Foreword: Ming Yingzong Zhu QiZhen, the famous "Call door Tianzi" in the history of the Ming Dynasty, is very spineless, as an emperor, he cooperates with the Wallachians to deceive their own cities and pools to open the door and release thieves. There was a huge gap between Ming Ming and the great-grandfather Zhu Di and his father Zhu Zhanji, but he did not measure up to the imperial conquest. In the end, the "Change of Tumu Fort" buried a large number of Dukes and Nobles, including the JingNan Yuanxun and the British Gongzhang Fu, as well as the elite of the Ming Army, and Zhu Qizhen himself was jokingly called "the first god of war of the Ming Dynasty".
However, although this Emperor Yingzongrui is neither wise nor wise, it is not advisable for some of our experts to step on a person and ignore the historical facts when studying history. For example, for Ming Yingzong, you scolded and scolded, but some people took Zhu Qizhen's previous humiliation of locking his uncle Jiao Jing outside the right gate of Chang'an, but this horse did not consider the previous suspicions when the change of Tumu Fort came out to be loyal to the country, which is a bit excessive. Zhu Qizhen lost the battle at Tumu Fort, and it must have been unreasonable for him to deal with his uncle before? Who is this Ma Du Lieutenant Jiao Jing? What is his character? Today we will talk about it.
Ming Yingzong stills
Before talking about Jiao Jing, let's first understand the background of his brother Jiao Yi. On February 19, the second year of Xuande (1427 AD), there is a seemingly inconspicuous record in the Records of Xuanzong: "Jiao Yi was appointed as Peng Chengwei under the command of the Right Guard of the Security Guard.". From this record, the author judges that Jiao Yi was a close associate of Emperor Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji during his reign as emperor's grandson.
According to the five events played by Xue Lu, the Marquis of Yangwu in the first year of Xuande (1426 AD), the right guard of the security guard was a military town on the front line of Kaiping, and Jiao Yi, as a commander, had great responsibilities.
His Yixinghe, Security Right Guard, and Kaiping All the Way Min'an Zhubao were often invaded by the Yukou. Now Beijing should select generals to train troops, so as to be prepared. If there is a hurry, it is necessary to respond. - Ming Xuanzong Records Volume XVIII
As for Peng Chengwei, he was located in the city of Beijing and was one of several guards that were neither pro-army command division nor subordinate to the Governor's Office of the Fifth Army. After Emperor Renzong ascended the throne, his brother Zhu Gaoxuan the Prince of Zhao, in order to show his heart to his brother, handed over the left and right guards of the Zhao dynasty's palace Changshan to the imperial court. Among them, the elite soldiers were all transferred to Peng Chengwei.
In August of the first year of Xuande's reign, the rebellion of Emperor Xuanzong's second uncle, King Han, followed by the emperor's ministers of culture and military affairs who pointed out that His Majesty the Emperor's third uncle, King Zhao, was also complicit, and requested that he be punished together. In early February of Xuande's second year, King Zhao went to the imperial court and handed over the last of the Changshan guards of the Zhao Dynasty Palace. At this juncture, didn't Emperor Xuanzong suddenly turn Yi back to Beijing to take charge of Peng Chengwei (the predecessor of the Changshan Guards was Peng Chengwei), who had a deep relationship with the Zhao Dynasty Palace? When Zhu Zhanji was still the Emperor's grandson, there was a five-fold army of the Emperor's grandson in the ordinary guardhouse. And Jiao Yi must have been a figure who was deeply trusted by Saint Sun at that time.
Gengshen changed the left guard of Changshan to Yongqing Left Guard, and the right guard to Yongqing Right Guard. Select his elite non-commissioned officers to join the fu army vanguard and reinstate Peng Chengwei. —Records of Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty, Vol. IX
Stills of King Zhao
In the third year of Xuande (1428 AD), Emperor Xuanzong aimed to build three princess palaces in Jiaxing, Qingdu and Yanping south of the residences of the kings in Beijing. The Ming Dynasty Beijing Kings' Residence is located in the southeast area outside dong'an gate. Dong'an Gate is the eastern gate of the Imperial City, which no longer exists. By the way, the southern gate of the Imperial City of Beijing in the Ming Dynasty was Tiananmen, the north gate was Di'anMen, and the west gate was Xi'anmen. In November of that year, Emperor Xuanzong officially awarded his sister Princess Qingdu, and the candidate for the horse was Jiao Yi's younger brother Jiao Jing.
