The crane, also known as the red-crowned crane, is a large bird bird that lives in swampy or shallow water areas, is a symbol of longevity and elegance, and is a very popular auspicious bird in people's hearts, often appearing in Chinese paintings and praised by artists.
The crane is the head of the feather clan, and its status among the auspicious birds is second only to that of the phoenix. The phoenix is the symbol of the empress, and the crane has the meaning of the official residence, so the official clothes of the civil officials in the Ming and Qing dynasties adopt the crane pattern.
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crane
1. Physical characteristics
Wader, about 120 cm tall. The neck is long, the beak is pointed and long, and the feet are straight and slender, which is called three long. The top of the head has a bright red flesh crown, so it is called a red-crowned crane.
The plumage is white throughout the body, but the secondary and tertiary feathers on the wings are black, and most of the cheeks and neck are dark brown, the beak is grayish green, and the feet are grayish black. In the freehand painting method, the colors are not subdivided, except for the danding, the rest are expressed in different shades of ink.
2. Crane head level
Draw the beak first: long and pointed, pay attention to the mouth midline is longer than the upper and lower lines, otherwise the mouth will not open, pay attention to the perspective change, look from behind, the length of the beak is shortened.
Add nostrils: its nasal grooves are one longer
Draw the eyes: Positioned above the back of the corner of the mouth
Paint the forehead and cheeks: Draw the dark part of the neck and use light ink to paint the complete image of the back of the head and neck
Paint the crown of flesh: Paint the red crown of flesh at the top of the head in vermilion. If the mouth is open, the red tongue should be filled.
3. Crane neck changes
The neck of the red-crowned crane is extremely flexible, can be rotated almost 360 degrees, the black and white feathers on the neck are staggered, and the corresponding changes are produced according to the change of the head and neck orientation, and its black and white distribution is regular.
4. Details of crane wings
The red-crowned crane is a migratory bird and is good at flying, so its wings are long and pointed, and the feathers on the wings are many types and the arrangement is also complex, and Chinese paintings do not have to be distinguished, only need to know the flying feathers and covert feathers.
The feathers that grow at the front of the wingbone and the edge of the wing are long and stiff; the cover feathers covered above the flying feathers are called covered, the feathers are shorter and softer, and the second and third flight feathers are black.
5. Tsurugi misunderstood
The tail of the crane is short, rounded, and the tail feathers are folded and overlapped when standing still, and open into a fan shape when flying to help balance the body.
When a red-crowned crane stands, due to the convergence of its wings, the black feathers of the second-class flight feathers and the third-level flight feathers on the wings cover the tail, and the white tail feathers are mostly covered, so people often mistakenly believe that the tail of the red-crowned crane is black.
6. Crane feet are slender
Slender legs and feet are also one of the characteristics of the red-crowned crane. The length of the legs is roughly equal to the length of the tarsus, the knee joint is relatively large, the toes behind the feet are small, and the position is higher than the front three toes. The red-crowned crane foot is a semi-webbed foot, gray-black.
The red-crowned crane's foot is variable but regular, and it lands on both feet when standing, and often lifts one foot when resting. When chasing and dancing, sometimes both feet are off the ground at the same time, and when flying, both feet are extended backwards, basically in a straight line with the head and neck extended forward.
7. Chick color
The surface of the chick is covered with yellow-brown down feathers, the middle of the back is darker, and the color of the thorax and abdomen is lighter. Five or six hours after birth, he can stagger, move and forage for food, and can wade and swim in reed ponds, but when he grows up, he loses the ability to swim.
8. The little crane is gray-brown
Young cranes grow rapidly, approaching the size of adult cranes in about a year, but there are yellow-brown spots on the feathers, the top of the head is covered with short gray-brown hairs, and there is no obvious red flesh crown, and then they are expelled from the nest by their parents and live independently. A year later, the crane began to appear red flesh crown, but the color was not as bright red as the crane.
9. Flight attitude
When the red-crowned crane soars, chases and runs, and courtship dances, it opens its wings to balance its body. The wings are symmetrical when they are agitated up and down, that is, the wings are raised or fanned down at the same time, but when the feathers are sorted, the expansion and contraction of the wings changes greatly, which is another matter.
10. Stand and scatter
Rest and idle posture, posture is more relaxed, to draw a leisurely and relaxed look. When standing, pay attention to the grasp of the center of gravity, generally landing on both feet, occasionally shrinking one foot, and one foot independently.
