Cangjie made words
Luo Ning is not only the source of Luo Shu, but also the place where words are made. Although many places say that it is the place where Cangjie made characters, Luoning is at least one of the places where words are made more ancient.
What is more interesting is that the "Luo Shu" and the character are both from the "turtle back", the difference is that the two horns are known as "god turtle" and "spirit turtle". The "Book of Luo" comes from the Dayu period, and the character on the back of the turtle is "Red Seal Character"; while the character is derived from the Yellow Emperor period, and the character on the back of the turtle is "Danjia Qingwen". According to relevant historical records, Yu was "the grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the grandson of emperor Huan", that is, there were at least four generations from the Yellow Emperor to Dayu. Therefore, we can draw a conclusion: the "turtle" of the Yellow Emperor's period is not a product of the same era, that is, the "Luoshu" as later generations called "Luoshu" is different from the "Lushu", and the Ming Dynasty historian Qiu Qifeng also wrote a special "Luoshu Non-ShanghaiShu Discernment" for this purpose, which was included in the "Luoning County Chronicle" of the sixth year of the Republic of China.
"Book of Shanghai" refers to the Book of Cangjie Characters. According to the "River Map Jade Edition", "Cangjie is the emperor's southern tour, the mountain of Dengyang, the water of the Yuan, the book of the spirit turtle, and the Danjia Qingwen, to teach it." ”
There is a cloud in the Outer Book: "The jaw has holy virtue, and is born to be able to write." And the mountain of Changdeng Yang, near the water of the Yuan, the spirit turtle negative figure out of the water, the Cangdi emperor received it, so he studied the changes of heaven and earth, looked up at the trend of the Kuixing round, looked down at the turtle and bird traces the spirit of the mountains and rivers, and created the text with his palm, creating the six books. The book Jackie Chan hides ghosts and cries, because there are words that scare people's books. The sky is rain and millet rain gold, and it is also the secret of the heavens and the earth.
The "Tongzhi Jin Shiluo" is more specific: "The Cangjie Stone Chamber Record has twenty-eight characters, in the Cangbei Beihai Tomb, the scholars call it the library, zhou shi no one knows, Li Si began to know the eight characters, known as 'the heavens are dying, the emperor is the king'. "Uncle Han knows twelve characters.
The above records can explain several problems: first, this incident occurred in the era of the Yellow Emperor; second, the person who created the character was cangjie, the historian of the Yellow Emperor, cangjie with four pupils, and quite holy virtue; third, the basis and inspiration for the creation of the characters came from the "Danjia Qingwen" on the back of the turtle; the fourth was that the place where the characters were created was on the yuanhu river and the land of Luowei under the Yangxu Mountain; fifth, Cangjie made a total of 28 characters at that time, Li Si of the Qin Dynasty only recognized 8, and the uncles and grandsons of the Han Dynasty could expand to 12, which were all collected in the Cangjie stone chamber Sixth, after Cangton caused the writing, the heavens were worried that everyone would learn to write, lest they leak the heavenly opportunity, and there would be phenomena of "dragons hiding ghosts crying" and "heavenly rain and millet", and even some people believe that "life is literate and ill at the beginning", and even blamed all the sins, conspiracies, sorrows, and sorrows of mankind on the zigzag created by Lun Jie. This, of course, can only be said to be a prejudice. Imagine if the whole human being could not speak and write until now, what would be different from other animals?
Cangjie
Cangjie made 28 characters
Leaving aside other questions here, it is only to say where the provenance of the Luoshu and the place where Cangjie made the characters were, which is a topic of endless debate among historians throughout the ages. If we want to clarify this problem, we must first figure out the specific positioning of three places: one is Yangxu Mountain, the other is YuanhuiShui, and the third is Luowei.
First of all, there are two theories in Shaanxi. We know that there are two Luo rivers in the north and south of Shaanxi Province: the historical name "Nanluo River" that originated in southeast shaanxi is called "Nanluo River", that is, this Luo River that flows through Luoning. In addition, there is a Luo River that originates in the southern foothills of Baiyu Mountain in Dingbian County, Shaanxi Province, and flows from northwest to southeast through Ganquan, FuXian, Luochuan, Baishui and other places, which is only a tributary of the Wei River. The Luonan people believe that the source of the Luoshu and the place where cangjie were created are in Luonan, and its main basis is derived from the records of the Notes on the Water Classics:
The mountain of the curse, the water of Luo. It merges with Dan in the east, the water flows out of the northwest of Zhushan Mountain, and the south flows into Luo.
