"Autumn Song": The Ultimate Song of Mourning

Wang Yunren (1784-1850), also spelled Mengtang, was a native of Xuyi County in the Qing Dynasty. He mourned the iron-hearted lady Zhang Yaoniang's gezhi group poem "Autumn Fang Yin", "Words and words of blood, sound and tears, touching the heart, tears." The poem was widely circulated in the folk and has been copied for more than 200 years, but it has not yet been completed. With its artistic charm of love, truth, reality, cutness, loyalty, faith, elegance, and da, it has touched generation after generation" (Zhou Yuanlong, "Fun Poems", p. 282).

The pursuit of free love, the tragedy of the love between the talented son and the singer

In the early spring of the eleventh year of Jiaqing, the snow on Xuyi Tiantai Mountain first melted, and the stream was muddy. Wang Yunren, a talented man with a prosperous style, returned from the county school and met Zhang Yaoniang, and the two talked happily, and they hated each other late. Previously, Wang Yun let his parents arrange it, and he was betrothed to the Wu clan in Tongli, and he was not yet married. Wu is a rich lady, but the twisted melon is not sweet, and Wang Yunren and her always feel that words are not speculative and have no common language. The young and beautiful Yao Niang has received a good education since childhood, and she is well-known in chess and piano paintings, lively and cheerful, and Wang Yunren feels that she has met Zhiyin. Yao Niang died of her father's illness, the family road declined, forced by life, by selling singing for a living, and relying on her mother for her life. At that time, the singer was known as a dramatist, with a low status and was despised by mainstream society, so Wang Yunren did not dare to tell her father about this. The two often meet and pour out their admiration. Soon, the love affair was discovered, Gongsheng's father was a celebrity in the local area, the expectations for his son were very high, thinking that the son was talented and had a promising future, and falling in love with a drama was not only humiliating to the lintel, but also self-destructive, so he was strictly reprimanded and ordered to cut off contact. In the face of heavy resistance, the two did not compromise and continued to communicate secretly. When the father found out, he was furious, and many fierce conflicts broke out between father and son.

Wang Yunren and Zhang Yaoniang were still in contact. With the encouragement of Zhang Yaoniang, Jiaqing twelve years, only 23-year-old Wang Yunren Zhongju, the news came, sensationalized the whole Xuyi. Such a young lifter has never appeared in the history of Xuyi. The Wang clan celebrated and was very lively. After the middle move, Wang Yunren became a local celebrity, but despite the ridicule of the world, he still had a deep affection for Zhang Yaoniang, and the two respected each other like a puppet, often chanting poems and playing chess together, and their feelings were very strong.

In the thirteenth year of Jiaqing (1808), Wang Yunren went to Beijing to take the entrance examination and was named Sun Shan. After returning, Yao Niang soothed Yun Ren's lonely heart with her secret tenderness, and her red sleeves added incense, often accompanying her to read until late at night. Three years later, when it was time for Dabi again, Yao Niang asked to accompany Yun Ren to Beijing to take the exam. Along the way, Yao Niang washed and cooked for Yun Ren, repaired clothes and socks, and sang for Yun Ren to eliminate the loneliness and fatigue of the journey. After arriving in Beijing, Yao Niang took on all the housework and let Yun Ren prepare for the exam. Due to the busyness and water and soil, Yao Niang soon fell ill, coughing, coughing, coughing, and getting heavier and heavier every day. In order not to distract Yun Ren, she tried her best to conceal her illness, and also burned incense in front of the Buddha statue every day to pray for Yun Ren's blessing. As a result, Yun Ren still fell off the list. When the news came, Yao Niang's condition deteriorated rapidly and she was bedridden. Yun Ren poured his heart to save him, visited famous doctors in the capital, and finally failed to save Yao Niang's life. When yao niang, who was only twenty-two years old, died in a foreign land, Yun Ren rubbed his chest and feet, grief-stricken, and regretted it.

The broken intestines wept blood, and the remnants of spring cried until the autumn wind was cold

On the long road of the coffin returning to his hometown, Wang Yunren's liver and intestines were broken, and he cried long songs, and wrote thirty mourning poems "Autumn Song Yin". The first is the general outline, which sets a strong sad tone for the whole group of poems:

Haggard autumn heart in the middle of the night, wet clouds and rain pressure lonely canopy. Tinghua shore grass is as thin as a person, and the dance fan song skirt is empty of water. The incense returns to the remnants of the soul into a dream, and the poem is titled in the past to say that the work is sad. The blood spilled out of the cavity, staining the frost maple a few trees red.

