In early May 1645, in the second year of Shunzhi, the Qing army occupied Zhenjiang, directly exerting pressure on the Hongguang regime in Nanjing. The people in Nanjing were panicked, and the haze of the Qing army's Yangzhou slaughter city hung over Nanjing. But at this moment, the Hongguang Emperor Zhu Yousong was immersed in personal interests and hobbies every day, enjoying a rare leisure and elegance in the tune of the disciples of Liyuan, and a group of eunuchs and the emperor pushed cups and changed cups, drinking and drinking heavily.
After more than ten days, he reacted and felt that winter was coming and great trouble was coming. Late that night, Zhu Yousong felt that the Qing army was about to attack the city, so he hurriedly took his empress dowager, concubines, and forty or fifty other people and secretly slipped away from the city of Nanjing. At the moment of crisis, this short-lived Emperor of the Southern Ming dynasty did not think about how to better organize the rebellion, but tried every means to escape.
The people in the city had long hated the authorities of the Hongguang regime, and they beat up Wang Duo, a university scholar who did not have time to escape, and then went together to burn down the mansions of Ma Shiying, Ruan Dacheng and others in Nanjing. The reason why the common people hate these corrupt officials is because these people have brought a good and decent Ming Dynasty to ruin. Although the emperor ran away, the city of Nanjing could not live without the emperor! So the common people pulled out a person who was imprisoned by Zhu Yousong and claimed to be the Prince of Chongzhen and took the throne as emperor at the Wuying Palace. The civil and military officials were worried that the Qing army would attack the city of Nanjing, and the Hongguang Emperor who had run away would return, so the matter of the new emperor's ascension to the throne would not be settled for a while and a half.
On the evening of May 14, the Qing army led by Duo Duo arrived at the city of Nanjing, and the large army was stationed at the suburban altar gate. Zhao Zhilong of the Southern Ming Dynasty, Wang Duo, a university scholar, Qian Qianyi of the Rebbe Shangshu, and others led a large number of Southern Ming officials to kneel down and greet them at the top of the pouring university and held a brief surrender ceremony.
The next day, Zhao Zhilong opened the Hongwu Gate in Nanjing, and brought a group of Princes of the Southern Ming Dynasty, horses, cabinet scholars, six Shangshu waiters, six sections of the 55 middle schools, and officials and people in the city to the Qing army camp to hold a formal surrender ceremony, and the Southern Ming Hongguang regime ended here.
A few days later, Liu Liangzuo, the defender of Nanming Zhenjiang who surrendered to the Qing army, was ordered by Duoduo to capture the fleeing Hongguang Emperor Zhu Yousong from Wuhu to Nanjing. As soon as the people of Nanjing saw Zhu Yousong, they threw bricks and vegetable leaves at him, eager to unload him in eight pieces. It can be seen that the behavior of Zhu Yousong's Hongguang regime in Nanjing was not popular with the people.
Nanjing is the central city of Zhu Yuanzhang's conquest of the world, after the Ming Dynasty Ancestor Zhu Di moved the capital to Beijing, Nanjing as the remaining capital of the Ming Empire still exists, all the administrative organs are basically the same as Beijing, Beijing has it, Nanjing also has it, the difference is that only the emperor is in Beijing.
After Li Zicheng occupied Beijing, the Chongzhen Emperor committed suicide in Beijing, and the Ming Empire fell to the end. But Nanjing, the second capital of the Ming Dynasty, was still there, and there was also a well-established Ming government here. After the Qing army entered Beijing, the Ming officials in Nanjing, led by The Soldier Shangshu Shi Kefa, prepared to make enemies of the more virtuous King Lu. However, his idea was opposed by Ma Shiying, the governor of Fengyang who fled to Nanjing, and eventually Zhu Yousong, the Prince of Fu, was made emperor and changed his name to Yuan Hongguang, historically known as the Southern Ming Hongguang regime.
The Hongguang regime lasted only a year before it died out. As the second capital of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing army attached as much importance to Nanjing as Beijing. So what did the Qing army do to the city of Nanjing, so that this ming dynasty capital became the weather of the Great Fresh Dynasty?
