Once upon a time, there was an empress who was poisoned by the empress dowager in the harem of the Qing Dynasty, as evidenced by a poem: "Ruyi is more because of little pity, the ant cup is poisoned when the feast, Wen Chenggui's pet hurts Panshui, and Tianyu praises filial piety." "The empress who was poisoned in the poem is the third empress of Daoguang, Empress Xiaoquancheng, and the empress dowager who poisoned Xiaoquan is Empress Gongci, that is, Empress Xiaoherui.
As everyone knows, this pot actually made Empress Xiaoherui carry it for nearly two hundred years, and the historical Empress Xiao Quancheng was not poisoned by the empress dowager, but died of illness in the harem. However, the death of Xiao Quan is still a bit strange, it seems to be the grief brought about by the chaos and abandonment, who let her love Daoguang too deeply...
1. A famous woman in the house of military generals
Empress Xiao Quancheng of the NiuhuLu clan, formerly the Manchurian Zhenghong Banner, was later carried to Manchuria with a yellow flag, born on February 28, 13th year of Jiaqing, 26 years younger than Daoguang, and his father was a first-class Cheng'en Marquis of the third rank.
In the year of Xiao Quan's birth, several major events occurred in the Qing Palace:
First of all, Xiao Quan's future husband Daoguang (whose identity was Prince Mianning at the time) died of his wife, that is, Daoguang's original match for Empress Xiaomucheng died.
Secondly, Xiao quan's future husband Daoguang (Mianning) had his first child, the official woman Nala clan around Mianning, who gave birth to the eldest son Yiwei.
In the end, Xiao Quan's future husband Dao Guang married another wife, and this woman was Empress Xiao Shencheng, Xiao Quan's immediate superior after he entered the palace.
Then, let's talk about the family lineage of Empress Xiao Quancheng.
Some readers may see that Empress Xiaoquan's surname is Niu Hulu, and they will think of the filial piety, filial piety, filial piety, and filial piety we talked about before, including the empresses of xiaozhen that we will talk about later, because these five empresses are all from manchuria's top famous door with yellow flag.
But it has to be said that this filial piety is very special, she is the only Empress of the Niuhulu clan in the Qing Dynasty who was not born with a yellow flag (Note: later raised to a yellow flag). That is to say, Xiao Quan is not from the big family of Hongyi Gongfu, but she is also related to Hongyi Gongfu, after all, the same surname Niu Hulu clan, there is still some relationship.
It is said that the ancestors of the Niuhulu clan of the Qing Dynasty were named Suo and Jibayan, and from then on, a large group of descendants was formed. Hongyi Gong'e also belongs to the seventh generation, and the concubines of the Qing Dynasty NiuHulu clan we are talking about are basically descendants of Eyidu.
Xiao Quan's ancestors are traced back to the third generation, that is, the fourth generation of The Ancestors of Er Yidu, and the later years of Qianlong's favored subjects and Yan are traced back to the fourth generation, that is, the generation of E's great-grandfather. Therefore, whether it is those concubines of the Niuhulu clan, or Hezhen, or Xiaoquan, they are all of the same clan, but the relationship is far and near.
According to the family tree of the Niuhulu clan, Empress Xiaomucheng (the original match of Daoguang) is the twelfth generation, Empress Xiaoherui, Chang Bao (Cheng Guifei's great-grandfather), Cheng De (Xiao Quan's great-grandfather) is the fourteenth generation, and Xiao Quan and Cheng Guifei are the seventeenth generation.
This is more interesting: according to the genealogy of the Niuhulu clan, Empress Xiaomucheng was the cousin of Empress Xiaoherui, Empress Xiaoherui was the great-grandmother of Empress Xiaoquan, and Xiaoquan and Cheng Guifei were sisters of the same clan.
According to the Ai Xinjueluo family, Empress Xiaoherui was the mother-in-law of Empress Xiaomucheng and Empress Xiaoquancheng, and Xiaoquan and Cheng Guifei were also the concubines of Daoguang.
The Qing Dynasty was like this, and the in-laws between the various families were really chaotic.
We have said that the highest of the Niuhulu clan in the Qing Dynasty is the Hongyi Gongfu, and since Xiaoquan is not from the Hongyi Gongfu, that is to say, her family lineage is very general, at least until Empress Xiaoquan's great-grandfather Chengde, she has been in a state of no name.
