Introduction: In 739 (twenty-seven years after the beginning of the new century), Anxidu Guard Gaijia united troops to ride Shi Moheda, broken leaves, entered the Qiluosi, captured the Tuhu Fire Immortal Khan, and finally put down the rebellion of the six-year-long Tuqi Shi Sulu. Since then, the Two Divisions of the Tuqi Shi Huang and Hei have fought against each other, their forces have declined, and they have completely lost their role as the "protector" of the Central Asian countries west of the Onion Ridge, and the buffer forces that straddle the Tang Dynasty and the Great Eclipse have disappeared, and the resistance and conflict on the borders of the two empires have become inevitable. However, the Stone Kingdom, which sent troops to assist in the rebellion of the Turks and expressed his wish to "send troops to beg for food, and the countries naturally settled", was coincidentally involved in the center of the whirlpool of conflict and became a fuse for detonating the powder keg.
Tang warrior image
Located on the border between present-day Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, near the Taraz (formerly known as Jambul) in Kazakhstan, the city is named near the Taras River, which is a bustling commercial market and military town in the western region.
According to volume 1 of the Records of the Western Regions, "'In the eight or nine miles of the city, merchants of various countries lived in a mixed way'".
The "Biography of the Western Turks" records that "" (Dumozhi) led the black surname Khan you wei special service to protect the city of Lusi, and jointly attacked Dagan'", "Shule Town Guard Envoy Fu Meng Lingsheng Coercion Sharp Soldiers, and the King of The Khanna covered the city of Lusi, and beheaded the Black Surname Khan and his brother Phos.
After quelling the Rebellion of Tuqi Shi Sulu in 739, although Tang had reinstated the original Sulu system black surname Ofildemi Shi Lu Pijia as the Ten Khans of the Western Turks, the original Western Turk Ten Surnames, including the city of Qiluosi, were still under the close control of the Tang army in its heyday.
The city of Yorous: Taraz (formerly known as Jambul) near Kazakhstan
(Shiguo belongs to one of the nine surnamed states of Zhaowu in Central Asia, and the same Sogdian blood country also includes Cao, He, Mi, Kang, Shi, An, Pengdi and Huoxun)
On the other hand, Gao Xianzhi, hearing this news, was a little worried, so he led his army to meet the attack. After going deep into Hudi, he met the armies of the Great Food and other countries in the place of Qiluosi, and they fought. Xian Zhi was afraid, led 20,000 troops, went deep into Hudi, and fought against the Great Food. According to the Records of the Western Regions and the Records of the Classics, the journey from Anxi in Gaoxianzhi to Liluosi was at least 1,400 to 500 miles, and more than 2,380 miles. Along the way there are moraines, rivers, mountains, and seas. The mountains are like the Bada Ridge, with an altitude of 4224 meters; the sea is like a snow sea, and only the sea has a thin road to pass. The Tang army in the Battle of Qiluosi was led by The Capital Gao Xianzhi from Anxi and went from this road to Qiluosi, which can be said to be the depth of the hanging army. And the "General Commentary" only says "'Penetrate more than seven hundred miles'" I am afraid that there are errors in the text, and I am afraid that seven hundred years ago I am afraid that I will get rid of "one thousand" and "two selfs.". As for the Tang army's troops, there are roughly four theories: "'Thirty thousand people of the Han army' (Tongjian); ''Sixty thousand people of the Han army'' ('Tongjian Kaoyi'); ''Twenty thousand soldiers'' (the old and new "Biography of Li Siye") and "'In The Sichuan of Qiluo, seventy thousand people are gone'". (Tongdian) Examination of the Old Book of Tang, volume 38, Geographical Records: "'The Anxi Capital Protectorate, in the Guizi Guocheng City, managed 24,000 soldiers. Although gao Xianzhi could not recruit as many soldiers as he commanded, considering that all countries in the western region had the obligation to send troops to assist, the number of troops sent by the Tang army should not be in the minority. Du You, the author of the Tongdian, was a person who witnessed the war and the father of Du Huan, the author of the Jingxing, so although the number of people recorded in the Tongdian is the largest among the four theories, I am afraid that it is more reliable. The Tang allies mentioned in the literature are the Bashana in the lower reaches of the South Syr Darya River in The Bulaos and the northeastern part of the city of Crass in the Shanye River. In terms of the Great Food, in addition to the official army led by its commander ApoSillin, it should also include Kang, An, Cao, Mi, and He Zhaowu jiu surnamed Hu. These small countries in the western region are all countries of the same bloodline as the Stone Kingdom, and at the same time, they are also countries that have been governed by the Great Eclipse, and they are close to the land, so it is easy to join this battle group. At the beginning of the war, the Tang army had the advantage with elite infantry, and after five days of fighting, first Ge Luolu's troops betrayed, causing Gao Xianzhi to suffer a fatal military wound. Moreover, the Khan's unit ran first, the Khan's unit ran first, and the vicuña blocked the road, not only disturbing the hearts of the army, but also not easy to retreat. In this form, Li Siye advised Gao Xianzhi to say: "It is better to guard the White Stone Ridge and plan to run away early." ''For xianzhi precursors,' 'Fight hard, (pull khan's part) people and horses are killed''. Gao Xianzhi led thousands of Tang troops to seize the road and escape, and the entire army that was originally under command of the war, even those who betrayed and fled, died, and more than 60,000 people were damaged by Li Luosi. Ibn Al-Asir described the outcome of the campaign in the Annals of History: "The Muslims eventually defeated them, wiping out nearly 50,000 men, capturing about 20,000 men, and fleeing the remnants back to China. This was naturally a serious loss for the four towns of Anxi, but Gao Xianzhi and others were still able to lead the remnants of the living troops to "return to Anxi", which also made the original plan of The Great Eclipse to sneak into the four towns stranded as a result of this vicious battle.