Because the Ming officials in Nanjing chose to surrender, the Qing army did not encounter any resistance after entering Nanjing. The Qing army did not slaughter Nanjing as it did in Yangzhou, which made the people of Nanjing very happy. Not only did he not slaughter the city, but he also tried every means to find a way to stabilize the people of Nanjing.
In addition, after the Qing army entered Nanjing, the biggest problem it faced was how to deal with Nanjing and set up an official government, whether to continue to retain the original name of Nanjing and appoint officials according to the official positions of the Ming Dynasty, or to change the original positioning of Nanjing and transform it into a local city? The supreme ruler of the Qing government chose the latter.
After Duoduo entered Nanjing, he sent a letter to Dolgun in Beijing to ask for a plan for the disposal of Nanjing. Dorgon then sent people to Nanjing, conveying the supreme instructions, asking Dorgon to still use "Nanjing or still be Beijing, or changed to a province, until the big day is set to discuss." The meaning of this sentence is that the disposal of Nanjing can be called Beijing or the province for the time being, but now the most important task is still to pacify the entire Jiangnan region, and then focus on this issue after Jiangnan is truly pacified.
After that, in the name of the Shunzhi Emperor, Dorgon issued an edict with certain policy and guiding significance for the situation in Jiangnan, in which the edict said of the Nanjing issue: "Nanjing is the fundamental land of Jiangnan, and the ten provinces of The Hu hub should be set up as a town guard, and the officials of each department should be in charge of the reform, and officials of all sizes should be adjudicated and merged, and the second department of the officials and soldiers should work together with the Jiuqing Kedao, and the auspicious ceremony should be performed according to the ruling." ”
In June of the second year of Shunzhi, according to the opinion issued by Dorgon, Jiuqing Kedao held a meeting to study the status of Nanjing and the establishment of officials. The opinions of the ministers were not unified, and some advocated that the six departments of the Ming Dynasty should still be retained, such as the Inspectorate, Caojiang, Patrol, Fuyin, Guozijian, and Liuke. Some advocated the establishment of a governor's office in Nanjing, under the command of the prince, and only the military department, the household department, and the ministry of works were retained among the six ministries, and the Hanlin Academy was used as an educational institution, which was controlled by the inner court, and two divisions were set up. And changed Nanjing to Ying Tianfu. Some people also proposed to continue to treat Nanjing as the capital of Beijing. All in all, everyone made a lot of suggestions, all kinds of things, everything, but none of them were determined.
Just when Dorgon was also racking his brains at this time, Chen Mingxia, a servant of the official department and a bachelor of Hanlin Academy, proposed his own plan to Dolgun. He wrote: "The state is determined to be the capital of the gods, and it is necessary to live in the north and the south, and it must not be called the capital as before, and it is advisable to go to the name of Beijing and set up officials." The three departments of soldiers, households, and workers, each of which is a servant of the North Andersonate, and various divisions, such as the Salary Division and the Division. Cao Jiang also sent from the north to manage the affairs of river defense. Patrol the city, patrol the river, patrol the warehouse, and the inspectorate, make a big difference. Guozijian is from the north to support talents from the ten southeastern provinces. The Terracotta Division continued to patrol, and Yu Was informed that he should be cut. ”
Dorgon was very much in favor of Chen Mingxia's plan, so he made some arrangements for the status and officials of Nanjing, changing Nanjing to Jiangnan Province, YingtianFu to Jiangning Province, Yin Prefecture to Zhizhou, and other weishou to prefectures and counties. The palm seal command and the guan tun command were temporarily retained, and the rest of the departments and personnel were all laid off.
After that, the Qing court appointed Hong Chengzu as the governor of Jiangnan, and the first thing he did when he took office was to complete the task given to him by the Qing court to go to Nanjing to change the province of Beijing. After he took office, after making many plans and investigations, he put forward his own set of plans for Nanjing's status and the establishment of officials, proposing to change Jiangnan into a province and Nanjing into Jiangnan Province, and to set up officials like other provinces, belonging to eight counties, including Shangyuan, Jiangning, Jurong, Lishui, Liyang, Gaochun, Jiangpu, and Liuhe.
Since then, the Qing Dynasty government has completed the work of Nanjing's relocation to Beijing, which to a certain extent weakened the many marks and influence of Nanjing as the capital of the Ming Dynasty, and laid the foundation for strengthening the rule of the Qing Dynasty.