The wind and rain are bitter, the dark clouds are rolling, and the lonely boat carrying Yao Niang's coffin on the canal flutters with the wind. The poet fell off the list and lost his lover, screamed for heaven and earth, was sad and indignant, and his heart turned into a song of mourning. The second to tenth poems describe Yao Niang's critical illness, death, weeping, burial, soul summoning, sacrifice, and coffin transportation. Yao Niang's condition worsened, "ten perfect magic hands doctor no technique, a petal of heart incense Buddha prayer" (the fifth), the doctor is helpless. "Remembering the danger of reducing jade, the poor hand was wet with tears. There is a medicine for rebirth that is difficult to drive, until death is speechless and afraid of annoying Nong" (part 2), the poet clasped Yao Niang's hand, tears stained his chest; Yao Niang was afraid that he would be sad, and did not hum until he died. After knowing each other for six years, the two have a very good relationship, "more than wings and birds roost and branches, usually can't bear to leave for a day" (part four), but now "in the middle of the night, the heart is sad and long goodbye, six years of grace are exhausted" (seven), "twenty-two years of huahua is easy to rest, three thousand miles away from mourning" (ten). Yao Niangke died in a foreign land and became a lonely ghost, and the poet asked bitterly: "Is the soul returning to know the home mountain, and the moon is faint and faint?" (Second), worried that Yao Niang's soul could not find her way home. What a lament!

The middle ten songs of "Autumn Fang Yin" focus on the experience of meeting, falling in love with and combining with Zhang Yaoniang. "Rejoice in the fact that the world has been wronged, and is willing to abandon the loving mother and marry the king and grandson." And cut the hair with a knife to leave a fragrant color, and the poems inscribed by The FishPa are stained with tear marks" (thirteen), "The wind has not been afraid of ridicule, and the words are like lacquer glue" (thirteen), the two fell in love at first sight, regardless of the opposition of their parents, not afraid of the ridicule of the world, resolutely combined together, playing chess, drinking, drinking tea, chanting poems, filling in words and singing, and spending many good times. In the spring, Yao Niang went to the South Garden to pick flowers and grasses and dye her skirts green; in winter, she first went into the quilt to warm the quilt, and waited for Wang Yunren, who was reading hard in the cold window, to go to bed. Wang Yunren went to participate in the township examination, Zhang Yaoniang lived alone in Zhuhu, the heavy door was closed, thinking about it day and night, and everything was shanshan, until he returned, before he could lift his eyebrows and smile. The twentieth song is a summary and summary of the good life:

A song to dispel the soul remembers Qin E, and fills in new words to give to the song. Invite Sister Yue in front of the boiling bar, call the tea sill outside the Qianying Brother. At first, the spring dream flowers knocked on the household, and watched the autumn star Magpie River. With such a beautiful scenery and young age, how many times can life be spent?

Yao Niang can sing and dance, Wang Yunren filled in a song for her "Remembering Qin'e", and she sang loudly. After singing, they boiled wine again to enjoy the moon. Watching the flowers together in the spring, looking at the cowherd Vega in the autumn night, talking about beautiful myths and legends, this is their most memorable time, but unfortunately it is too short.

The last ten poems of "Autumn Fang Yin" express their endless thoughts and unsolvable pain, "New poems and tears write frost, a word begins to become a bloody addition" (twenty-nine), "Cruel spring cries until the autumn wind is cold, and the reward is full of tears" (twenty-two); lyrics about the loneliness and desolation of widows, "Waking up in the middle of the night, the moon falling, no one asks Liu Qiqing" (twenty-two); telling the tragic life of Yao Niang, "like a cold flower weak, want to wither and narcissistic withered vines." A lifetime of difficult fish to bait, Wanli yi people and birds to avoid the pillar" (twenty-five); recall Yao Niang holding the illness to mend her own clothes, the same tour of The Lugou Bridge, "the same car once remembered to cross the Lugou, twilight rain and morning frost accompanied me to swim. Chopping board Yakan charge travel garnet, bonfire pro for the supplement qiu" (twenty-six); write Yao Niang concerned about the results of the exam, ask the Buddha for protection, "care about the number of rui list advances, audit head lotus platform whispering" (twenty-six). The last poem is a summary:

The drizzle is wet and the twilight sails are sad as the grass. Pity this day the intestines are broken, and it is said that the mouth is tight. Half a life drifted zero song white ramie, three more tears stained green shirts. The bow of the ship groaned and wept in the coffin, and this hatred was reborn.

This poem echoes the First Prime Minister, expressing the sorrow and hatred of losing Yao Niang. The thirty-first poem of the Manuscript of the Autumn Fang Yin is a forgery of posterity, because historical records say that it has only thirty pieces, and its content contradicts the previous works.

Compared with Pan Yue's "Mourning Poems", Yuan Shu's "Sending Sorrows", Su Shi's "Dreams of the Twentieth Night of the Twentieth Day of the First Month of Jiang Chengzi", Naran Sexde's "Nanxiangzi Inscription for the Dead Woman" and "Golden Silk Song • The Feeling of the Dead Woman's Death Day", "Autumn Song Yin" has three characteristics: one body and new example. It is arranged in the order of thirty rhymes, one rhyme after another, which is the first in the history of Chinese poetry. Two large scales. Mourning poems are generally one to several, while the "Autumn Song" group of poems is as long as thirty. The three contents are wide. Not only write about the grief after death, but also write about the sorrow and joy of acquaintance and love. Four styles are diverse. Some are somber, some are peaceful, some are elegant, some are popular, and they can be called the best songs of mourning.