11. The whistle is loud
The crane's trachea is thick and long, and it repeatedly hovers in the chest cavity, which is full of resonance, so the sound is loud. A crane leads the neck to sing, the cranes sing in succession, the voice is high-pitched, far away for miles, can be described as the sound of the sky.
12. Walk slowly
Red-crowned cranes often roam the edges of the swamp, walking slowly and calmly. To draw the posture of the crane slowly, that is, to make the crane move, its essentials the two sleeves of the breeze is the grasp of the center of gravity, when painting, let its body lean forward slightly, that is, make its center of gravity move forward, there will be a feeling of movement.
In addition to the forward shift of the center of gravity, special attention should be paid to the alternation of the feet. One foot lifts itself, volleys, and steps forward to the ground, and the other foot cooperates accordingly, alternating forward one after the other, and when one foot lands on the ground, it is when the other foot begins to lift.
13. True feelings for dance
The red-crowned crane is loyal in love, and after choosing a couple, it becomes a lifelong partner, never sharing, even if one dies, the other is lonely for life, and it will not talk about marriage again.
When the red-crowned crane courtship, the male crane takes the initiative to show its wings, twists and retracts its graceful and flexible neck, and sings and dances to show love to the female crane. If the female crane is intentional, she will sing and dance with the male crane and bathe in love. When painting, we should pay attention to the different movements of the double crane, and pay more attention to the expectations and echoes between the two sides.
Dancing with Ming is not a clever word, but an expression of true feelings.
14. The chasing crane
Red-crowned cranes often chase each other, one is the frolicking between relatives and friends. The second is the struggle caused by courtship, food, nest guarding or egg protection, and when fierce, it can even cause disability and death.
The chase is more moving than the slow step, the stride span is larger, the body is more forward-leaning, and even loses the center of gravity, so it has to flap its wings to balance the body.
15. Take off and flap your wings
The take-off of the red-crowned crane must have a relatively long period of "auxiliary running", lean forward, stride forward, while vigorously flapping its wings, and wait until it has a certain lift before it can leave the ground and fly.
The main point of several dynamics at the beginning of take-off is that the wings are fanned symmetrically, the head and neck are forward, and the feet are drooping.
16. Flying migratory birds
Red-crowned cranes are migratory birds, migrating south in winter, flying from Heilongjiang through Hebei provinces to Jiangsu, Anhui and other provinces for wintering, and when the spring flowers bloom, they have to fly back to their northern hometowns, halfway far away, so red-crowned cranes are good at flying.
When a red-crowned crane flies, it generally extends its head and neck forward and its feet backwards to reduce air resistance. Also pay attention to the agitation of the wings, which are up or down at the same time, and will not flutter randomly with one wing facing up and one wing facing down.
Painting a group of cranes racing, in order to picture, dynamic changes, or to show the echo between groups, you can let the head of individual cranes look left and right, although it is rare in reality.
17. Landing on the ground to help run
The red-crowned crane lands on the ground, and its movement is exactly the opposite of the action it did when it took off. Before landing on the ground, the feet are extended forward, the body is thrown back, the wings are flapped in reverse to get cushioned, and after landing, it is necessary to run forward a few steps to stop safely.
18. Foraging hygiene
Red-crowned cranes pay special attention to dietary hygiene, and the food in the mouth should be cleaned in the water before eating, and will never eat unclean things such as rotten fish and shrimp.
Red-crowned cranes are more heterogeneous, often feeding on small fish and shrimp, and also eating some plant shoots, young stems, and predatory insects, and sometimes pecking seeds in the farmland.
19. Search for foot leisurely
Red-crowned cranes generally live on the banks of reed ponds and grassy beaches, and often forage for food on mud, and their feet are inevitably stained with mud and other filthy things. Red-crowned cranes like to be clean, and after foraging, they often clean their feet with a long mouth, and peck away unclean things, looking leisurely, and have a feeling of "enough wine and food".
20. Relax
After eating or bathing out of the water, the red-crowned crane will comb the feathers with its beak for a long time, and because the neck is long and very flexible, it can reach all parts of the body and comb the hairy feathers of the body to be white and shiny. When sorting out the feathers, it is the red-crowned crane that is in the most relaxed state, quiet and elegant, and the most picturesque.
21. Sleep standing
When the red-crowned crane rests or sleeps, it either squats or stands, and immediately lands on both feet or stands on one foot. When falling asleep, the long beak is usually inserted into the dorsal feather, or the long neck is contracted and the head and neck are placed on the chest, mainly to maintain the balance of the body. When you sleep, close your eyes, and draw a short horizontal line in the orbit when you paint.
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