In the spring of 1974, villagers in Xiyang Village, Lintong County, Shaanxi Province, inadvertently dug up a pottery samurai head while digging a well.
Given that the site is only more than one kilometer away from the east side of the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum, the state cultural relics department attaches great importance to this.
Subsequently, archaeologists were organized to carry out conservation excavations.
As a result, the Qinling Terracotta Warriors, known as the "Eighth Wonder of the World", were able to see the light of day.
The Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses are made of imitation humans and real horses.
The figurines are 1.75 meters to 1.95 meters tall, shaped according to the image of the generals of the Qin Army, with a large physique and a well-proportioned posture.
The towma is 1.5 meters tall and 2 meters long, with a strong body and full muscles.
Weapons include bronze swords, bronze spears and crossbows.
These many soldiers, horses, generals, weapons, chariots, imperial warriors, and so on, were arranged in a neat and orderly manner, and the scene was grand, majestic, and mighty.
The most amazing thing is that the clay figurines are completely shaped in a realistic way. The samurai's hairstyle, beard, cloak, and appearance are by no means completely similar, but they all have the physiognomy characteristics of the characters in the Qinchuan area.
While people are shocked by this mighty and majestic simulated army, they will notice this phenomenon: most samurai figurines are dressed in short brown, leg wrapped legs, line ties, and, helmetless hair, no helmet.
Why? Why are these thousands of terracotta warriors not only simple in armor, but also most of them do not wear helmets?
Professor Xu Weimin, head of the Department of History of Northwest University and an expert in Qin and Han history, gave the explanation: The Qin State is a country that advocates force, and not wearing a helmet can show heroic momentum on the battlefield, without fear of life and death, and overwhelm the enemy. Moreover, from the perspective of weight bearing, not wearing a helmet, lightly armed, fast action, easier to kill the enemy, and easier to win.
Is it? Is this really the case?
In the second year after the terracotta army excavation (1975), two wooden calves were excavated from the fourth tomb of sleeping tiger land in Yunmeng County, Hubei Province.
The text on these two wooden calves seems to be a heavy punch in the face of the expert.
When archaeologists were conducting archaeological excavations, they found that the two wooden calves were placed in the middle of the burial utensils box in the cemetery, next to stone stones, ink and other stationery utensils.
These two wooden calves are labeled by experts as No. 6 wooden calves and No. 11 wooden calves, respectively.
After research, experts finally confirmed that they are the world's earliest family letters.
The two sides of the communication were his younger brother "Zhen" and "Heifu", who were soldiers in the Qin army, and his older brother "Zhen", who served his parents and ran the whole family at the home of Anlu (安陸, in present-day Yunmeng County, Hubei).
The lower part of the No. 6 wooden mule has been mutilated and is now 16 cm long, 2.8 cm wide and 0.3 cm thick. Although the ink book Qin Li Wuxing on the front has lasted for thousands of years, the handwriting is still clear and legible, to the effect that:
"Surprise" just ask the brother "sincerely", the mother's body is still okay? Treat people fairly outside the home... Brother "sincerely", is the mother's body really okay? My mother joined the army not long ago, with the "Hef" brother, and her health has been very good... In the matter of money and clothes, I hope that my mother will entrust someone to send five or six hundred dollars, and the good cloth will be at least two feet and five feet. ...... I have spent all the money I borrowed from yuanbai, and if my family does not send money over, I will starve to death, and I am in a hurry. "Surprise" asked one more question, "surprised" new daughter-in-law and son "concubine" are also okay? Tell her to try her best to take good care of the second elder...
There are also ink books on the back of the Qin Li Five Elements, to the effect that:
"Shocked" outside, "You" asked her brother "Zhen" to discipline him, don't let him go too far away to collect firewood, brother "Zhen" must take care of him well... "New" This place was attacked by us, and most of the city fled. The common people of these former enemy countries generally did not abide by the laws of Great Qin... Please burn more incense for me and worship the bodhisattva, if you get the next signature, it is because I am in the city of rebellion, don't think too much. Sister and her newborn son "Yan" are okay...? There are many thieves in the "new" place, and the brother "sincerely" must not go to ah, remember to remember.