This hatred is endless

Wang Yunren transported Yao Niang back to her hometown and buried her in the beautiful Shuinan Village in the south of Xuyi City, where she had visited together before her death. He blamed himself deeply, could not forgive his mistakes, and could not come out of his grief for many years.

In the twenty-second year of Jiaqing, Wang Yun served as a zhongjinshi, and the following year he went to Renzhi County, Panyu, Guangdong, far away from his hometown, to remember Yao Niang, and asked the painter at that time to paint a portrait to relieve his longing. Wang Yunren has always been thinking of Zhang Yaoniang, and spent fifteen years before and after, picking strange flowers and grasses in various places, transporting them back to Xuyi, and building a garden at the site of Yaoniang's tomb, which is called the "Wang Garden" of the first garden in the north of the Qing Dynasty by Linqing, the governor of Nanhe Road and the governor of Liangjiang. In the twenty-second year of Daoguang, Wang Yun allowed Shandong to be transferred to the imperial court as a senator of the General Secretary of Communications, took a boat north along the canal, touched the scenery, felt a thousand emotions, and asked the painter to repaint the portrait of Yao Niang when he arrived at the Lu River, and asked his friends to write poems. Wang Yinhuai's "Title Cloud Hall Summoning Iron Map" Yun: "The two Guangdong and Three Rivers eunuchs follow, and it is always difficult to leave the old man for a day." Wu Sha said pity to herself, and Jasper thought back to when she was not married. Oath night private love wind and bird listening, endure the cold firmly believe in Xuemeizhi. Only sad Qianying is imitated in the picture, and it is difficult to xiao Xiao ileum ten thousand kinds of delusions. This poem tells wang Yunren's hard-bones longing for Zhang Yaoniang over the years. In another poem, Wang Yinhuai said: "The zodiac re-exhibits the autumn of the lotus flowers, and the old friend Guanzhai talks about the past." On this day, the flag was in full swing, and the river boat was stormy in that year. Fenghou Hui's eyes were green-eyed, and his demented dementia was white-headed. Bingpa whispered a gentle song, and Cuimei smiled and said with sorrow" ("Retitled Zhang Yaoniang's Portrait"), looking back on the past, describing the deep feelings between Wang Zhang and Wang, and pinning wang Yunren's infinite mourning.

On the seventh day of May in the 29th year of Daoguang, Wang Yunren died in Beijing. According to his last wishes, his family buried him on the side of Zhang Yaoniang's tomb in Wang Garden, and planted an acacia tree. Soon, the acacia trees are leafy and intertwined with each other. Although he married a wife and two concubines, Yao Niang was the favorite of his life, and he missed her the most in his life, and no one could replace her in his heart.

The spread and influence of "Autumn Song"

After the publication of "Autumn Fang Yin", it was widely praised by the scholar class and widely disseminated. Volume V of Yao Yuanzhi's "Miscellaneous Records of Bamboo Leaf Pavilion" of the Qing Dynasty records That Yun: "Zhang Ji, Xuyi Wang Mengtang observed Yun Ren Aijiye, died early. Wang Gu is deep in the lover, and thinks differently. Du Zhongyou called it 'cocoon', saying that its amorous entanglement was like a cocoon, and Wang was nicknamed Cocoon. Jia Bo Shan Tai Shou wrote a biography for Ji, and Wang Guizhou sang thirty long laws, known as "Autumn Ship Yin". "There are "Yao Boshan Anthology" in the libraries of Beijing, Shanghai and other places, and the author has gone to check it, but has not seen the "Biography of Zhang Yaoniang".

The famous Qing Dynasty playwright Zhong Zhenlu read "Qiu Fang Yin" and was deeply moved, so he created a script based on the love story of Wang Yunren and Zhang Yaoniang, "The Legend of Ice Silk Pa", which was published in two volumes and twenty-four, and was put on the stage to perform, becoming a good story in the literary world.

Nearly two hundred years after the circulation of "Qiu Fang Yin" in the form of a manuscript, in 1992, Mr. Sun Yongkuan, an old cadre of Xuyi, compiled and printed the book "Qiu Fang Yin and the Crane Garden" at his own expense. For example, the Anhui poet Mr. Ji Weizhuang has a word cloud:

Nanxiangzi • Night Reading Xuyi Wang Mengtang's "Autumn Song Yin"

Lonely hanging Fang Ling, it is difficult to give up Yao Niang's unrequited love. Ten Mile Xucheng stunning place, Lou Ting, flower appearance ice posture jade bone.

The moon is lilac and purple, and the night is clear and clear. That Ji Xian Fan is separated from life and death, Xianqing, and the marriage in the next life is now continued.

Mr. Qu Yang read Ji Weizhuang's words and was full of emotion, and Bu Yuanyun wrote a poem:

Lan Fang sent a vain spirit, and the iron bone boy did not live up to his feelings. Dream tosson Mountain Lianli tree, Tingting, autumn rain stirs people tears.

The rhymes are mournful, and the supa is red and silky. Purple bamboo wind and shadow in the air, Qingqing, the world of Huangquan asked each other.

The artistic charm of "Autumn Song" can be seen from these works.