Princess Qingdu was born on the first day of September in the seventh year of Yongle (1409 AD), the second daughter of Emperor Renzong Zhu Gaozi, and her birth mother was Zhao Shi, and according to Yuanzhi, her name was Zhu Yuantong. In fact, Zhu Yuantong had already been crowned princess of Qingdu as early as April of the first year of Hong Xi (1425 AD), and it was reasonable to marry at that time. However, he did not expect that Emperor Renzong died suddenly in May, and the princess had to keep filial piety, which delayed the age of marriage to 20 years old.
Gengji, the princess of Qingdu, was awarded the title of Princess of Qingdu. He ordered Peng Chengwei to command Jiao Yidi to be a lieutenant of the horse and given him the commandment. — Ming Xuanzong Records Volume 48
After Jiao Jing became a donkey, he enjoyed the age of two thousand stones with the princess, and his life was very comfortable. But perhaps because he was born a warrior, Jiao's horse was quite flying. Within a few years of marriage, Jiao Jing connived at the princess's mansion to make Ruan Bang take over the official horse. Even Xuanzong was inexplicably surprised by this: "Donkey horses and noble relatives, are you willing to be a villain with one less horse?" "Just for a horse, as for?" In order to teach this brother-in-law who did not know the height of heaven and earth, Zhu Zhanji ordered him to be imprisoned in Jinyi Guard Prison and suffered for a few days.
Emperor Renzong had a total of 4 daughters who lived to adulthood, except for the eldest daughter, Princess Jiaxing, Who was the son of Ida in the Ceremony of the Civil Officials, and the others, including Jiao Jing, were from the family of military attachés. In order to educate these brothers-in-law who did not know the number of etiquette, Xuanzong assigned each of them an instructor to let them study well every day.
Ugly, the Upper Commandment said in the official department: "The number of new horses is young, and it is advisable to make the book of poetry know the etiquette and righteousness." It can be used as an example of a horse well, and the instructor is a member. So Li Ming, Jiao Jing, and Wang Yi each added one member of the school record. - Ming Xuanzong Records Volume 81
Ming Xuanzong stills
On the third day of the first lunar month of the tenth year of Xuande (1435 AD), Emperor Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji died, and the nine-year-old crown prince Zhu Qizhen succeeded to the throne, that is, Ming Yingzong. Jiao Jing's identity also changed from the emperor's brother-in-law to the emperor's uncle. Without Xuanzong's restraint, Jiao Jing went farther and farther on the road of letting go of himself.
At the end of the first year of the Orthodox Era (1436 AD), the little emperor received a report that Jiao Jing, the duke of Ma Du, was committing misconduct in Beijing. Zhu Qizhen roughly flipped through it and found that the net was some ugly things that could not be put on the table. This uncle really humiliated the royal family. So what did the coke horse do? Let's take a look.
First, Jiao Jing instructed Li Xun, deputy director of the Princess House, to open a shop near the Wenming Gate (present-day Chongwenmen, Beijing), and gathered a group of rogues posing as dental merchants to trick past traders into paying taxes.
Second, he sent his men to Maju Bridge in Wuqing County to intercept the vehicles transporting magnets and fish dates, and then used various means to take them for themselves.
Third, send household servants and horses into the place where the merchants of LiyangZhahe in Zhangjiawan are concentrated, and defraud money and goods under the guise of the princess.
Ruins of the Gate of Civilization
Wenmingmen, Wuqing County, and Zhangjiawan are all commercially developed areas around the capital, and Jiao Jing, as a donkey, instructed his subordinates to do these pitted and deceitful deeds, which is really out of order. Emperor Yingzong cried and laughed, and scolded Li Hao and the others for eighty. Although the emperor did not punish Jiao Jing in the face of Princess Qingdu, he must have left a very bad impression on this uncle in his heart.
On May 15, 1440, the fifth year of orthodoxy (1440 AD), Princess Gyeongdo died at the age of 32 and was buried in August of that year in Kuroshi Mountain. Black Stone Mountain is located in the present-day Wulituo Black Stone Village in Shijingshan District, bordering Woniutai Mountain in the north and Cuiwei Mountain in the northeast, and is the location of the Ming Dynasty Royal Cemetery.
