The Mongolian golden family actually has a broad and narrow sense: the broad golden family refers to the descendants of genghis Khan's family; after the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, the narrow sense of the golden family refers to to the descendants of Torre or even specifically to the kublai khan family. Although the Golden Family in a broad sense refers to the descendants of the Genghis Khan family, they are not necessarily all direct descendants of Genghis Khan. The history of the Golden Family did not begin with Genghis Khan, but with Genghis Khan's eleventh grandmother, Alain. This means that Genghis Khan's brothers and cousins are all descendants of the Golden Family.
To put it simply, the direct descendants of Genghis Khan must be the descendants of the golden family in the broad sense, but the descendants of the golden family in a broad sense are not necessarily the direct descendants of Genghis Khan, because the descendants of the broad golden family may also be the brothers and cousins of Genghis Khan. The lineage of the Golden Family in the Secret History of The Mongols is recorded as follows: the Two Brothers, Negus and Qiyan Brothers, were born in the Mughal Muwei tribe of the Northern Desert Steppe. The descendants of the former multiplied into the Mongol Da'er Liejin clan, while the descendants of the latter multiplied into the Qiyan clan.
In the fourteenth century, the book "History" written in Persian recorded that the two clans of Negus and Qiyan were once defeated by the Turkic tribes on the steppe, and the two men and two women who escaped by chance fled to Ergunekun (the mountains on the banks of the Erguna River) to settle down. They live and reproduce here for generations. The legendary "Ergunekun" is the Erguna River that flows through the Hulunbuir grassland. The Erguna River is therefore regarded as the mother river by the Mongolian people. Nowadays, the city of Erguna in northeast Inner Mongolia has established the "Source of Mongolia , Mughal Room Wei Cultural Tourism Scenic Spot".
The two clans of Negus and Qiyan of the Mughalsveh live and multiply in the Erguna River Valley. After becoming the head of the clan, the Qiyan clan's BoEr only Ji Dai Ergan officially named his clan the Mongol Clan. After the 8th century, the growing population of Mongolia had to migrate outward. By this time, the Mongols had produced 70 branches. The descendants of Gilder Ergan and his wife Alain gave birth to two sons, who knew that after Ben Ergan's death, Alain gave birth to three more sons, which aroused suspicion between the two eldest sons and relatives within the clan.
Alain said that the three sons behind her were her descendants with a golden god, so the descendants of these three sons were called the golden family of pure birth. The descendants of the three sons evolved into the later Bo'er Only Jin clan, the main child Qi clan, and the Tai Chi Wu clan. The youngest of these three sons, Bo Duancha'er Monghehei, was the tenth ancestor of Genghis Khan. In the spring of 1206, Temujin, from the Golden Family's Boerjin clan, unified the Mongol steppe tribes and was revered as Genghis Khan. After the establishment of the unified Mongol Khanate, it began to expand in all directions.
In its heyday, the Mongol Empire stretched from the Pacific Ocean in the east to the Danube River basin in Europe in the west, as far as the Arctic Ocean in the north and as far as the Great-Mu Dark Sand in the south. The Mongol Empire covered an area of up to 33 million square kilometers, making it a vast empire in human history second only to the British Empire. In the process of expansion and conquest of the Mongol Empire, the kings of Shuchi, Chagatai, Wokoutai, and Tuolei all had huge territories and powerful armies in their hands. This laid the hidden danger for the future division of the Mongol Empire.
With the Mongol population ruling such a vast territory, and Mongolia itself has just transitioned from a primitive tribe. Although they were able to take over the world at once, they failed to establish unified political and economic ties across the empire, so when they faced a much more populous and civilized people, they quickly showed signs of merging with the local population: the vast majority of the Mongols in the Western Expedition merged with the local Turks and converted to Islamic civilization. At the same time, the struggle for power and profit within the Mongolian Golden Family further aggravated the process of the division and disintegration of the Mongol Empire.
Genghis Khan's second son Chagatai and the third son, Kuotai, believed that the eldest son, Shuchi, was not Genghis Khan's own child, so after Wokoutai succeeded the Great Khan, the Chagatai and Wokoutai clan joined forces to exclude the Shukoutai. At this time, Möngke, the son of Genghis Khan's youngest son Tuolei, took the initiative to show his kindness to Batu, the son of Shuchi. In fact, Batu later contributed a lot to Möngke's inauguration as Great Khan, and Möngke, who sat on the throne of the Khan, repaid Batu with considerable autonomy, and the Chincha Khanate established by Batu actually became a relatively independent political entity.