It was not until the generation of Xiaoquan's great-grandfather Chengde that their family began to be promoted.
Cheng De is a soldier from the Forward of the Jianrui Battalion, who has been fighting outside for many years, killing enemies everywhere, relying on his own efforts to create a world, and finally obtaining the glory of the Graphic Purple Light Pavilion.
Chengde's second son, Mukdenbu, was also from the military and made many military achievements, and later died on the battlefield during the quelling of the Chuandi rebellion, winning the family a second-class baronship. This Mukdenb was empress xiaoquan's grandfather.
Empress Xiaoquan's father was named Yiling, who inherited the title of her father Mukdenbu, and from then on, the Xiaoquan family began to transform into a family of officials and eunuchs. One of her sisters (Xiao Quan's aunt) married Sun Shanzheng, the Prince of Yutong, and hanged herself because of a verbal altercation between the couple.
YiLing had a son named Enxu, the brother of Empress Xiaoquan, who inherited the title of second-class baron after the death of his father Yiling in the nineteenth year of Jiaqing, and was promoted to the rank of first-class bodyguard by Daoguang, but he committed a crime in Daoguang for eight years and was disliked by the Daoguang Emperor.
2. The Empress of the Qing Dynasty, who is pregnant with dragon fetuses
In the second year of Daoguang, the Eight Flags Draft was held for the first time since Daoguang succeeded to the throne, and four showgirls were selected into the harem, namely Quan Concubine, Mu Guiren, Xiang Guiren and Precious Person. This concubine is what we call Empress Xiaoquan.
Generally speaking, the eight flags show girl entered the palace for the first time, and there are few direct concubines, and Filial Piety can be crowned a concubine, indicating that she was favored by Daoguang as soon as she entered the palace. Moreover, judging from the title of "Quan", this 13-year-old girl looks, morals, and deeds, and is a rare beauty.
Let's take a look at Xiao Quan's harem resume in the early years of Daoguang:
In November of the second year of Daoguang, Xiao Quan entered the palace, gave him the title of concubine, and lived in the ZhongPu Palace.
In February of the third year of Daoguang, Xiao Quan, who had been in the palace for only three months, was enthroned as a full concubine, and in November of the same year, a canonization ceremony was held. In this year, Xiao Quan was pregnant with a dragon fetus and gave birth for unknown reasons:
"Shu Wei Lan Mao Sect." The Emblem of the Nine Emperors of the Ring of The Ring. Pepper Temple Xiangqin. Dedicate the six houses of cocooning. Yun Zenghui in Zhai Fu. Yi Ben favored Luan Zhang. Zhi'erQuan Concubine Niu HuLu Clan, Pure Quality Mi Zhao. Aromatic dreaming. Honing. Early Mao Fu Lingyi. Towel Yue Rong. Hojo's edict. I hereby honor the Empress Dowager's edict. Jin Feng'er was a full concubine. The Book of Shin. Erqi Ferns. Yi Yan Tong Shi Zhi Zhen. Mao Zhi long. The transformation of the Kazan Purple Garden. Thanks. ”
In the early summer of the fourth year of Daoguang, Xiao Quan became pregnant for the second time, and was immediately promoted to the title of Quan Guifei, and Xiao Quan, who was only 15 years old, had already sat in the second chair of the Harem of the Qing Dynasty:
"Shu Yan Tai Yuan." Shi Xi Pu Six Palaces of Favor. Yi Zhangkun Shun. The Emblem of the Nine Emperors of Xuanqinliu. Yi Ben Yi Zhang. Style Zhao Lingdian. Princess Dowager Nyūrō of the Ryū clan. Solemn reputation. Be careful. Jia Zuo works at Yao Basket. Pepper coating praise. Lotus sublimation in the skeleton jane. Xuan Wei is grateful. Hereby honor the will of the Empress Dowager. Jin Feng'er was a full noble concubine. The Book of Shin. Erqifu is blessed. Long feng chen xuan and extended. Respectfully. Ke Xiang is tucked in a vertical shape. Thanks. ”
On February 20, 5th year of Daoguang, Xiao quan gave birth to his first child, the third daughter of the emperor, although it was only a daughter, but the Daoguang Emperor was also very happy.