In may of the seventh year of orthodoxy (1442 AD), Emperor Yingzong was married, and in October his grandmother Empress Dowager Zhang died, and the emperor himself was finally able to take the throne. Losing the protection of the princess and the empress dowager, Jiao's horse unfortunately became the object of Zhu Qizhen's use to establish his power.
Cheng, the six branches and thirteen impeachments of the horse capital Lieutenant Jiao Jing was left behind to guard the people's booty, and indulged in private debts. The fate was honored at the right gate of Chang'an. — Ming Yingzong Records Volume 111
According to the old system of Taizu Hongwu: "Officials above the level of civil and military personnel inside and outside the prince are not allowed to lend money." Previously, Zhu Qizhen's brother-in-law, Princess Shunde, and Princess Shijing, violated the ban, and the emperor had already stated that in the future, those who committed crimes would not be guilty. I didn't expect jiao jing, who didn't open his eyes, to send himself to the door, who wouldn't open his knife if he didn't take your knife? However, according to the records, Jiao Jing committed the crime in early December of the eighth year of orthodoxy (1443 AD), but Emperor Yingzong did not forgive his sins until February of the following year. Could it be that for three months, Jiao's horse had to be shackled outside the right gate of Chang'an every day? The right gate of Chang'an, located on the east side of Tiananmen Square, is a necessary place for officials to go to the court every day. From this point of view, the humiliation suffered by Jiao Jing is indeed beyond imagination.
Forbidden city
In October of the Tenth Year of Orthodoxy (1445 AD), Zhu Yong, the son of Zhu Neng, the founder of Jingnan, Taibao, and Duke of Chengguo, made a list of people who stole sharp and slippery when they were instructed to practice riding and shooting, including Jiao Jing, a donkey horse. In June of the thirteenth year of orthodoxy (1448 AD), Jiao Ma received another fine from Emperor Yingzong: one year of suspension of pay. The reason is also very simple, this horse master does not clock in at work, and is caught by the boss.
Judging from Jiao Jing's performance in Xuande and the Orthodox Dynasty, did Emperor Yingzong have problems dealing with him? Nothing wrong with that. However, the time soon came to the fourteenth year of orthodoxy (1449 AD), and a storm was brewing that would have an impact on the entire court order.
In early July, the Ming court received information that The Wallachians intended to invade the border. On July 11, the Wala army invaded from the three directions of Liaodong, Xuanfu, and Datong. This is a great opportunity for Yingzong, who has always longed to regain the glory of his ancestors. Therefore, he ignored the advice of the minister of culture and military affairs in the court, and decided to march in person. On July 15, the Ming army rushed out on the battlefield, and the emperor's younger brother Zhu Qiyu (朱祁钰) the Prince of Qi and his uncle Jiao Jing (焦敬), the duke of Qima( 郕都尉), were ordered to live in Beijing.
Shang: "What the secretary of state and others said is loyal to the king and patriotic." But the thieves have gone against the grain of heaven and have committed crimes against the border and killed and plundered the army and the people. The generals were tired of asking the soldiers to rescue them, and they had to personally lead the soldiers to suppress them. —Ming Yingzong Records Volume 180
During Emperor Xuanzong's rebellion against the King of Han, his younger brothers King Zheng and King Xiang and Yuan Rongju (袁容), the duke of Qima, were guarding Beijing. Therefore, for The King of Qi and Jiao Jing, they thought that this time they were just walking through the motions. However, no one expected that just one month later, the main force of the Ming army would collapse in the entire line of Tumu Fort, almost all the ministers of civil and military affairs would be martyred, and the emperor himself would be captured by the Wallachians.
In the nearly one hundred years since the founding of the Ming Dynasty, it has never faced such a crisis. At that time, the people in the capital were worried, and the minister of culture and military affairs was "crying in the dynasty", and no one knew what to do next. At the insistence of Yu Qian, a soldier's attendant, the Ming court unified his thinking and prepared to hold the capital, while calling on the world's soldiers and horses to serve the king. Under heavy pressure, Jiao Jingzhi, who had previously hanged Er Lang Dang, put forward a rationalization suggestion to the King of Qi, which was a rare highlight moment in his life.
