Let's start with place names and calmly talk about the issue of Xinjiang's indigenous people.
Place names are one of the oldest memories that humans have ever remembered on the earth, and to understand it is tantamount to awakening history. The Tarim Basin in southern Xinjiang, because of the barrier of the mountains and the sparse rainfall, has formed a desert before human history, and humans entering this area can only survive on the oasis in the desert. These oases maintained a strong degree of independence while communicating with each other and transmitting information, and formed countless city-states and small states in the history of the region, forming a relatively independent national state. Over time, the state of this nation evolved into a place name, recording the first peoples who lived on those oases. The so-called geography determines history is this truth, and the reason why there were 36, or even more small countries, in the western region of the Han Dynasty is also here.
Finally, in the southern part of the Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, at the northern foot of the Kunlun Mountains and the Arjin Mountains, and on the southeastern edge of the Tarim Basin. In 1914, there was only the end of the county, but at least in the Han Dynasty, there was the end of the county, for the end of the country, set up a county named after the ancient country. At that time, the last people lived undoubtedly the last people, or in our current words, the last people.
Shache, located in the northern foothills of the Kunlun Mountains, south of the Pamir Plateau, in the middle and upper reaches of the Yarkand Alluvial Fan Plain between the Taklamakan Desert and the Buguri Desert. It was also the same thing, Shache County got its name from the Hansa Che country, where the earliest living was undoubtedly the Shache people, or in our current words, the Shache people.
History has given people this answer about the ethnic origins of the Zhimu and Shache people: the Hexi Corridor, the Huangshui River Basin, and the Northern Grasslands. In other words, they came from today's Gansu, Qinghai and Mongolian plateaus, and they all belonged to the "Rong" ethnic group. In 623 BC, Qin Mugong sent troops to attack the Rong King, occupying many nomadic tribes, which eventually led to the migration of these defeated tribes to the north and west. The area where Rong lived at that time was clearly more extensive than the Hexi Corridor, the Huangshui River Basin and the northern grasslands, for example, belonging to Dali County, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province, which was an area where the Rong people lived at that time, and people called the Rong people living there Da Li Rong.
Dali County has a long history, and a good fossil of ancient human skull was found in the gravel layer of the third terrace of Luohe near the Northwest Liberation Village, the geological era is the late Middle Pleistocene, about 180,000-230,000 years ago, and was named "Dali Man Site". Since the establishment of Linjin County in the sixteenth year of Qin Ligong (461 BC), the names of the counties have been Linjin, Huaide, Huayin, Nanwuquan, Wuxiang, Chaoyi, Fengyi, Hebin, Hexi, Linfeng, Tongzhou, Dali, and Civilian Counties. The name of Dali County, which began in the last year of Emperor Wu of the Western Jin Dynasty, was named because it was located in the state of Dali Rong, and later changed many times. Named after the country of Da Li Rong, Da Li has become a witness to the life of Rong.
There is also Yiqu Rong. A branch of the nomadic people in ancient times, King Wen of Zhou established the state in the last year. Soon after the founding of the Country, Yiqu immediately sent troops and annexed other Xirong tribes such as Penglu and Yuzhi, expanded its territory, and successively built 25 cities and sent troops to garrison them. When King Qin Zhao was king, the kingdom was destroyed. The capital of the ancient State of Yiqu was in the southwest of present-day Qingyang, Gansu, that is, Ning County, Gansu. Although the place names of Yiqu Rong have not been preserved, they occupied the Dayuan area of Longdong (Qingcheng, Ning County, Zhenyuan, etc.), and here they mixed with the descendants of the local Zhou people, learned farming techniques, learned the Culture of the Zhou People, and followed the example of the Zhou people to build castles and villages, thus developing into a Yiqu tribe that was different from other Qiangrong, which cannot be denied.
In the "Mozi Festival Burial", it is said: "There is a righteous canal country in the west of Qin, and his relatives die, and they gather firewood and burn it, and smoke it to be called Dengxiao." "Ascending" means ascending to the distant edge of the sky, that is, the ascension of the soul to heaven. This is the earliest record of cremation in China, and it is also one of the customs of the Yiqu people. The Yiqu people are strong and brave, and they "take the death of battle as auspicious, and the end of illness as ominous." Therefore, the battle is very heroic, and it is better to die than to die, which is also one of the important reasons why the Yiqu Country can continue for hundreds of years.
In the yiqu country, the whole people are soldiers, and in the event of war, young and strong men will go to the battlefield, resulting in more women and fewer men. The Yiqu stipulates that after the twelfth generation of the same clan, they can intermarry with each other, and after the death of the elder brother, the younger brother can marry the sister-in-law. After Yiqu settled in the Longdong Plateau, he began to engage in farming and gradually developed into a semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral ethnic group. They directly participated in the political and military competition between the Central Plains and the Lianheng, especially after more than 400 years of repeated military contests with qiang qin, becoming the main opponent of the Qin state at that time to dominate Xirong.
Because the Spring and Autumn Period had a distinction between Huaxia and Rong, Di, Barbarian and Yi, Rong was the collective name of the Central Plains people for the Western tribes in the Western Zhou Period. Xi Rong, also known as Inuyasha. Generally speaking, they are believed to be a non-Chinese tribe in the northwest region in ancient times with dogs as a totem.