On the sixth day of the first month of April in the sixth year of Daoguang, Xiaoquan gave birth to the fourth daughter of the emperor, the future Princess Shou'an Gulun. Princess Shou'an Gulun was the only concubine of the Daoguang Dynasty who did not die prematurely, and was also the favorite daughter of the Daoguang Emperor.
On the ninth day of the first month of June in the eleventh year of Daoguang, Xiao Quan gave birth for the third time and gave birth to the fourth son of the Emperor, Yi Xuan. It is worth mentioning that since the first three sons of Daoguang were no longer alive at that time, Yi Xi became the actual eldest son of the Daoguang Emperor.
On April 29, 13, Daoguang, Empress Xiaoshencheng unfortunately died of illness, and then Daoguang ordered Xiaoquan to be promoted to the position of Imperial Concubine of the Sixth Palace, and in October of the fourteenth year of Daoguang, the 27-year-old Xiaoquan was officially made empress.
"On the orders of the Empress Dowager." Quan Guifei Niu Cobalt Lu Clan and Jin Jin were crowned imperial concubines. Everything is dressed in color. Take it according to the rules of the Great Qing Dynasty. And the affairs of the sixth house. The post-canonization ceremony will be held in October next year. Each hai yamen yu period investigation examples are played. ”
"The smell is in place. The foundation of the kingship. Qi Qi's home first. With the beginning of humanity. But be safe and sound. Table Van Lan Min. Srou obeys the heavens. Sublimation Zhi inspection. Style. Nie Zhan Yi Zhang. Emperor Zhi'er's noble concubine Niu Hulu and Xun Zhongxiang. The name Zong Yu Zhi. Ritual law. The Rules of the History of Kefutu. Su Bing is gentle. The degree of the Honing. Serve kindness and look at the heart. Yu Wanqin. Establish a religion and be benevolent. Frugality. Specially awarded Phoenix. Zi Shu De condensed. Lift up the Hongyi. Illustrate the emblem and the pole. Hereby look up to the will of the Empress Dowager. With the Golden Book of Kimberlier as empress. The filial piety of Erqizo Xuanting. Love and respect. The sound of the tree pepper hall resting. Solemnization of the cloth. Enzhou Danye. Jiaotui Xianfu was assisted in the palace. Jiye Yellow Jacket. Pushe Mother's Instrument is in the world. Yong Sui Duo Fu. Qi Hongxi. Thanks. ”
Through Xiao Quan's harem resume in the early days of Daoguang, it can be seen that in just ten years, she was pregnant with a dragon fetus four times and rose from the concubine to the rear position, which was very rare even in the entire history of the Qing Dynasty. Even the Qianlong harem, which has always been amorous, could not see such a favored woman, and it was estimated that only Concubine Dong of the Shunzhi Dynasty could match it.
3. Death is a mystery
It is often said that when something is held in the palm of a treasure, it is not far from being abandoned. Facts have proved that this sentence is very reasonable, just as the so-called moon gain is a loss, and things will be reversed, which is vividly reflected in the body of filial piety.
According to the Qing Palace medical record, since the three years of small birth in Daoguang, Xiao Quan gradually suffered from diseases such as cold and wet betting and menstrual belts, and after three births, her body was worse. What makes Xiaoquan even more sad is that in the fifteenth year of Daoguang, the third daughter of the emperor she gave birth to died tragically, and Daoguang was also very sad, and posthumously honored her as Princess Duanshun Gulun.
In August of the nineteenth year of Daoguang, Empress Xiaoquan fell ill, and the Daoguang Emperor quickly took Empress Gongci to visit. Under normal circumstances, the emperor took the empress dowager to personally visit a certain concubine, indicating that the condition of the concubine was already very serious, to put it bluntly, it was not far from death.
However, perhaps because of the suspension of his illness, Xiao Quan spent a disaster, and in October of this year, on the 64th birthday of Empress Gongci, Xiao Quan went to the Empress Dowager to ask for peace. However, in the first month of the twentieth year of Daoguang, Xiao Quan's condition suddenly worsened, and Dao Guang took Empress Gongci to visit again, and at one o'clock in the morning of the eleventh day of the first month, Xiao Quan died of illness in the palace of the Yuanmingyuan, only 33 years old.
