China, which dominated ancient China, has always been ahead of the world in terms of political economy, culture, and military, and the nation must be the strongest in this land, otherwise it will soon be eliminated. There were once four ethnic groups that were forced to migrate to the West because they had lost the struggle in China. However, after migrating to the West, it quickly conquered the local peoples and became the hegemon of one side. Today, Xiaobian will introduce you to these three ethnic groups that do not want to incense outside the wall.
1. Mr. Otsuki
The Dayue clan was a nomadic people who lived in the Hexi Corridor area between Dunhuang and qilian Mountains at the end of the Warring States period, and their military strength was very strong, with more than 100,000 cavalry, and they did not pay attention to the Xiongnu for a time. In the last year of the Qin Dynasty, the Xiongnu head Man Shan Yu sent the crown prince Mao Dun to the Great Moon Clan as a hostage in order to let his younger son inherit Shan Yu's throne. After Mo Dun arrived at the Great Moon Clan, Touman Shan Yu immediately sent an army to attack the Great Moon Clan, so the King of the Great Moon Clan arrested Mo Dun and prepared to execute him, but As a result, Mo Dun stole a thousand-mile horse and fled back to the Xiongnu, so the Great Moon Clan and the Xiongnu formed a liangzi.
The original residence of the Otsuki clan
Soon after Mo Dun fled back to the Xiongnu, he used Mingdi to shoot and kill Head Man Shan Yu, executed his brother, and sat on Shan Yu's seat. After Mao Dun became Shan Yu, He showed weakness to Dong Hu and constantly met the unreasonable demands of the King of Dong Hu for a Thousand Mile Horse and a beautiful woman, completely paralyzing Dong Hu. However, when Dong Hu sent emissaries to claim land again, Mao Dun was furious, immediately killed the emissaries and his subordinates who opposed the war, and took advantage of Dong Hu's lack of preparation to lead the Xiongnu to attack and kill the king of Dong Hu, annexing the powerful Dong Hu and becoming the most powerful force in the steppe. Then Mo Dun sent his army west again to defeat the Ōtsuki clan. Later, Mo Dun's son Lao Shangdan Yu defeated the Ōtsuki clan again and made the skull of the king of the Ōtsuki clan into a lacquerware for drinking. The Ōtsuki clan was forced to migrate westward, crossing the Hexi Corridor and desert to the Yili River Valley in Xinjiang, seizing the territory of the Cypriots and settling down, while the Cypriots moved to the area south of the Hindu Kush Mountains. But not long after, Wusun became strong, sent troops to attack the Ōtsuki clan, occupied the Yili River Valley, and the Ōtsuki clan was forced to go south, crossed the Dawan to the north bank of the Amu Darya River, defeated and submitted to Bactria living here, and settled here.
Map of the territory of the Great Moon Clan
Two hundred years later, the Guishuang clan of the five clans of the Great Moon clan became stronger, defeated the other four marquises, unified the Ōtsuki clan, and established itself as the king in 45 AD, establishing the Guishuang Empire. After the establishment of the Kushan Empire, it immediately carried out a series of expansions, from Patna in the east to West Dakhrat, to the Nabada River in the south, to the Aral Sea in the north, becoming a powerful empire with an area of more than three million square kilometers, ruling a large area of Central and South Asia, and once competing with the Eastern Han Dynasty for the western region. At the beginning of the fifth century, the Kushan Empire declined and was finally destroyed by The Jurchens.
Map of the territory of the Kushan Empire
2. The Huns
After unifying the entire northern steppe, Mao Dun had more than 400,000 cavalry, occupied a vast area from the Daxing'an Mountains in the east, the Altai Mountains in the west, Lake Baikal in the north, the Great Wall in the south, and more than 10,000 miles in the east and west, becoming a strong enemy of the Central Plains Dynasty and constantly harassing the borders of the Han Dynasty. In 200 BC, Liu Bang led a large army of 320,000 north to fight against the Xiongnu, and was surrounded by 400,000 cavalry in Baideng for seven days and seven nights, known in history as the Siege of Baideng. In the end, at the suggestion of Chen Ping, Liu Bang bribed Mao Dun's favorite concubine with a lot of money to escape. After the siege of Baideng, Liu Bang saw the great strength of the Xiongnu and adopted Lou Jing's policy of peace and pro-family, selecting the daughter of the clan to marry Mo Dun Shan Yu, and giving the Xiongnu a large amount of money and cloth every year, in exchange for the Xiongnu no longer going south to invade the borders of the Han Dynasty.
Map of the Territory of the Xiongnu in the Early Western Han Dynasty
This policy lasted for more than seventy years, allowing the Han Dynasty to get full recuperation, and by the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty had become more powerful than ever and began a military counterattack against the Xiongnu. Under the continuous military attacks of the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu suffered more than 100,000 casualties, coupled with natural disasters and civil unrest, the Xiongnu eventually divided into two parts, the Southern Xiongnu and the Xiongnu, under the leadership of Huhan Yedanyu, submitted to the Han Dynasty, and the Xiongnu were eventually destroyed by the Western Han. In the last years of the Western Han Dynasty, the Southern Xiongnu took advantage of the chaos in the Central Plains to become strong again, reoccupyed the northern grasslands, and supported some northern regimes such as Lu Fang. After the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu repeatedly encountered natural disasters, and once again split into Nandan Yu and Beidan Yu, NanDan Yu chose to attach to the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Beidan Yu continued to be enemies of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Map of the territory of the Xiongnu after Emperor Wu of han fought against the Xiongnu
Under the continuous blows of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu Beidan was defeated and gradually withdrew from the Mongolian steppe. In 91 AD, the Eastern Han general Geng Kui defeated Northern Danyu in the Altai Mountains and fled west to the Ili River Valley. In 126 AD, the Western Regions capital Ban Yong again defeated the Xiongnu Northern Danyu, forcing him to continue to migrate westward to the vicinity of the Si'er River in Central Asia, mostly to the west bank of the Caspian Sea and the Don River. In 290 AD, the Xiongnu attacked the Alan state east of the Don River, killed the king of the Alan State, and conquered the Don River Valley. This is the Kingdom of the Huns as recorded in the West. After the Xiongnu occupied the Don River Valley, they continued to attack the Ostrogoths west of the Don River, and the Ostrogoths were forced to move west to the Visigothic region. The Huns followed the Ostrogoths to the Visigothic region and defeated the Visigoths.
