This article is the first chapter of "Three Kingdoms Character Network and Kinship"
Author: Talking about the Three Kingdoms author XXY
General order
I don't know if you are like me, when you first read "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and see a certain character die, you will wonder about the situation of their descendants: "Are his descendants okay?" In fact, when I was a child, after reading novels, I always thought that I could understand the situation of the descendants of the heroes of the Three Kingdoms. In this large article, the author tries my best to dig up, to share with you the descendants of the heroes of the Three Kingdoms, but also to solve their childhood doubts for themselves. On the other hand, various families took advantage of favorable conditions to rise during the Eastern Han Dynasty, and gate valve clans appeared in various places during the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty. They gain political rights by intervening in politics or investing politically, thereby controlling resources such as population and land. During the three kingdoms and two Jin dynasties at the end of the Han Dynasty, there were frequent wars, and each family also adjusted the primary and secondary contradictions and the relationship between various groups in different periods and states. Sometimes local rulers are actively invested, and sometimes frustrated interests or dismal prospects are used to overthrow rulers in search of new dependents. In the process of interaction and development, the door valve gradually becomes a rule participant or even a rule maker due to its own rising status. In contrast, local rulers will carry out different strategies for different families at different times of society. When everything is in ruins, the monarch will generally compromise with the door valve and offer the so-called "promotion and appeasement policy". When monarchs desperately needed power or had special goals, they sometimes attacked or even purged the warriors. In terms of phenomenon, the three countries are more like a history of groups representing different interests.
Liu Bei Group
Looking at the various groups under Liu Bei, the author is narrowly divided into "northern factions", "Jingzhou factions", "Yizhou factions", "Dongzhou factions" and "pan-surrender factions". Each faction has its own way of participating in politics and sharing benefits. When regimes encounter different events, factions will make proposals to the rulers on behalf of their own group interests according to their own needs. As the ruler of the Liu clan with the banner of "Han", it is more difficult to weigh the interests of various groups, especially after Liu Shi settled in the Yizhou area, the contradictions between the group and the family were particularly intense.
Chapter 1: Whether Liu Bei is a relative of the Han Dynasty or not, is his lineage really so difficult to investigate?
Is Liu Bei a han dynasty patriarch? People's doubts about Liu Bei's life may stem from the following three points.
The first point is Sima Guang's suspected denial: Sima Guang wrote a sentence in the Zizhi Tongjian: "Although the Han of Zhaolie, although after the King of Jing in the Clouds, the clan is estranged, and cannot be counted in his lifetime."
The second point is the lack of historical data: although Chen Shou's "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" mentions Liu Bei's ancestors, grandfathers and fathers respectively. However, the kinship between Liu Zhen and Liu Xiong is not recorded, and Pei Songzhi does not annotate it.
The third point is the sense of emotional gap: liu Bei'an's so-called "emperor uncle" identity is given to Liu Bei'an due to the needs of the plot, coupled with the super influence of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", this identity is known to everyone. But when people go to the historical data and find that the "emperor uncle" is pure nonsense in the official historical record, this kind of gap will naturally produce a sense of doubt.
If you want to explore whether Liu Bei is a han dynasty patriarch from the history books, this is a very simple thing. We can easily find relevant historical materials in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
According to Chen Shou, Liu Bei's character Xuande was a native of Zhuo County, Zhuo County, and he was a descendant of Liu Sheng, the Prince of Zhongshan Jing, the son of Emperor Jing of Han. One of Liu Sheng's sons was named Liu Zhen,and Liu Zhen was given the title of Marquis of Lucheng Ting in the sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty, with a fief in Zhuo County. Later, because Liu Zhen's tribute to the "gold used for sacrifice" was not of sufficient color, he was stripped of his title. After that, this Liu Zhen also officially settled in Zhuodi, and then this branch multiplied and lived in the local area.
