now
day
big
summer
Ancient Book "Interpretation of the Seventy-Two Waiting Collections of the Moon Order"
Explains:
"Hot, hot too. In terms of heat, it is divided into sizes, small at the beginning of the month and large in the middle of the month." "Summer" means hot, and hot means extreme heat, which means entering the hottest period of the year.
Extremely hot and rainy, hot and humid
is the main weather characteristic,
"Sauna days" are also the norm in the Gangnam area.
Perennially, during the summer festival, the subtropical high pressure will control most of the south of China, Jiangnan, Jianghan, the eastern part of the southwest region, Huanghuai and other places have frequent high temperatures, long periods of high temperature and little rain, and are prone to drought; while the northern region is at this time when it is rainy, North China, Northeast China and other places are in the main flood season of "seven down and eight up", often heavy rainfall is frequent.
For Shanghai, the arrival of the "summer" festival heralds the official opening of the high-temperature barbecue mode. The average annual temperature in Shanghai is 29.3 °C, and the average precipitation is 92.7 mm (represented by Xujiahui Station, calculated from July 22 to August 6). Compared with the previous solar term "small summer", the temperature and precipitation have increased. This also reflects the climatic characteristics of Shanghai's "rain and heat in the same season".
Late July and early August, where the "summer" festival takes place, are usually the hottest and hottest period of the year in Shanghai. In the summer festival, there will be an average of 5 high temperature days above 35 ° C, and what is more, the "hot summer" festival in 2003 and 1926 is a high temperature day every day, and the high temperature day in the summer festival in 2013 is as many as 15 days. In addition to the increase in the number of high temperature days, the high temperature intensity has also increased. The "Great Summer" solar terms had an extreme maximum temperature of 40.6 °C on July 26 and August 6, 2013, respectively.
As the saying goes: "Big summer and small summer, steaming and cooking", then, small summer, big summer, who is hotter?
From a nationwide perspective, the summer and small summer are often "not big and not small". In some years, "the summer is not hot, the summer is three days", and some years are "the heat is very hot, and the summer is cool and leisurely". However, from the perspective of meteorological big data, the overall summer heat is still more superior, especially some cities in the Yangtze River Basin have won "crushing" victories, for example, the annual average temperature of the Shanghai summer festival is 29.5 °C, which is nearly 1 °C higher than the annual average temperature of the small summer festival (28.6 °C), and the number of high temperature days is 3.1 days, which is also more than the small summer festival.
In hot weather, people's desire for rain is even more urgent. In the Jiangnan area, there are sayings such as "small summer rain is like silver, and heavy summer rain is like gold", "there is a lot of rain in the volt, and there are many meters in hoarding", "the rain is abundant, the grain is abundant and the cotton is abundant", "the rain is not subject to drought, and one acre increases one carton", which refers to this hot season, the rain is like gold. In addition, there are customs such as sending "summer boats", drinking "summer sheep", fighting crickets, and drinking fu tea.
Three summers
A curd grass is a firefly
In the heat, fireflies eggs emerge.
The second weather is moist and hot
At this time the weather began to be muggy and the land was humid.
Travel when it rains heavily
In the summer, due to the accumulation of moisture, there is often heavy rain, and there are often heavy thunderstorms.
Prevent heat stroke during extreme heat
Like the summer heat, the summer that arrives today is also a season that reflects the degree of summer heat. How to maintain health in such hot and dry weather?
Fan Daili, deputy chief physician of the Department of Geriatrics of Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, first reminded everyone: be careful of heat stroke!
"If you have symptoms such as obvious fatigue, dizziness, palpitations, chest tightness, inattention, heavy sweating, numbness in the limbs, thirst, nausea, etc., it is mostly a precursor to heat stroke. Once the above symptoms occur, you should immediately go to a ventilated place to rest, drink more light salt boiled water or mung bean soup, watermelon juice, sour plum soup and so on. ”
So how can heat stroke be prevented? Dr. Fan's advice is: arrange work reasonably, pay attention to the combination of work and leisure; avoid exposure to the sun under the hot sun; pay attention to indoor cooling; sleep well; pay attention to dietary hygiene.
Hydration is exquisite
SUMMER
Fan Daili said that the traditional health care method of cooling off is very much advocated for drinking boiled water. It should be reminded that in order to quench the thirst of some people drink too much water at one time, they do not know that this will increase the burden on the heart, make the blood concentration drop rapidly, and even appear panic, shortness of breath, sweating and other phenomena. Therefore, in the hot season, if you are very thirsty, you should drink a small amount of water first, stop for a while and then drink.
In addition, the weather during the summer season is often hot and humid, and the human body feels hot, but even if you sweat heavily, you can't relieve the heat, and it is easy to get heat stroke. Therefore, the summer health should first avoid the "sauna day", the sweltering weather as little as possible to go out, less activity, even if you go out can not be exposed to the open environment for a long time, you can walk in the morning and evening when the temperature is slightly lower and other activities of little intensity.
Patients with a history of chronic diseases in the three-volt day, especially middle-aged and elderly people, are far more likely to have heart and cerebrovascular accidents than young people, so middle-aged and elderly people should avoid sports with excessive physical consumption in the high temperature of summer, such as fast running, equipment sports, etc.
Fan Daili introduced that in the summer festival, the typical "summer porridge" can choose mung bean lily porridge, watermelon cuiyi porridge, barley bean porridge, these ingredients have the effect of replenishing the heat, strengthening the spleen and stomach, and can help everyone spend the summer.
Mung bean soup is the "standard" of Shanghainese summer. In the past, housewives would cook a pot of turquoise mung bean soup in the afternoon, naturally let it cool, and enjoy it at night when the wind was cool. In the view of Shanghai writer Ma Shanglong, the mung bean soup of Shanghai people generally has three "levels".
■ One is the simplest mung bean boiled water into a soup, or add sugar or rock sugar.
■ The second is lily mung bean soup.
■ The third is to put a pinch of cooked sticky rice in the lily mung bean soup, sweet, sticky, cool and refreshing.
Nowadays, there are very few home-made "agar jade liquid" cold products. Ma Shanglong introduced, in the past agar in the Chinese medicine store and the south goods store have been sold, after drying like vermicelli, one by one, after buying home in the water soaked in softening, put in sugar water to cook, fished out of the drainage water, not long time will condense into a solid, and then change the knife into small pieces, or add sour plum juice, or put in the cooled mung bean soup, eat it has a unique flavor. Unfortunately, many Shanghai xiaoyuan have not tasted such a summer food now.
Nautilus Studios
Author | Ma Dan Gao Yang Wang Wei
Photo | Oriental IC Sun Zhongqin
Edit | Amy