There are various theories about The Death of Xiao Quan, the most popular of which is that she was killed (poisoned) by Empress Gongci (Empress Xiaoherui).
There are also many reasons for death or poisoning:
The first is that Xiao Quan wanted to seek an official for his father, but was accidentally known by the empress dowager, who rebuked him, and Xiao Quan committed suicide in shame.
The second is to say that Injing Guifei's son Yi? Deeply favored by Daoguang, in order to let his son succeed to the throne, Xiaoquan set up a poisonous fish feast and wanted to murder Crown Prince Yi?, this matter was known to the empress dowager, and the empress dowager was furious, so she let Daoguang kill Xiaoquan.
The third theory is that when Xiao Quan was born, he wanted to give birth to the "eldest son" in advance, so he used an oxytocin, which was later known to the empress dowager, so he forced Xiao Quan to commit suicide.
In fact, these several statements are untenable:
First of all, Xiao Quan's father YiLing had already died in the nineteenth year of Jiaqing, so how could he seek an official position for his father? Moreover, murdering the crown prince is a great crime, and even if Filial Piety is the empress, she will not take the risk to do it. Finally, Yi Xuan (Xian Feng) is not a premature baby, Xiao Quan's pregnancy and childbirth are well documented, and she will never risk the death of her child to use oxytocin.
Some Qing palace archives show that Xiao Quan's death had a lot to do with herself and the Daoguang Emperor.
On June 24, 1919, the Daoguang Emperor issued an edict:
"The eunuchs who served as ministers of military aircraft, and eunuchs who were in charge of the Yuanmingyuan Yuanyuan in the inner hall of the Qianqing Palace knew about it. There are no two days. The king of the earth. There is no two masters in the family. There is no difference between them. Thereafter, no matter the size of the official or private affairs. There are those who should know the queen. Except for the affairs of the four princesses of the four brothers of the main palace. The rest are played first. The Queen encountered an incident of intercourse. It is also played. Waiting for the execution. If not. Once exposed. It was decided that the chief eunuch and the minister of internal affairs would be given a heavier punishment. Never forgive. This decree is to go to the study, the military aircraft department, the internal affairs office, the honor room, and each record a message. Respectfully follow. Always keep the law. ”
Some readers may not understand this edict very well, but the meaning is very simple: from now on, everything in the harem except for the affairs of the four brothers and four princesses (all born of filial piety) must listen to the will of Daoguang himself, and if there is disobedience, the people will be punished.
To put it bluntly, it is actually the recovery of Xiao Quan's harem power.
What exactly did Xiao Quan do to make Daoguang make such a decision?
It turned out that before, Xiao Quan had beaten the palace maid and expelled the palace girl. After the promulgation of the edict, Daoguang's anger did not dissipate, and he sent someone to the palace maid's house to check on the beating. Subsequently, the palace rules were changed, and it was ordered that all the palace women who had not yet reached the age of passage should be handed over to the Ministry of Internal Affairs for detailed inspection before speaking.
In fact, the matter of the empress dowager beating the palace maid was not uncommon in the Qing Palace. For example, the Qianlong Dynasty concubine was demoted for killing the palace maid with a staff, but later restored her position, and the concubine still beat the palace maid to death. In contrast, Xiao Quan only scolded the palace maid and sent her back, which would actually cause Dao Guang to move so much anger.
It is speculated that Xiao Quan was not as favored as he was in the early days in the later stages of taking charge of the harem, and if he had been favored, Daoguang would never have been like this. Of course, Daoguang has always been known for being mean and unkind, and he often demoted concubines, to put it bluntly, people are not very good.
This incident was a very serious blow to Xiao Quan, because shortly after this time, Xiao Quan had a serious illness, so that he was critically ill, and although he subsequently improved, he died at the beginning of the following year.
Xiao Quan's body was already very weak, and with such a toss, no one could stand it. Maybe she didn't believe that the man she had always loved would treat herself like this, and when her heart was knotted, she could no longer untie it, and after being depressed, Xiao Quan ended her life with sorrow.
However, after Xiaoquan's death, Daoguang still held a solemn funeral for her, and thirteen days before Xiaoquan's death, Daoguang would come to her Zi Palace every day to lay wine.