The first lord's surname was Liu, ZhenBei, the character Xuande, Zhuo County, Zhuo County, Zhuo County, Han Jing Emperor Zhongshan Jing Wang Sheng also. Sheng Zizhen (胜子贞), Marquis of Lucheng Pavilion in Lucheng County, fengzhuo County in the sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty. Sit on the gold lost marquis, because of the family. Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Let's briefly talk about this sin of "insufficient gold for sacrifices", which we generally call "gold stripping". This was a famous act of cutting the domain in history by Emperor Wu of Han, who learned the lessons of the Rebellion of the Seven Kings and constantly weakened the princely states. After the introduction of the Tuien Order, Emperor Wu of Han also used the excuse that the gold offered was not enough as an excuse to cut off the titles of 106 people, accounting for about half of the number of knights in the clan at that time.
According to historical data, Liu Bei's grandfather Liu Xiong and father Liu Hong were directly recorded later. Liu Xiong was once promoted to filial piety and an official to The Eastern Commandery Fan Ling. Liu Hong worked as a civil servant in the prefecture. Shortly after Liu Bei was born, Liu Hong died of illness, and Liu Bei had to rely on his mother for his life.
However, according to the "Canon Strategy", some historians believe that Liu Bei is actually a descendant of the Marquis of Linyi, so who is this Marquis of Linyi? Looking through more historical materials, this Linyi Marquis was also a descendant of the Han Jing Emperor, and there were two situations.
Dictionary: Beiben Linyi Houzhi genus also.
Situation 1 of the Classics: Emperor Jing of Han gave birth to Liu Fa the Prince of Changsha Ding, Liu Mai the Marquis of Lingling, Liu Maisheng Yulin Taishou Liu Wai, Liu Waisheng Julu Du Wei Liu Hui, Liu Huisheng Nanton Ling Liu Qin (father of Emperor Wu of Han Guangwu), Liu Qinsheng The Prince of Qiwu (纟寅) (brother of Emperor Wu of Han), Liu (纟寅) the Prince of Jing of Beihai, Liu Xing (纟寅) the Prince of Beihai Jing, and Liu Xingsheng the Marquis of Linyi. Liu Fusheng (匳) (马余) the Marquis of Linyi (马匋).
However, the Marquis of Linyi was in tongcheng Town, Dong'a County, Shandong, and the time where the Marquis of Linyi was located was very close to Liu Bei's time, and even Liu (Ma Zao) (Ma Yu) worked with the Eastern Han Dynasty scholar Ma Rong. Liu (Ma Zao) (Ma Yu) died in 126 AD, and Liu Bei was born in 161. If Liu Bei was really this branch, people at that time could not judge Liu Bei's origins, and it was somewhat impossible to say. Coupled with the so-called "ancestral origin" mismatch, the probability that Liu Bei is this branch is low.
Situation 2 of the "Classics": Emperor Jing of Hanjing gave birth to Liu Shun the King of Changshan, Liu Shunsheng zhending the king Of Liu Ping, Liu Pingsheng was born of true dinglie, Liu Yan was born of true dingxiao, Liu You, liu yong was born of true ding' peace, Liu Yong was born of the king of Liu Pu, and Liu Pusheng was the marquis of Linyi.
The Marquis of Linyi, Liu Rang, was eventually killed by Geng Chun during the reign of Emperor Guangwu of Han for his involvement in a rebellion. It can be seen that if Liu Rang has surviving descendants, his family should also be the object of the government's "key care", to say that the descendants of this family with a case can eventually become a large family in Zhuo County, not to say that it is impossible, but the probability is low.
Therefore, according to the existing historical data, Liu Bei is a descendant of Liu Zhen more likely than other situations, followed by the descendants of Liu Rang, the Marquis of Linyi, and the descendants of Liu Fu, the Marquis of Linyi.
So why is Liu Bei's lineage still controversial? This is because we have been unable to confirm the specific kinship from Liu Zhen to Liu Bei's grandfather Liu Xiong, and coupled with Liu Bei's role as an important figure in the Three Kingdoms period, everyone's attention is higher. If we want to overturn the relationship between Liu Bei and the clan recorded by Chen Shou in the history books, we must find corresponding written evidence or evidence of excavated cultural relics before we can refute it. Otherwise it is really not convincing.
Text: Talking about the author of the Three Kingdoms XXY
Learn more about the Three Kingdoms, please pay more attention to it, and talk about the Three Kingdoms.