As for why the Socialist Republic of Vietnam was founded, in Hanoi, which is close to the Chinese border, there has always been a saying called "the Son of Heaven guards the gate of the country".
But is it really just for such a simple reason? In today's era of industrial revolution and scientific and technological revolution, does the capital still need to have the function of guarding the country's gate? Today, I am here to discuss with you the multifaceted factors of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam.
Before talking about why Vietnam has its capital in Hanoi, it is necessary to talk about the history of Vietnam.
Vietnam was the first to form a state, around the Time of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in Chinese history. In the following thousand years, Vietnam became a vassal state of the ancient Chinese dynasty several times, and became independent several times. Until the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Vietnamese royal family wrote to the Jiajing Emperor and asked for the name of the country, so it was called "Vietnam".
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Western powers occupied colonies around the world, and France occupied Vietnam. The Vietnamese royal family turned to the Qing court for help, but the Qing court had been weak for a long time, and finally the Qing court signed the Sino-French New Treaty with France, handing over the Qing Dynasty's suzerainty over Vietnam to the French, and Vietnam fell into colonial rule.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, almost at the same time as China's Xinhai Revolution, Vietnamese leader Ho Chi Minh went overseas to seek a strategy to save the country and founded the Communist Party of Vietnam in Hong Kong in 1930. In 1940, Japan invaded Vietnam, and Vietnam set off a climax of anti-Japanese resistance. In August 1945, Ho Chi Minh led the Viet Minh To seize the rights of the VietnamEse Empire and proclaimed independence in Hanoi the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was established.
Soon, however, France invaded Vietnam, and South Vietnam became a French puppet regime. In 1950, China and Vietnam established diplomatic relations, and North Vietnam, under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh and with the assistance of New China, fought against France until the Geneva Conference in 1954, when Vietnam was divided from north to south at 17° north latitude.
When the Vietnam War broke out in 1961, the United States and other countries formed a coalition army to invade, until the United States withdrew its troops in 1973. Vietnam went through another two years of civil war, which was finally declared unified in 1976.
Looking at the history of Vietnam, it is not difficult to find. The main reason for Vietnam's capital, Hanoi, was Ho Chi Minh's declaration of independence in Hanoi, which proclaimed the birth of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. This makes me think that when New China was founded, it also did a lot of research on the question of where the fixed capital was.
The capital of new China is Beijing, first of all, Beijing, as the imperial capital of the five dynasties, has a long history and profound cultural heritage. Second, Beijing is located in the northeast to the throat of Guannei, and is also close to the ocean, but the Bohai Sea is also an inland sea, with two peninsula arches in Liaodong and Shandong. At the same time, there are a number of traffic arteries that lead to all directions, which is convenient for travel.
Third, as the birthplace of the new cultural movement, Beijing has always been at the forefront of thought, and it is also a place where talents are born. Fourth, Beijing did not belong to the kuomintang area at that time, and the reactionary forces had a weak foundation, which was the best choice for starting a new stove.
We can compare this and look at the reasons why Vietnam chose Hanoi.
First, Hanoi, also an ancient city in Vietnam, became the political and cultural center of Vietnam in the 11th century AD.
Hanoi was founded in China during the Tang Dynasty, and was the territory of the later Tang Dynasty Annam Protectorate, although the ruins of the ancient city have survived many years of war, but the traditional culture and historical context still survive to this day.
Second, Hanoi is located in the open belly of northern Vietnam, located in the river delta, full of water and grass. There are Red River and Su Li River converging here, and at the same time sitting on the largest river port in Northern Vietnam, where the main traffic routes converge, which is a necessary place to connect the inside and outside.
At the same time, Hanoi is adjacent to the coastal port, and the coastline is tortuous, which is conducive to the economic development of the port and is a natural haven. Moreover, the northeast, northwest and southwest are surrounded by mountains on three sides, and the Lang Shan in the northeast direction and the Huanglian Mountains in the west are sandwiched, making the hinterland of Hanoi vast and suitable for entry and retreat. Mountains are easy to defend and difficult to attack, and can form a counter-offensive and occupy the strategic initiative.
Third, Vietnam defeated French troops in Hanoi during the Sino-French War. Later, the French colonized Vietnam, and Hanoi became the seat of the French governor at that time, and the city developed to a certain extent.
Later, the Japanese army invaded Vietnam, because the French colonial rule still remained famous, and the Japanese army's damage to Hanoi was also lighter. Later, at the end of World War II, Ho Chi Minh issued the Declaration of Independence in Hanoi, which became the capital of Vietnam. When Vietnam was renamed the Socialist Republic in 1976, Hanoi became the capital of the past.
And, we look at the whole country of Vietnam. Vietnam is located in the easternmost panhandle of the Indochina Peninsula. To the west, it is blocked by the Huanglian Mountains, the Huifen Plateau, and the Changshan Mountains. After passing through the Cheong Son Mountains, the terrain gradually opens up but is blocked by the Dole Plateau and two peaks, and then south to the open plains of Ho Chi Minh City and the Cam Ou Peninsula.
At the time of the establishment of the Republic of Vietnam, Vietnam-China relations were in a low period, and although the southern plains were close to Cambodia, at that time, with the assistance of the Soviet Union, Vietnam already had ambitions to annex Cambodia, but China, which already had nuclear weapons at that time, was the object of Vietnam's jealousy.
If the capital is fixed in the south, then once the war comes, it is likely to be cut off from the middle narrow place, and a large area of land in the north will be at risk of annexation. Although Vietnam is suspected of living in the belly of a gentleman with the heart of a villain. But for a country to be the capital, there is nothing wrong with it.
Summarizing many factors, it can be seen that The capital of Vietnam, Hanoi, is not just the five words of "the son of heaven guards the gate of the country".