The "Customs and Customs" says, "The warrior, the fierce." The Shuowen says, Rong, Bing. The chronicles of the Xiongnu and the Qin Benji record that the ancestor of the Zhou people, The Liu tribe, was in Zhou, and three hundred years later, the father of the ancient duke moved south to Zhouyuan due to the attack of Xi Rong. King Xuan of Zhou asked Qin Feizi to lead people to The Western Dog Hill (southeastern Gansu) to raise horses, and later the Rong people moved east and the war continued, experts say that during the Western Zhou Dynasty, the middle reaches of the Yellow River were in drought for hundreds of years and the Westerners came to fight for water and grassland. The ancient book "Bamboo Book Chronicle" says: "In the thirty-fifth year of Wu Yi, king Ji of Zhou fell to the west and captured the twelve kings of Zhai. The Book of Poetry often contains epic poems of the Zhou Dynasty's war with Xi Rong, such as "Hehe Nanzhong, Bofa Xi Rong".
Here, people see that there are wars between two hostile tribes, but in these wars, who can guarantee that the Zhou and Qin people will not fuse the blood of the Rong people, and the so-called non-Chinese tribes are only for the Chinese tribal region, etiquette, etc., but a cultural concept. The Shache people and the last tribe in Xinjiang also came from this period, and the last tribe was allowed to be surnamed Zhirong, and in addition to the Shache, they were accompanied by the Bactrian, the Great Moon, the Xiongnu, the Loulan and other ethnic groups.
The Rong of the Yun surname is a branch of the Rong. Originally living in Guazhou (in the area from Baoji to Longxian north of present-day Qinling, Shaanxi), he later moved to Weiwei. Some people think that it is Lu Hun Zhi Rong. Or a branch that moved west from Guazhou to Central Asia is a part of the Cypriots. Interestingly, they were included in the Rong sequence, but in the Du prescript after the fourteenth year of xianggong in the Zuo Chuan, they became such a source: "After the four Yue, they are all surnamed Jiang, and they are not allowed to be surnamed." "Siyue was a descendant of Emperor Yan of jiang, and Emperor Gaoxin and Emperor Yao were chiefs of large tribes, both of whom were of the Huaxia ethnic group. It is also said that a branch of the Yun surname lives in Ruoshui and is named Ruo. In the Classic of Mountains and Seas, it is said: "Within the South China Sea, between the black waters, there is a wood named Ruomu, and if the water comes out." It is recorded in the "History of the Five Emperors" that the second son of the Yellow Emperor "Changyi, descended to Ruoshui." In the "Suo Yin", it is also said: "The rivers and waters are in Shu, that is, the country that is sealed." "Ruoshui is also known as black water, which is today's Minjiang River in Sichuan. Another is said to be in present-day Shandong.
One moment it is the Huaxia ethnic group, the next it is the non-Huaxia ethnic group, and the Yun surname Zhirong is integrated into the ancient Xinjiang ethnic group in this artificial division. At that time, the native ethnic group in Xinjiang should be the Cypriots. But what is also interesting is that regarding the origin of the Cypriots, the Eastern historical books and the Western historical records do not record the same, the ancient Greek historian Herodotus believes that they are a people of Scythia (Scythian), but china's "Book of Han" says: "Northwest of Shule, the genus of Hugh Xun and donating poisons is also therefore Cypriot." Later, the Cypriot seeds were used as "release seeds" in China's ancient Buddhist scriptures, and they may come from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Pamir Plateau between Xinjiang and Tibet in China, or they are part of the Western Queen Mother tribe in China's ancient myths and legends.
Shule, also known as shule state, Brahma Kha^sa, Tibetan Shu-lig, Shu-lik, is an ancient state in the Western Regions, one of the famous Thirty-Six Kingdoms of the Western Regions. It is equivalent to Kashgar in present-day Xinjiang. Located at the intersection of the southern and northern roads of the western region, Gulai is the main import and export of east-west traffic. In such a geographical environment, the integration of nationalities has become inevitable. On the one hand, there was the joining of the Shache, The Last, Bactrian, Bactrian, Bactrian, Huns, Loulan and other peoples from the east; on the other hand, there was also the fusion of the West, that is, the fusion with what Herodotus called the Saka (Sakya) people, and the Saka (Sakya) people in the vast area of the Hindu Kush Mountains from the Black Sea to the border between Afghanistan and Pakistan.
At the same time, it should also be noted that during this period, the ethnic groups in present-day Xinjiang and Tibet in China merged - in Xinjiang, there are many place names with Qiang, such as Aqiang, Ruoqiang and so on. Let's take the ancient Wei and Qiang kingdoms in the Western Regions as an example. The territory of the Qiang Kingdom is relatively wide. The original site is located in Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang. According to the Book of Han and the Biography of the Western Regions, the State of Wuqiang "bordered the westernmost state with The End of The Prefecture (present-day Zhimu County, Xinjiang) and the northwest to shanshan (present-day Shanshan County, Xinjiang)". The Chronicle of the Thirteen Prefectures says: "The Wuqiang kingdom was led to Nanshan (present-day Kunlun Mountain, Xinjiang), and onion Ridge (present-day Pamir Plateau in Xinjiang) in the west, or Yu or Qiang, and there were many hukou. That is to say, the Qiang people were the early inhabitants of the Qiang state on the southern edge of the Tarim Basin, and Xinjiang and Tibet have had ethnic integration and exchanges since ancient times, and the Kunlun Mountains in present-day Xinjiang have not been an insurmountable natural graben since then.
In this way, the earliest indigenous residents of Xinjiang can basically be said to be Cypriots, Qiang, and Rong, who have blended with the Saka (Sakya) people and have merged with ethnic groups such as the Yunzhi Rong. Today's ethnic groups in Xinjiang, including Uyghurs and Kazakhs, are formed through long-term migration and ethnic integration in the context and big family of the Chinese nation.
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