In 1260 AD, Kublai Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan, the founder of the Mongol Khanate, took the throne as Great Khan in Kaiping (present-day Zhenglanqi, Inner Mongolia). Eleven years later, Kublai Khan accepted the advice of Han aides: he issued an edict declaring himself emperor as an orthodox ruler. Kublai Khan's political ambitions went far beyond that of his brother Möngke and his father Torre: he sought to transform the state system of the Mongol Khanate—not only as the Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, but also as the legitimate heir to the orthodox feudal dynasty of the Central Plains. Kublai Khan's actions sparked a major earthquake in imperial politics.
Kublai Khan's imitation of the Han system of Jianyuan and his claim to the throne made the conservative forces advocating the maintenance of old Mongol customs deeply worried, so they held a kuriletai assembly in Mongolia to elect Kublai Khan's younger brother Ali Buge as the Great Khan. As a result, the Mongol Empire had two supreme rulers at the same time: Emperor Kublai Khan, who had ascended the throne in imitation of the Han system, and Ali Buge Khan, elected by the native Mongolian nobility. Kublai Khan then fought for the khanship with his younger brother Ali Buge for the throne for four years due to power and ideology.
In the process, both the Wokoutai and Chagatai clans sided with Kublai Khan on the side of Ali Buge, and only the Ilkhanate founded by Kublai Khan's brother Hulegu sided with Kublai Khan, which Was actually won by Kublai Khan's promise to give him more autonomy. The fierce Mongols lacked a well-established political and economic system that would unite the various parts of the empire as a whole, so that they were quickly assimilated when confronted with a civilization with a larger population and a more advanced institutional culture.
The Turkic peoples they came into contact with during the Mongol Expedition were themselves nomadic, and the differences with Mongolian customs were relatively small, so the Mongol nobility was reluctantly acceptable to Turkification, but Kublai Khan's imitation of the Central Plains Han System as emperor strongly stimulated the conservative forces advocating the maintenance of old Mongolian customs. The Mongol Golden Family, as rulers, fought a protracted civil war within itself. By the end of the civil war, the Mongol Empire ceased to exist as a unified political entity, replaced by the Yuan Dynasty and the four major khanates of the Wokoutai Khanate, the Chagatai Khanate, the Chincha Khanate, and the Ilkhanate.
From this point on, the Golden Family had a broad and narrow meaning: the Broad Golden Family referred to the descendants of the three sons of Alain's grandmother and the gods; the narrow Golden Family specifically referred to the descendants of the Kublai Khan line of the Yuan Dynasty, while the descendants of the Four Khanates did not belong to the Narrow Golden Family. In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang, the ming emperor, sent Xu Da, Chang Yuchun and others to lead an army to lead the Northern Expedition to conquer the capital of Yuan (present-day Beijing). The fragile nomadic economy of emperor Yuan Shun after he fled back to the desert steppes was no longer enough to support the unified empire established by Kublai Khan modeled on the Han system in the Central Plains.
During this period, the Centrifugal Tendency of the Mongol Nobility towards the Golden Family began to grow. Soon the Mongolian steppes returned to the state of division before Genghis Khan's unification. In the course of the Mongol divisions, the tribes formed an intricate system of alliances. These tribal alliances gradually formed the two main forces of Tatars and Wallachia through differentiation and combination: the Wallachians were mainly composed of Turkic tribes assimilated by the Mongols after being conquered by Genghis Khan; the Tatars who inherited the orthodoxy of Genghis Khan's golden family still continued the name "Yuan".
The imperial lineage of the Northern Yuan Dynasty had a brief period of prosperity when it came to the Yan Khan generation, but the fragile economy of the steppe was indeed unable to support a huge empire, and the Ming Dynasty, which stood in the Central Plains at this time, as a unified empire, was not comparable to the Jin Dynasty, Western Xia, and Southern Song Dynasty. Therefore, Dayan Khan's ZTE eventually became the moon in the mirror. On his deathbed, Dayan Khan was ordered to inherit the throne of the Yuan Dynasty with the Chahar clan of the Changfang Changzhi as the golden family concubine. In 1632, Lin Dan Khan of the Chahar clan was defeated by the Later Jin Emperor Taiji.