……
Luoshui is east to Yangxuan Mountain, and the water of Hexuan is the same. The Classic of Mountains and Seas says: Luoshui flows northeast, and the water of Xuanhu is also. It is also known that from the mountain of the deer's hoof to the mountain of Xuanhuo, the nine mountains, the name of the mountain, and the tong and the juju, are the second of the nine mountains. Therefore, the "Classic of Mountains and Seas" says: These two mountains are Luo Jianye. It is the water of Knowing Xuanhu, out of the mountain of Xuanhuo, covering the landscape and receiving both its eyes. Its water passes under the yang void.
Most historians believe that the "Xuanhu" mentioned here is "Xuanhu". According to the interpretation of "Xuan Hu" in the dictionary: First, the name of the mountain, in the west of Luonan County, Shaanxi, opposite the Yangxu Mountain. 2. The name of the water, in the west of Luonan County, Shaanxi, originates from Xuanhu Mountain and goes down to Yangxu Mountain. It can be seen that this place has both Xuanhu Mountain and Yangxu Mountain.
It is even believed that the Luo River had not been dredged during the Yellow Emperor period, and that the river had not yet flowed through Bears Ears Mountain to Henan. Therefore, Xuanhushui and Yangxushan are only in Shaanxi.
And that's not all, the people of northern Shaanxi put forward a different point of view. They believe that the Nanluo River was called "Luoshui" in ancient times, and that its change to "Luo" was a matter of later Han and Wei dynasties. Therefore, they believed that the Beiluo River was the real Luo River in the ancient period, and the Luo Shushu and the place where Cangjie made characters should be on the Beiluo River.
Of course, each of these two statements seems to make sense. But the problem is that the Beiluo River is at best a tributary of the Wei River, which is a tributary of the Yellow River. On the other hand, the Nanluo River has just originated in the Luonan area, and the water is too small, where can you swim with the turtle? Moreover, the area where the Yellow Emperor was active was mainly in the Central Plains, and the Luo River has always been inseparable in the Central Plains. From this point of view, the Luo Shushu and Cangjie Character Creation should not be in Shaanxi.
In addition, the Gongyi people also proposed that the LuoShu should be at the entrance of the Luo River to join the Yellow River, because this place has been the land of Luo Wei since ancient times. However, the problem is that only from the historical data, there are three places called "Luowei" in ancient times: one is Luonan in Shaanxi, the other is Luoning Changshui, and the third is Gongyi. For example, according to the Interpretation of the Hanyu Da Dictionary, "汭" can refer to both the confluence of the two rivers and the place where the river channel is circuitous. Therefore, Lohon does not necessarily refer to only one place. Even in the Classic of Mountains and Seas, there are two sayings: one is "there is a mountain of yang and void, and the water that is near Xuanhu is for Luo Weiye", and one day "Luo Shui, Chenggao West into the river is also, called Luo Wei, that is, Shigu Ye". Another reason they put forward was that, according to the "History of Yinyi", "the Yellow Emperor toured the river in the east, crossed luo, repaired the altar and sank the wall, and was subject to the dragon map in the river and the turtle book in Luo." The "Bamboo Book Chronicle" also says: "In the autumn and July of the fiftieth year of the Yellow Emperor, the dragon figure came out of the river, the turtle book came out of Luo, and the red text seal character was written to grant Xuanyuan." "Xuanyuan is also the Yellow Emperor." According to these records, it seems that the Book of Luo was not given to Dayu, but to the Yellow Emperor. It seems that the Yellow Emperor entered the Luo River from the Yellow River and obtained the Book of Hetuluo at the same time, which is very different from the saying that "Luo Shu gave Yu".
In summary, all three of these places can find a basis in the historical records. However, in the author's opinion, only Luoning Changshui, both in terms of geographical location and data basis, its reasons are more sufficient.
Ruins of Cangjie Zitai
First of all, Luoning is located in the middle reaches of the Luo River, and this place of Longtou Mountain is precisely the watershed of the upper and middle reaches of the Luo River, not to mention that this is the place where the Yellow Emperor and Dayu have personally visited. Or because in the era of the Yellow Emperor, the water of the Luo River had not yet flowed into Luoning, so in Luoning there may only be Xuanhu at that time, and there was no Luohe, and Cangjie saw only the Book of Shanghai instead of the Book of Luo.
Second, in the northwest direction of Longtou Mountain, there is a tributary of the Luo River, called XuanhuShui in ancient times, now called Huchi River; in the southwest direction of Longtou Mountain, there is a mountain across the river from Xuanhu Water, called Yangxu Mountain in ancient times. There is a village called Yangyu in the Yangxu Mountain Basin, and there is a small hill in the southeast direction of Yangyu Village.
Local villagers still call it "Character Making Platform" or "Character Platform".
Third, there is a bottomless water nest on the Xuanhu River, commonly known as the "turtle nest". It is said that this is the place where Cangjie saw the Spirit Turtle Negative Book that year. In the early years, on the stone wall of the middle trough of the Xuanhu River, there were three large characters engraved with "Old Turtle's Nest", but now it does not exist due to the collapse of the stone blocks. But on the nearby cliffs, there is still a Ming Dynasty cliff carving entitled "The Turtle's Nest Has Become Even Here":
Lead the vine edge cliff step through the spring, and the sound of birds is clearing up Yan.
