To tell you the truth, this question is actually quite difficult to answer, from Zhu Di's point of view, in the face of such an uninteresting and antagonistic minister, it is natural to kill him; from Fang Xiaoru's point of view, there is no problem in being loyal to the king and loving the country, and he should not be killed. So is it right or wrong that Fang Xiaoru was killed? Listen to JAL Jun's breakdown below.
1. The Death of Fang Xiaoru and the Curse of the Ten Tribes
Let's start with the death of Fang Xiaoru, about the death of Fang Xiaoru and the incident of the Ten Tribes, I checked that there are actually three completely different theories. This is very interesting, let's take a look at them:
The first is recorded in the History of the Ming Dynasty, which says:
Gu Left and Right gave the pen, saying: "Commanding the world, it is not possible to grass without Mr." Filial piety threw his pen on the ground, and cried and scolded: "Death is dead ears, and the edict must not be grass." "Chengzu is angry, and the city is killed."
That is to say, after Zhu Di usurped the throne, he wanted Fang Xiaoru to draft the edict of the throne, but Fang Xiaoru was unwilling, and while crying, he scolded Zhu Di and said that if he died, he would die, but the edict must not be written. Zhu Di was very angry, so he chopped Fang Xiaoru into a meat paste. According to the "History of Ming", Fang Xiaoru's death was very heroic, basically belonging to that kind of martyrdom and death, and did not involve his family after death. And it is worth scrutinizing that in the "History of Ming", there is also a clear record of the death of Fang Xiaoru's family:
"Filial piety has brothers and filial piety, mechanics are committed, and filial piety dies first." The younger brother and the filial piety died together, and also gave a chapter of the poem and died. His wife Zheng and his second sons, Zhongxian and Zhongyu, died first, and the second daughter died in Qinhuaihe. ”
That is to say, Fang Xiaoru's elder brother died first, his younger brother died with Fang Xiaoru, his wife and two sons committed suicide, and his daughter defected to the Qinhuai River. During the time of Akihito, even the descendants of the Fang family were pardoned. It can be seen that Zhu Di did not kill the Ten Tribes, and although Fang Xiaoru's family died with Fang Xiaoru, it could not be attributed to Zhu Di's Ten Tribes.
However, there is a point worth scrutinizing in it is that the "Biography of Fang Xiaoru" does not say that Zhu Di killed Fang Xiaoru's family, but in the "Biography of Qi Tai" and "The Biography of Huang Zicheng", we can see the record of Zhu Di killing their relatives. Therefore, I speculate that Zhu Di was killed by the other filial piety family, but the intensity was not as great as that of the so-called Ten Clans.
Therefore, in summary, in the "History of Ming", Fang Xiaoru was killed by Zhu Di, and although the clan was killed, he was not condemned to the Ten Tribes.
The second is recorded in the Ming Shilu, although it is not as magnificent as it is recorded in the Ming History, but it is also worth scrutinizing:
"The traitors Qi Tai, Huang Zicheng, Fang Xiaoru, etc. went to Quexia. Counting his sins, Xian Fu Gu was killed in the city. ”
That is to say, in the "Ming Shilu", there is no such impassioned scene as Qi Tai, Huang Zicheng, Fang Xiaoru and other people's scolding, but instead it is like our current court scene, putting a group of criminal suspects above the courtroom, and then counting their crimes, and finally sentencing them accordingly.
Compared with the impassioned scenes in the "History of Ming", it seems that this kind of scene is much more ordinary. However, the view in the academic circles has always been that the historical value of the Ming Shilu is higher than that of the Ming Shilu, so the records in it are also worthy of our attention.
In the second theory, Fang Xiaoru's death was relatively uneventful, and he was not condemned to the Ten Tribes.
The third record comes from the history of the wild, for example, Zhu Zhishan's "Wild Record", and when you hear this name, you seem to feel that this history book is not very reliable. In the history of the wilderness, we are recorded with such a vivid story:
Zhu Di asked Fang Xiaoru to write an edict, but Fang Xiaoru refused, and scolded Zhu Di, Zhu Di was furious and threatened to kill Fang Xiaoru's nine tribes, and Fang Xiaoru then scolded Zhu Di, saying that what if you killed me ten tribes! Then Zhu Di really wanted to kill Fang Xiaoru's Ten Clans, and there was also the appearance of Yao Guangxiao, and Yao Guangxiao came out and said that he could not kill Fang Xiaoru, he was the seed of the world's readers, and it was not okay to kill him. Because there was no Tenth Clan, he counted all his students and teachers.