Historical records record that on the seventeenth day of the first month, Empress Gongci actually came to the Palace of Xiaoquan zi in person to lay wine, and this alone can also break the rumors that "Filial Piety was killed by the empress dowager".
In addition, Daoguang also made a very high evaluation of Xiao Quan's life:
"The Pi of the Emblem of the Emblem, the Xian Yang Testament; the Chongjia of the Yi Concubine, the Style of ZhaoMao." Since the beginning of entering the palace, that is, Zhaoxi has been named after Jia; since the rightful reign, Xun Kefu has been practiced. Feng Ci Min became a filial piety, and was virtuous and mellow. The emblem of the word "filial piety" is called the Yi Fan of Empress Zhen's life. ”
Under normal circumstances, the empress dowager was given a title, and the official of the ceremonial department first drew up several titles, and then the emperor chose among them. Xiao Quan's title was directly drawn up by Dao Guang himself, which shows that Dao Guang did have deep feelings for Xiao Quan, and after Xiao Quan's death, Dao Guang never made an empress again.
On the seventeenth day of the first month of the twentieth year of Daoguang, the Daoguang Emperor officially registered Xiao quan:
"Xuan Gong Tuk Hok. Shiba han yonghuan in Chiaki. Tong Guan Yang Hui. Hui asked Pi zhang in all the nations. Ji Luan's Shu Fan. Shen Xi Yi Zhang. The emblem of Jin Fenglin is called. Use up the light. Nie Xuan Ling Ling. Table regulations. Only the queen endolol. Be careful. Kindness and Grace. Dreaming of the heart. Saizhuang Shugong No.-type Xianqin Yudu. Huan Chengxuan Hall. Xiangding Province is not violated. Bit is the right pepper court. Praise and slackness. Lessons are done in the cocoon house. Frugality often comes first. Rui Yu Lin zheng. Grace and diligence at the same time. A journey of life. Don't be embarrassed. Broadcast the rest of the world. It should be hung for a long time. Love is filial piety and honor is filial piety. The origin of the real base. To be ghoul is to be ghoul. The Hope of the Six Houses. Obey the Mao Code. Yongjia name. I hereby honor Empress Xiaoquan. Yu drama. The grace of nurturing. Think deeply. The suppleness of Bi Kun Yuan. Kindness has been done at the same time. Brocade Yao weaving. Bing Dan is green and shining. Gold medallion silver button. Glory and bamboo and flowing fen. Silent remembrance. Style Zhao Yi Yu. ”
In October of the 20th year of Daoguang, the Daoguang Emperor personally escorted Empress Xiaoquan's Zi Palace to Xiling in the name of Gurudwara. On the ninth day of november, Empress Xiaoquan was buried in the Xiling Longquan YumuLing Underground Palace.
Later, after the emperors of the Three Dynasties of Xianfeng, Tongzhi, and Guangxu, Xiao Quan's final title was: Xiao Quan Ci Jing Kuan Ren Duan An Hui Cheng Min Fu Tian Du Shengcheng Empress.
Zichen said:
Empress Xiaoquan can be said to be the most favored woman in Daoguang's life, even if she looks at the entire history of the Qing Dynasty, she is a very favored empress. This woman was elected to the court at the age of thirteen, pregnant with a dragon fetus for Daoguang four times, and her son Yixuan (Xianfeng) was finally able to ascend to the throne, so it can be said that her life has been very complete.
However, the death of this great Qing favor is full of mysteries, and in the last stage of her life, she was "humiliated" (stripped of the harem power) by the person she loved most, and perhaps at the moment when she closed her eyes, her heart was still full of reluctance and regret. Perhaps this is the most real life, always revealing flaws, after all, perfect things are still encounterable and unattainable.
Finally, the reader also has to spit on Daoguang, this emperor. How to say it? I have no ability, my temper is not small, especially for the women around me, I am mean, grumpy, and I am chopping and cutting, but when I really encounter things (such as the British launching the Opium War), there is no way. Man, sometimes, the temper that should not be sent to the people closest to them, to strangers, but very polite, this is not right, have to change.
References: Draft History of the Qing Dynasty, Records of Emperor Xuanzong of the Qing Dynasty, General Genealogy of the Eight Banners of Manchurian Clans, Grand View of the History of the Qing Dynasty