Sneak away and fly away, staying with the tourists in the orchestra.
The stone inscription is "Guangdong Daojinshi Xishu Liu Wuchen Book". Liu Wuchen was a native of Yibin, Sichuan (then under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province), a jinshi in the sixth year of Ming Hongzhi (1493), and served as the prefect of Zhenyuan Province, Guizhou. In the year he took office from the capital to Guizhou, it was the time when Li Lin (a third-year jinshi of Hongzhi) from Pingding Prefecture in Shanxi (in present-day Shouyang and Leping, Shanxi) was serving as a county commander in Yongning. Because the two of them had a personal relationship when they were in the capital, they took this opportunity to take a detour to Yongning to stay for a few days. Li Xianling also pulled him to look at several places. Therefore, Liu Wuchen wrote this poem as a "tourist", and Li Lin let people carve it down, but he did not expect that it would later become the only monument left here.
Stone carved Liu Wuchen poems
Regarding the Xuanhu River and Yangxu Mountain, there are also many records in history that their land is in Luoning.
The Ming "Yi Tong Zhi • Yongning Zhi" records: "Xuanhu water originates from the Yangxu Mountain in the west of Yongning County, and flows into Luo. ”
In the early Qing Dynasty, Gu Zuyu's "Minutes of Reading the History of Fang Public Opinion • Henan San • Yongning County" recorded: "Yangxu Mountain, in the west of the county fifty miles, a Yangyu. When the Yellow Emperor shi Cangjie toured the south with the emperor, Dengyang Void Mountain was also. There is a yuan water out of the fire, flowing into Luo. ”
During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the "Chronicle of Yongning County" recorded: "Fifty miles northwest of the county, there are Yangxu Mountains, the Clouds of the Classic of Mountains and Seas, and the Yangxu Mountains are golden, and they are near the water of Xuanlu. ”
According to the "Chronicle of Henan Province", "Xuanhu and Yangxuan are now in Yongning" "There is Xuanhu Water in the west of Yongning County, and when the Yellow Emperor was in the yellow emperor, ShiChen Cangjie toured from the south of the emperor, and when he was in this water, there were turtles out of the water, and there were turtles out of the water, and the red armor qingwen on his back was also called Hushu. Cangjie made characters because of the rules, and this Yang Void Mountain is therefore a word-making platform."
The Great Dictionary of Ancient and Modern Chinese Geographical Names is a reference to "Yangxu Mountain. There are two explanations, one of which is: "In the west fifty miles of Luoning County, Henan, a Yangyu." In the era of the Yellow Emperor, Cangjie toured the south with the emperor and climbed the Mountain of Emptiness, that is. ”
Finally, we should admit that these are only legends after all, and in fact, Chinese characters are by no means created by anyone who can move with a stroke of genius. It was created by the ancient ancestors by observing for a long time the "round curved style of kuixing, the traces of the hooves and claws of birds and beasts", so that on the basis of knotted ropes and book deeds, they were created through pictograms, false loans, pointing things, willfulness, transfer notes, and harmonic sounds. Of course, this does not exclude the need for one or a group of people to unify the sorting and editing in the process of development, as Mr. Lu Xun said: "In society, Cangjie is not one, some engrave a little map on the handle of the knife, some draw some pictures on the portal, the heart is imprinted, word of mouth, there are more words, once the historian collects, he can perfunctory notes." The interpretation of "Cangjie" in the "Cihai" is also more objective: "It is said that he was the yellow emperor's historical official and the creator of Chinese characters." ...... Cangjie may be a representative figure of ancient collation writing. Yin Zhanghan of the Henan Province of the Qing Dynasty also had a more realistic view of this matter, and he had a poem called "Zitai" that reads:
I watched yudai and suddenly saw the history of Cangshi.
Luo Gush pressed the group of books, and there was no word to start
At the beginning of the ancient world, the knotted rope was the upper reason.
According to Zhang Han's view, the text gradually evolved from the original "knotted rope chronicle", and it was definitely not created by one or two people. Therefore, we do not have to argue endlessly about the origin of the "Book of River Tuluo" and the "Cangjie Character". We prefer to believe that it is just a legend, or a product of an era. If we regard it as a cultural concept with rich connotations, it is not impossible to assume that it originated in the Heluo area, and to identify the appropriate place in the Heluo area as the specific location where it was produced, as a memorial.
Fortunately, at the 4th International Symposium on Heluo Culture held in October 2004, Luoning was officially identified as the legendary "Luo Book Office".
Source: The History of Lonin
Original: Zhou Liuzong