I have to say that although this wild history legend is quite interesting and vivid, it is unfounded. But because of its legendary color, this legend eventually became the most legendary and most eye-catching one.
Second, how did the saying of the Ten Tribes circulate?
Let's see that there is a record in the History of the Ming Dynasty:
"With the death of filial piety, hundreds of clan relatives and friends sat before and after. Among its corporals were martyrs, Lu Yuanqian, Zheng Gongzhi, Lin Jiayou, all Ninghai people. ”
That is to say, after Fang Xiaoru's death, there were hundreds of people around him who died because of this, and there were many protégés under his disciples who were martyred for Fang Xiaoru. In this account, there are two points, on the one hand, Fang Xiaoru's relatives were killed, and on the other hand, Fang Xiaoru's protégés martyred him.
The martyrdom of protégés is a voluntary matter, but we know that when this information is disseminated, there is often a situation that after a long period of dissemination, it will distort its original appearance and become unrecognizable. Therefore, it may be that in the spread of later generations, the martyred protégés gradually evolved into the ten tribes that were killed, and then there was such a distorted statement, that is, Fang Xiaoru was exterminated by Zhu Di.
Third, should Fang Xiaoru be killed?
I think from the perspective of Zhu Di and even from the perspective of the entire royal family, the entire feudal dynasty should be killed, why? Let's first look at Zhu Di's perspective, there is such a record in the "History of Ming":
"Sir, don't suffer from yourself, and give the desire to become a king of the Zhou Gongfu."
This is what Zhu Di said, and Zhu Di said that I did not come to usurp power, but to emulate the Duke of Zhou and assist him in becoming a king. What happened to the Duke of Zhou's assistance to become king? Here's what happened: King Wu died two years after the destruction of Shang, and King Cheng was young and still in his infancy. The Duke of Zhou was afraid that the people of the world would betray the imperial court when they heard that King Wu had died, so he ascended the throne to handle government affairs on behalf of King Cheng and presided over the power of the state.
Therefore, Zhu Di compared himself to the Duke of Zhou to show that I actually did not want to usurp power, I was only blinded by the traitors because Zhu Yunjiao was too young, so I came to assist the royal family in eradicating the traitors.
We all know that this is just rhetoric. People who know each other will just play a haha and forget it. But Fang Xiaoru is different, Fang Xiaoru has to face Zhu Di head-on, and a strong scolding of Zhu Di is an anti-thief. In fact, Zhu Di was a very face-saving person, so he always used the excuses of Zhou Gongfu and Jing Nan's side ministers to cover himself up for his rebellion. When you have to uncover Zhu Di's coat, you are not far from death.
From the perspective of the feudal dynasty, Fang Xiaoru must also die.
In fact, if we look at Chinese history, we can find that in the five generations, the ministers could still change the lord at will. For example, feng Dao, a "tumbler" who has experienced many generations of lords and dukes without falling, people at the time think that his knowledge of the current affairs is Junjie, which is very correct.
But in the Song Dynasty, the scholars began to pay attention to integrity, and Feng Dao was scolded for being worthless. Since then, the concept of integrity has continued to expand and ferment, and many roles of foolish loyalty to the emperor and the dynasty have emerged, such as Yue Fei, Wen Tianxiang and others. And what the emperor needs is precisely this kind of foolish and willing to martyr for the feudal dynasty. So these people are also hyped up.
Therefore, as the seed of the literary world, Fang Xiaoru will die. Because Zhu Di also needed a integrity representative, a integrity representative for the death of Emperor Jianwen. Emperor Jianwen had his own die-hard loyalists, and I Zhu Di naturally had my own die-hard loyalists. Therefore, driven by this purpose, Fang Xiaoru will die and publicize his death as strong as possible.
Therefore, driven by this purpose, Fang Xiaoru became a model and sacrifice of loyalty and patriotism.
Text: JAL Tongjian Map: From the Network and The Site, Invasion and Deletion