Yi Ugly, Jiao Jing, a lieutenant of the Horse Capital, said: "The car has not returned, and the fear of thieves is approaching the Beijing Division." Officials, military and civilians who can bravely strategize and surprise victors all listen to the official report. There are those who can kill thieves and those who can help each other, and they are not rewarded. There were people lurking in the city pass to listen to the news, And Xu Jinyiwei and the five cities soldiers and horses were punished. "Wang Ling's ministry of ceremonies showed that many people knew about it. —Ming Yingzong Records Volume 181
The old brother-in-law suddenly sentenced the two of them, which obviously surprised Zhu Qiyu, the king of Qi. It seems that under pressure, foreign relatives who were previously useless can also burst out of infinite power. Since the main force of the Beijing army was lost in tumu fort, Yu Qian and others used the second-line Ming army in Beijing to reorganize the three battalions. Among them, Shi Heng, who had made meritorious contributions to the crime, was in charge of the camp training, Zhao Rong, the bo of Xincheng, was in charge of the three thousand battalions, and Jiao Jing, the lieutenant of the Horse Capital, was in charge of the Shenji battalion. In October of that year, the Wallachian army entered the capital, and Jiao Jingfeng ordered (by this time, King Wu had ascended the throne as emperor and Emperor Yingzong had become Emperor Taishang) to inspect the four gates of the imperial city. However, Jiao Jing was able to make such a leap forward, it is estimated that it is because his elder brother Jiao Yi has some guidance behind his back. Because the Ming army rewarded the merits after repelling the Wallachians, Jiao Yi was able to command the Shudu and manage the weizi hand exercises. The Weizi Hand Battalion was subordinate to the Fifth Army Battalion, and its status was obviously higher than that of Peng Chengwei.
Jingtai Emperor stills
Since this high-light performance, Jiao Jing's image status in the mind of the Jingtai Emperor Zhu Qiyu has greatly improved, and in the following years, he not only undertook the heavy responsibility of representing the emperor's canonization of the imperial family, but also took charge of the Zongren Mansion. In the second year of Jingtai (1451 AD), the imperial court received news that Zhu Huixuan, the king of Guangtong, and Zhu Huixuan, the king of Yangzong, were plotting rebellion. In order to find out the truth, the old uncle Jiao Jing went out of the horse and took the internal official Li Chun to Huguang Wugang Prefecture to investigate. Of course, no one could have imagined that this long trip would become a Waterloo for Jiao Ma himself.
Zhu Huixuan the Prince of Guangtong and Zhu Huixuan the Prince of Yangzong were the sons of Zhu Hui, the Prince of Minzhuang, and the grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang, the grandson of Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang. Their affairs were actually very simple, mainly because they were at odds with their second brother, Zhu Hui, the king of Zhennan, and thus forced into a corner. After the request to move to Lingling County was rejected by Emperor Jingtai, the brothers could only take the risk and join forces with the Miao people to rebel. In December of that year, King Guangtong and King Yangzong were deposed as Shuren and sent Fengyang to guard the ancestral tombs.
For Jiao Jing, this time the south was in the limelight, and the errand was extremely successful. However, no one expected that Jiao's greedy and cheap nature would not change, and there was a contradiction between him and his fellow internal official Li Chun because of the uneven distribution of the spoils. Li Chun was originally a zhenshou henan internal official, because of his misdeeds in the local area, he was ordered by the inspector yushi to participate in a book and jumped back to the capital. This time, letting him go to Wugang Prefecture with Jiao Jing was obviously also a chance to make meritorious atonement.
As a result, when Jiao Jing took bribes all the way to the south, Wugang Prefecture then instructed Li Zhen to blackmail Zhu Huixuan, the king of Zhennan, and the garrison Wugang Prefecture Bureau to command Bi Tong and other people involved in the case. However, due to the uneven distribution of the spoils, the relationship between the two broke down, and after returning to Beijing, they attacked each other and suddenly became the laughing stock of the government and the opposition.