Map of the Hun Empire during attila
The Visigoths fled in large numbers to the territory of the Roman Empire. In 400 AD, the Huns continued westward, conquering the Danube Valley and establishing the Hun Empire centered on the Hungarian plains. During attila' time, the Hun Empire reached the height of its strength, conquering the Germans and Slavs one after another, and the Anglo-Saxons of the Germans were forced to flee to the British Isles, and later submitted to the Eastern Roman Empire, which attacked the Huns with two thousand one hundred pounds of gold every year. At this point, the territory of the Hun Empire stretched from the Caspian Sea in the east, the North Sea in the north, the Rhine River in the west, and the Alps in the south, becoming the most powerful empire in Europe. Attila set his sights on the Western Roman Empire, and for a time occupied Rome, the capital of the Western Roman Empire, which was forced to make peace with Attila. However, in the process of attacking the Western Roman Empire, the Hun Empire also suffered huge losses, and the Hun Empire declined after Attila's death. But Attila brought fear to Europe, lingering for centuries and being called God's whip by Europe. The relationship between the Huns and the Huns is still somewhat controversial, but from the appearance of the Huns recorded in western Rome, the Huns are "short, the bridge of the nose is flat, the eyes are squinted into a slit, the head is large and round, the neck is almost invisible, the shoulders are large, they are non-human, and they are good at riding and shooting and fighting", which obviously bears the characteristics of the Mongol race.
III. Turks
The Turks were originally Pingliang Zahu, surnamed Ashina, after the Northern Wei Tuoba Tao attacked and destroyed the Frustrated Qu clan, Ashina led five hundred families to ruoran, living in the north of Jinshan, and built weapons for rouran for generations, becoming rouran's forged slaves. Because the appearance of Jinshan is very similar to the ancient armor hood, it is commonly known as the hood, and later rumors are turkic. In 546 AD, the Turkic Yili Khan defeated Tiele and surrendered more than 50,000 households, and the Turks began to grow stronger. When the Muzhan Khan attacked Rouran, he unified the entire northern steppe and established a Turkic khanate, as far as the Daxing'an Mountains in the east, to the Caspian Sea in the west, more than 10,000 miles in the east and west, and 400,000 yuan in control, becoming the hegemon of the northern steppe. Under the blows of the Sui Dynasty, the Turks split into two parts: the Eastern Turks and the Western Turks. In the last years of the Sui Dynasty, the Central Plains were in turmoil, and many Central Plains people defected to the Eastern Turks, and the Eastern Turk Shibi Khan conquered the Khitans, Murwei, Tuguhun and Gaochang, and the Central Plains Dou Jiande, Xue Ju, Liu Wuzhou, Liang Shidu, Li Rail, Wang Shichong, and others also submitted to the Shibi Khan, who was unprecedentedly powerful and claimed to control Xuan Million.
Map of the territory of the Turkic Khaganate at its height
After Emperor Taizong of Tang succeeded to the throne, the Eastern Turk Jieli Khan led hundreds of thousands of people into the Central Plains, and at one point reached Weiqiao in Chang'an. However, under the blows of Tang Taizong, the Eastern Turks soon collapsed, Jieli Khan also became a prisoner of the Tang Dynasty, and the Eastern Turks officially perished. During the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang, the Tang dynasty general Su Dingfang destroyed the Western Turk Khaganate and set up the Anxi Capital Protectorate and the Beiting Capital Protectorate in the Western Turk region to rule. The Turkic khaganate, which was destroyed by the Tang Dynasty, was divided and disintegrated into many tribes, and the Eastern Turks gradually integrated into the big family of the Chinese nation; the Western Turks divided and disintegrated into many Turkic tribes, and gradually converted to Islam after the Tang Dynasty's Anshi Rebellion withdrew from Central Asia, becoming a powerful force in Central Asia. In 970 AD, a Seljuk force of the Western Turks established the Seljuk Empire in West Asia, conquering a large area of West Asia, including Iraq, the Caucasus, most of Asia Minor and Syria (including Palestine), becoming the most powerful empire in West Asia.
Map of the Seljuk Empire
After the decline of the Seljuk Empire, the Ottomans, a small Turkic tribe attached to the Seljuk Empire, rose up in West Asia, and eventually conquered Asia Minor, West Asia, and North Africa, destroyed the Eastern Roman Empire, occupied the Balkan Peninsula, and once expanded its territory to the Mouth Danube River Valley, becoming a huge empire spanning three continents in Asia, Europe and Africa.
Map of the Ottoman Empire