Arab warrior image
The Battle of Yarrows was large in scale and heavy in casualties. Regarding the impact of the Battle of Qiluosi on the dissipation of Tang and Dashi's power in the Western Regions, researchers have always talked about it. The French sinologist Sha Qi said in his "Historical Materials of the Western Turks": "From the defeat of the Liluosi River, the Chinese state became extinct in the West. Yao Shiao's "Examination of the Importation of Chinese Papermaking Techniques into Europe" also stated: "In fact, this war was not only the transmission of paper from Central Asia to Asia Minor, but also the key to the hegemony of the Tang Dynasty and the Great Eclipse in Central Asia. ''Are these judgments realistic?'' Perhaps we can get a glimpse of what happened after the Battle of Gao Xianzhi, the commander of the Tang Army. In this battle, although Gao Xianzhi fought a major defeat, but the imperial court did not punish him, Gao Xianzhi successively entered the capital as the Grand General of right Kingo, the Duke of Miyun County, and was also appointed deputy marshal to defend against the rebels of An Lushan during the Anshi Rebellion. Even his military base (the four towns of Anxi) was not shaken, and his Tang army still had a considerable number. In the third year after this defeat, that is, in the twelfth year of Tianbao (753), Feng Changqing discussed the Great Law, which shows that Tang's power in the West still exists, and it is by no means as Sha Shi said, "The Chinese state has disappeared in the West". Despite the defeat at the Battle of Qiluo, the Tang Dynasty still maintained considerable power in the Western Regions, and its influence in the Western Regions was not shaken—in 752 after the Battle of Qiluo, the Kings of Eastern Cao, Shi Aku, the Deputy Wang Ye Xie of An Guo, and the Nine Kings of Sogdia Zhaowu sent envoys to attack the Abbasid Dynasty with one heart; even the Groluyu tribe, which had counterattacked the Tang army in the Battle of Qiluosi, cooperated with the Tang army to arrest the Tongluo chieftain Abssi, who had come to seek refuge, and handed over to the Tang general Cheng Qianli together with his wife and thousands of subordinates. Tang and Dashi also retained a relationship under the tributary trading system, even in the sixth year after the War of Theraus, that is, in the second year of Germany. In the first month of the year, at the invitation of Tang, Dashi sent troops to follow the soldiers of Bahanna and Anxi into the Chinese border to help Tang Ping'an in the Lushan Rebellion. Without significant changes in territory, the Sogdians retained their Zoroastrian faith, just as the Uighurs were devout to Manichaeism and Chinese Buddhism, and Muslims only roamed the Western Regions and Hexi as merchants and envoys. In the end, the Battle of Qiluosi did not have a significant impact on Tang and Dajie in terms of political relations, territorial territory, and even religious beliefs.
An engraved copy of Du Huan's "Records of The Classics"
So, what is the significance of the Battle of Levos? The Great Cannibals and their captives unearthed a variety of technical talents, including paper craftsmen. So after samarkand set up a paper mill using Chinese papermaking, the rough and unwieldy paper was replaced by a smooth and soft new variety. The Great Food contained in the Book of The Classics is "Aya Silk Machine," a gold and silver smith, a painter. Han Smith Qi painters, Jing Zhaoren Fan Shu and Liu Zhu. Weavers, Hedong people Le Que Yan, Lü Li ''.' It is also unknown whether these paintings or weaving Han Chinese were exiled to eat because of this battle. In any case, this kind of exchange has promoted the cross-civilizational spread of technology. Du Huan, the author of the Book of Classics, was also captured in this war. He traveled all over the world until the early years of Baoying (762) when he returned from the South China Sea. The Book of Sutras not only tells Chinese about the terroirs of the Great Food, but also has a fairly correct understanding of islamic teachings.
In a way, it was the Battle of TheLorus that gave Don and Dashi a chance to get acquainted with each other. Promoting the spread and exchange of civilizations across regions may be the significance of the Battle of Les.
【Reference】
(1) Bai Shouyi, "From the Battle of Qiluo to the Earliest Chinese Records of Islam", originally published in Yugong, Vol. 5, No. 11, 1936; revised in 1942; later included in the Manuscript of chinese Islamic History, Ningxia People's Publishing House, 1982
(2) Yu Taishan, General History of the Western Regions, Zhongzhou Ancient Books Publishing House, June 1996, 1st edition