Zhu Qiyu stills
Behind Li Chun was the eunuch forces, and after eating such a dumb loss, he was willing to give up, not to mention that Jiao's horse was already a big braid. In the third year of Jingtai (1452 AD), after the internal officials had collected evidence, Ruan Zhong, the governor of Duzhi Zuo, sent out a small report to Emperor Jingtai. Zhu Qiyu was furious and not only ordered Jiao Jing to be imprisoned, but also disqualified him from being in charge of the Clan Mansion.
Gengchen, the internal official Nguyễn Trần Nguyễn Nguyễn Đồng Đại Đại The Six Branches of the Edict and the ThirteenThRay punish him for his sins. The next law division agreed to redeem the staff and return to his post, and the order was forbidden. - Records of Emperor Ming Yingzong, Vol. 219, Appendix 37 of the Deposed Emperor Wu Wang.
Emperor Yingzong was restored and blessed by misfortune
In the first month of the eighth year of Jingtai (1457 AD), the Taishang Emperor Zhu Qizhen took advantage of Emperor Jingtai's illness to launch a coup d'état and regain the throne. After Emperor Mingying ascended the throne for the second time, he paid great attention to wooing the clan, his relatives, and Xun Gui, and his old uncle Jiao Jing, who had fallen out of favor in the Jingtai Dynasty, was blessed by misfortune and revived the second spring under Zhu Qizhen. After Zhu Qizhen captured the gate, he changed the eighth year of Jingtai to the first year of Tianshun, and on the twenty-first day of the first month, he sent people to the Taimiao Temple, the tombs of the three former emperors of Taizong, Renzong, and Xuanzong, as well as the fact that taizu's god lord officially announced the fact that he had ascended the throne and changed the yuan, and Jiao Jing was one of the candidates.
Jiao Jing, the lieutenant of Ma Du, sent a tribute to incense coins, and told Emperor Taizugao and Empress Xiaocigao: "Qi Zhen is not virtuous, and cannot flatter the first training." After reigning for ten or five years, Zhongzhong died and retired to the Nangong for another seven years. Than his brother Qi Yu was ill and could not look at the dynasty. The government is indecisive, and the people's hearts are suspicious. In Tingwen Wuqun's courtiers, with the great plan of the clan society, they worked together to welcome the town of Qi. The Prime Minister has a few thousand to secure the world. On the seventeenth day of the first month of this year, he simply announced the heavens and the earth, the Jongmyo Temple, and the Sheji, and restored the emperor's throne. Amnesty changed to yuan, a new government. All depend on the spirit of the ancestors in heaven, and the shadow of the trizone. Cherish it in your arms and never forget it. Zit respectfully extended the offering. —Ming Yingzong Records Volume 274
Zhu Qizhen was well aware of Jiao Jing's greedy and small personality, but when the Xiaoling Tomb in Nanjing and the Imperial Tomb in Fengyang needed to be repaired, he sent his old uncle to supervise the work. It doesn't matter whether he is greedy or not, as long as he is loyal to the king.
Stills of the Change of Doors
Conclusion: On December 15, the second year of Chenghua (1466 AD), Jiao Jing, the duke of Tuoma, died. This horse military attaché was born, his culture was not high, and he was full of the tacky atmosphere of the city villains. Although Emperor Yingzong did not have a high evaluation among the emperors of the Ming Dynasty, did he do something wrong with Jiao Jing? Through the analysis of this article, he did not do wrong. It should be known that his father Xuanzong and his younger brother Emperor Jingtai were even more ruthless, which directly put Jiao Jing in prison.
When Jiao Jing's brother Jiao Yi died, the history books do not contain. However, in April of the second year of Jingtai, the imperial court ordered Jiao Yi's younger brother Jiao Zhengxuan to be made the commander of Peng Chengwei, who had already died.
In addition, an interesting story, the Ming Dynasty had previously sent a horse to Tianshou Mountain to sacrifice the Taizong Changling Tomb, the Renzong Xianling Tomb and the Xuanzong Jingling Mausoleum, and the officials of the various yamen accompanied the ceremony. But after Emperor Yingzong's death, Tianshou Mountain had another Yuling. Officials of the Ministry of Ceremonies pointed out that the four mausoleums were far apart, and the officials ran back and forth, not without losing their dignity. Therefore, Emperor Mingxianzong, who succeeded to the throne, decided to have jiaojing and Xue Huan lead the officials to divide the ceremonies of each mausoleum, and this became the norm.