Wooden Mu Mu No. 11 is well preserved, 23.4 cm long, 3.7 cm wide and 0.25 cm thick, and the front is also the ink book Qin Li Wu Xing, which is a letter written to "Zhen" together with "Surprise" and "Heifu", and is undertaken by No. 6 Mu Mu. The gist of it is:
In February, Xin Wei, younger brothers "Heifu" and "Surprise" again wrote to greet the family. Is your mother okay? "Hef" and "Surprise" are all right now. A few days ago, "Hef" and "Shock" went on separate missions, and today they have to meet again. "Hef" wrote this letter because he wanted Hef's living expenses, and his mother had to hurry up and make summer clothes. After receiving the letter, the mother took a look at whether the Anlu silk cloth was expensive, and if it was not expensive, she would make a complete set of summer clothes and let people bring it with the money. If the silk cloth is too expensive, then send more money, and the "black man" buys cloth here to make clothes. "Heifu" is going to attack Huaiyang with the army, it may take a long time, casualties are unpredictable, I hope that the money that my mother gives to "Heifu" is not too small. When you receive the letter, you must reply, "Surprise" and "Hef" have not awarded the knighthood earned to the family? If you send it, you tell us what it is like. If you haven't delivered it, tell me about it. The king said that as long as...
On the back of the ink book Qin Li Six Lines has a place that is blackened by ink, the text is blurred, from the remaining text, the general idea is: (followed by the front)... There is no delay in the availability of documents. Don't forget to say thank you when people send paperwork. Clothes and money must be sent to the Confederate Army... Make no mistake... Greetings to our aunts and sisters, especially the eldest aunt... Then help us greet "Season Beard". There is also the "baby season", have we settled what we told him? Lü Bao, who lives in the "sunset", and Yan Yizhang, who lives in the "plaque", also help us to greet ah... "Surprised" worried about the new daughter-in-law, she and "concubine" should be okay? Tell her to try her best to take care of her husband, and never to be angry with people... Just try your best...
These two family letters, asking about the situation at home, asking parents for safety, reporting on their fighting on the front line, etc., are all sensational. But the most heart-wrenching thing is that both letters are due to their lack of clothes and money on the front line, and they are anxious to ask for help from their families, so that people can't help but cry bitterly when they see this.
In a word, the Soldiers of the Qin State were not as great as the experts thought, they went to the front line to fight, they fought for the country, more were forced, and even the amount of clothing needed to fight the war had to be provided by the family.
Think about it, these poor soldiers, in a chaotic world, far away from their families, have to face the war and face death every day, but in the barracks, there is no food and clothing, they have to fill their stomachs, and they have to go thousands of miles away to ask their families, saying that they do not wear helmets and armor, saying that they are "not afraid of life and death, and they have to overwhelm the enemy from momentum". They clearly cannot afford to buy such expensive war equipment.
attach:
The original text of the No. 6 wooden mu is positive: "Dare to ask with a big heart, and the mother is not harmed?" Outside the home with... Sincerely, the mother's power is not harmful also? With the army, with the black husband, are not harmed. ...... May the mother send five or six hundred dollars, and the cloth is good and the good one is not two feet and five feet. ...... With Yuanbai Qianyi, Murofu dispatched, that is, dead. Hurry. Surprised to ask the new negative, you all have to be free also? The new negative is struggling to see the second old..."
The original text on the back of the No. 6 wooden mu: "Shocked by the distant family, sincerely teach the concubine, so that if you don't dare to go far, take the new, sincerely order... Hear the untruths of the new underground city, and make the people of the dead have the real people who do not obey the orders... For the sake of the temple, if it is destroyed, it will be frightened and the city will be destroyed. Dare to ask the aunt with a big heart, the sister-in-law gave birth to unharmed...? The people of the new land are thieves, and they are in a hurry to do the new land. ”
The original text of the front of the 11th wooden mu: "February Xin Mi, Heifu, dare to ask again, the mother is not sick also?" Hef, shocked also. The day before he said goodbye to the shock, and now he will meet again. Hef wrote on the book: Leave the black man money, the mother the summer clothes to come. Now that the book is coming, the mother regards Anlusi as a, and can be a Zen skirt, and the mother will do it, so that she and the money will come. Its silk cloth is expensive, and it comes with money, and the black man thinks that he will cloth it. Heifu and other directly zo Huaiyang, attacked the city for a long time, the wounds are not known, may the mother's widow Heifu use no less. The book is a newspaper, and the reward will be said to be the future of the family, and the future will be told to the hef. Smell the king to get it. ”
The original text on the back of the No. 11 wooden mu: "No harm also? Isn't it also the Resignation Family Lord? The Southern Army of Books and Clothing does not... Isn't it also? For Heifu, Surprise Ask's sister, Kang Le Xiaoshu (嬃) so you elder sister Wai Nei (?) ）...... For Heifu, Surprise asks Higashimuro Yoshisu (嬃) to get it right? For Hef, surprise many ask babies to remember the season can (how) such as? Indeterminate? For the black man, the surprised asked the sunset Lü Baby, the plaque Yan Slander zhangren was spared... Yikes. Surprised to ask the new negative (woman), concubine (wan) to get it or not? The new negative is struggling to look at the people, and does not have to deal with... Barely also.