Humanity's fight against the virus has a long history, but what impressed everyone the most was the Black Death, which had the highest number of deaths and terrified all Europeans.
This has to start from the descendants of the golden family Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan's generation of heavenly arrogance, arising in the desert north, first unified the Mongol tribes, and then destroyed the Jin Dynasty, Western Xia. After the Battle of Western Xia, Genghis Khan died of illness. His four sons fought in the south and the north, and it is said that the Mongols had the rule of "keeping the stove with young sons." "The fourth son, Tuolei, should inherit the position of the Great Khan, but it is the third brother Who inherits the position of the Great Khan. Wokoutai promised to "pass the position of the Great Khan to Tuolei again." "And torre was made the overseer of the state and managed the affairs of the military state." Unfortunately, Tuolei died in front of Wokoutai, and later Wokoutai passed the throne to Tuolei's son Meng Ge before his death. Later, Meng Ge destroyed the state of Dali and began to attack the Southern Song Dynasty, only to be killed by the great hero Yang Guo at xiangyang city. Möngke's younger brother Kublai Khan succeeded him as Great Khan and destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty a few years later. Unified China and established the Yuan Dynasty, kublai khan is also the ancestor of the Yuan dynasty.
Later, the emperors of the Yuan Dynasty were all descendants of the fourth son Tuolei, and Tuolei's three older brothers and their descendants, the eldest brother Shuchi established the Golden Horde, the second brother Chagatai established the Chagatai Khanate, the three descendants of Wokoutai established the Wokoutai Khanate, and another of Tuolei's sons Hulegu established the Ilkhanate, which is also known as the Four Khanates.
At this time, the territory of the Golden Family was rare, and the descendants of Genghis Khan once hit the Danube. In 1346, the Great Khan of the Golden Horde, Zanibe Khan, attacked the city of Kafa in the Crimean port, and because the Mongol army was not good at sea warfare, it began to besiege the city, and the siege did not capture the city of Kafa for more than a year.
At this time, there was an outbreak of plague in the Mongol army, and thousands of people died every day at its peak. Zanibe Khan could only withdraw his troops, and before the withdrawal, the bodies of soldiers who had died of plague had no time to be buried, so they threw the bodies into the city of Kaffa in catapults. Eventually, the inhabitants of Kaffa City also contracted the plague, which was a port with developed commerce, and Venetian merchants from Europe often came here to do business, and as a result, they also contracted the plague and brought the plague to Europe.
In 1347 AD, Venetian merchants infected with the plague returned to Venice, and Venice began to spread. Rats with plague also came to Venice on Venetian merchant ships. The plague broke out, and because Europeans had no resistance to the plague, after being bitten, the mortality rate was as high as 80%, and the whole body was black, so it was called the "Black Death." "Europeans are still ignorant of this disease, the European environmental health in the Middle Ages is quite poor, which also led to the rapid breeding of rats, jumping riot bites rats with the Black Death, jumping riot also carries the Black Death, and later people will be infected with the Black Death when they are bitten by the jumping riot."
Medieval Europe was heavily religious, with theology dominating, while science was considered outlier, heretical. The Catholic Church at that time believed that the Black Death was God's punishment and that everyone would atone for their sins. Countless people gathered barefoot and dressed in linen robes, pumping their bodies with whips as they walked, and shouting "I am guilty." "Until it was covered in blood, Europe had begun to go crazy at this time.
To no avail, however, it spread to Italy in September 1947, to the Mediterranean port of Marseille in France in November, and later to the french state of fire. In August 1948, Paris fell and France fell completely; in the summer of the same year, the Black Death came to the English port of Dorset, came to London in August, and the following year Britain completely fell; in 1349, the Black Death crossed the Rhine along the northeast of France and swept through Basel, Frankfurt and Cologne; in 1350, it reached Hamburg, Port of Danzig, and then turned to Eastern Europe and northern Europe; from 1352 to 1353, the Black Death finally reached Russia.
Italy and France were the most serious in terms of severity, while smaller countries such as Poland and Belgium were lucky enough to escape. Boccaccio wrote in >> of the Tenth Day of << that Florence suddenly became a hell on earth: pedestrians suddenly fell to the ground while walking in the street. The worst of Florence, 80% of the population died of the Black Death, and lucky cities like Milan and Prague were a few exceptions, most of which were not spared.
From 1347 to 1353 AD, in just a few years, 1/3 of the population died throughout Europe, which was far more serious than the Antony plague. In Poland, there are more Jews, the living environment is cleaner, and there are also cats. At that time, the environment in Western European countries was generally poor, the garbage was too messy, and there were no cats, because the Catholic Church believed that cats were bad. At that time, the Arab Empire, which was relatively close to Europe, also had a clean living environment, which made it difficult for the virus to breed, so there was no Black Death.
The plague changed Europe, catholic authority was declining, and scientific thought was slowly awakening. It has also played a positive role in the sense of the progress of the times, but the price paid is indeed a little too large.