In 1635, Lin Dan Khan's son Erzhe Yu surrendered to Jin with the Yuan Dynasty's imperial jade seal. In 1636, forty-nine princes of the sixteen tribes of Southern Mongolia embraced Emperor Taiji as khan, and in the same year Emperor Taiji imitated the Han system as emperor, changing the name of the Jin kingdom to Qing and changing the name of the Jurchen tribe to Manchuria. At this point, the throne of the Yuan Dynasty was equivalent to being ceded to the Qing Dynasty by Zen, and the Northern Yuan Emperor was demoted to the title of King of Chahar. During the Kangxi Dynasty, Bourni, the grandson of Lin Dan Khan, raised an army with the intention of restoring the Yuan Dynasty, but was destroyed in about two months.
After the defeat, the Northern Yuan Emperor was exterminated by the Qing Dynasty. At this point, the end of the Great Yuan Imperial Lineage, which has been passed down for five hundred years, does not mean that the history of the Golden Family has ended. As we mentioned above, the Chahar Department, which inherits the Northern Yuan Emperor lineage, is only the long house of the Golden Family. This is like Zhu Wen wantonly slaughtering Li Tang's family after the fall of the Tang Dynasty, but can you say that Li Yuan and Li Shimin did not survive? During the 289 years of the Tang Dynasty, there were so many descendants of the royal family. Zhu Wen only killed the sons of the clan who were closely related to the Tang emperor at that time.
As for those relations with the imperial family, they have been traced back to Li Yuan and Li Shimin's estranged side branches, which have long been out of the five costumes with the royal family and scattered among the people. Zhu Wen can't kill all the people with the surname Li, right? The extermination of the Mongolian Golden Family is actually the same: what was exterminated was the lineage that inherited the ancestral sacrifices of the Golden Family, and many of the branches of the Golden Family have been reproduced to this day. In fact, the Mongol princes of the Qing Dynasty were more or less of a golden family: except for King Horqin, who was a descendant of Genghis Khan's second brother Hesar, most of the other princes were direct descendants of Genghis Khan.
What's more, the four great Mongol khanates that separated from the Yuan Dynasty once ruled in today's Central Asia, West Asia, Eastern Europe and other places, so now the descendants of the Golden Family are scattered in many countries. The descendants of Kublai Khan's younger brother Hulagu are now widely distributed in West and Central Asia. The former royal family of Kazakhstan, the Woodbra family, was the last descendant of the Golden Family: Kre, a descendant of TheKhit, founded the Kazakh Khanate in the 15th century. Therefore, the royal descendants of the Kazakh Khanate, which originated from the Golden Horde, are also descendants of the Golden Family.
The descendants of the Kazakh Khan's royal family still exist today. In a paper published in 1996, the American scholar Du Lei mentioned the experience of a Kazakh who settled in Turkey. The Kazakh described his family's history this way: We are the leaders of the Kazakh herders and the descendants of the great Genghis Khan. We know our own pedigree. This is the most important thing we always remember outside of our Muslim identity. Like the Kazakh Khanate, the ruling families of the Kazan Khanate and the Crimean Khanate, which belonged to the Golden Horde system, naturally also came from the Golden Family.
The rest of the descendants of the Golden Horde, the Shaybani and Astrakhan kings of Siberia and Central Asia, were spread throughout Eurasia. Ivan the Terrible, the first Tsar of Russia of Mongolian descent, symbolically resided in Grand Duke Semyon Bukbulatovich from a golden family, and a year later he was given the throne again by Grand Duke Semyon Buick Bratović. In this childlike way, Ivan the Terrible obtained the throne of the Golden Horde and called himself the "White Emperor of the Mongols". This title, like "Roman Emperor", was inherited by successive Russian tsars.
It is worth emphasizing that the gold family requires that the patrilineal lineage must be based on the patrilineal lineage when counting descendants, and the maternal bloodline cannot be counted as the golden family. Timur, a 14th-century Mongol baruch nobleman, founded the Timurid Empire after overthrowing the Western Chagatai Khanate, but he was not a direct descendant of the Golden Family. Babur, Timur's descendant, established the last feudal dynasty in Indian history, the Mughal dynasty, in India. Since the Mughal golden family lineage was matrilineal, the Mughals were generally not considered descendants of the golden family.
Similarly, during the period of Mongol rule in Russia, there was also the phenomenon of the marriage of rus princes and the golden family. Russia's tsarist families had a golden family lineage, but the Russian royal family was generally not regarded as a descendant of the Mongolian golden family. The Russian royal family passed on the blood of the Golden Family to these countries in political marriages with European countries such as Germany, France, and Britain. Even today's British royal family has genghis Khan's blood. According to statistics, at least 16 million men in the world are currently related to Genghis Khan.