The management of two or three thousand households belongs to the next tens of thousands. By the time of ming rule, the Ming dynasty had largely inherited a series of policies of the Yuan dynasty. In the early days of the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, there were also official positions such as tens of thousands of households, thousands of households, and hundreds of households. The Ten Thousand Households of the Ming Dynasty belonged to the Zhengsi Pin Officials, but the official position of Ten Thousand Households had no practical significance in the Ming Dynasty.
As a result, the ten thousand households were eventually revoked, but the thousand households and the hundred households remained. For example, the Ming Dynasty's Thousand Household Lords belonged to the military attaché of Zhengwupin and were responsible for managing more than 1,000 officers and soldiers. For example, the famous Jinyi Wei of the Ming Dynasty followed this model, from top to bottom: command envoy, command tongzhi, command you, zhenfu envoy, thousand households, deputy thousand households, hundred households, general banner, small banner and so on. After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, this system was completely abolished. But the Qing Dynasty adopted another system, that is, the Eight Flags system. The Eight Flags system, like the Meng'an Mouke system of the Jin Dynasty, is also a system of military and government integration. The eight banners all have their own flag owners, and the flag masters and princes of that year have great power and have certain restrictions on the emperor.
After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, in the face of the Central Plains with hundreds of millions of people, the Qing Dynasty obviously felt a lot of pressure. Under such circumstances, the Qing Dynasty adopted the model of the Eight Banner Army stationed in various places for management. In almost every provincial capital, there will be thousands of eight banner troops stationed, plus tens of thousands of family members accompanying the army, living in the inner city of the provincial capital, also known as Mancheng. General Zhenshou was responsible for managing all the affairs of these armies and their families, and these Zhenshou generals were divided into General Hangzhou, General Guangzhou, General Jiangning, General Xi'an, and so on, and belonged to the high-ranking officials of Congyipin, whose status was above that of the governor and the governor.
From this point of view, the status and role of the Zhenshou generals were obviously greater than those of the Jin Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty. According to the regulations of the Qing Dynasty, the status of the zhenshou general was above that of the governor and the inspector, but the actual power was inferior to that of the governor and the inspector. For example, when the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom swept through the Jiangnan region, Zeng Guofan used the provinces of the Viceroy of Liangjiang to control all the affairs of the four southeastern provinces. At that time, General Hangzhou and General Jiang Ning had no way to restrain it at all. All in all, the Jin Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty had great power, but the Status of the Qing Dynasty Zhenshou General was higher.