On March 6, 2018, with the help of Yangchun March, the day when the grass was long and the grass was flying and the flowers were in full bloom, I and Qian Jianghong, deputy director of the Li Shutong Memorial Hall in Pinghu City, Wang Weijun, assistant director of the Li Shutong Memorial Hall, Wu Gang, host of the "Danghu Academy" program of Pinghu Radio and chairman of the Danghu Academy, and Xuexian, abbot of Guangchen Puzhao Zen Temple, came to Dyedian Bridge Village, Zhapu Town, Jiaxing Port District, and visited the cultural auditorium of Dyeing Dianqiao Village - Shu Tong Hometown, Shu Tong Memorial Square, and the former residence of Wang Fengling, the biological mother of Li Shu Tong on Zhapu Banmu Street. All the way to visit, the scenery is endless. It is gratifying that Li Shutong's hometown, Dye shop bridge village, built a memorial square for uncle tong in the "dye shop garden", which should be said to be the best nostalgia for the master among the villagers. In the exhibition hall of the historical sites of Shu tong Memorial Square, I can't help but recall that for more than thirty years, I have been persistently studying and searching for one past after another in Shu Tong's hometown, from exploring and verifying Shu Tong's ancestral heritage to visiting Shu Tong's hometown, from examining the life of Shu Tong's biological mother Wang Fengling and Wang Fengling's former residence, from shouting to start the construction of Li Shu Tong Memorial Hall in Pinghu City, to running around to participate in the preparation of Li Shu Tong Memorial Hall, during which the bittersweet and bittersweet experience i experienced are now gushing into my heart, and the past is vivid in my eyes, which makes me reminisce endlessly and worth remembering. I also have to spit it out now.
(1) Visiting Uncle Li's hometown
I studied Uncle Li and his ancestors in Pinghu quite early. At the beginning of 1983, when I went to Shanghai to visit Mr. Xu Gongshi, an associate professor of Shanghai Normal University and a xianxian of Pinghu Township, he showed me the literary and historical materials of Li Shutong (Master Hongyi), saying that now some people want to deny Li Shutong's ancestral hometown of "Zhejiang Pinghu people" and ask me to participate in the exploration of his ancestral hometown. I started with the urban area of Pinghu, gradually extended to the townships and towns of Pinghu, visited villages and households, did not fear cold and heat, did not avoid hardships, and visited the Li clan of the Pinghu wang clan one by one.
Li Tianzhi, one of the three great masters in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, a native of Zhapu Town, Pinghu County, was known as a patriotic poet of high character. The author went to Zhapu and first consulted the Fangzhi of Zhapu: Li Tianzhi, there is indeed his person, the word is in Zhong, the name is changed to The Truth, the number of the Mirage Garden resident, Ming Chongzhen lifts people. Then visit the local elderly and find the former site of the "Lee's Mirage". Next, inquire about the Li family and their descendants. Li Zhen, the son of Li Tianzhi, was also affected by it, and also abandoned all sentient beings and returned to the hidden mountains and forests, without a queen. His heir, Li Yi, loved to travel through the landscape and rivers, and in his later years he traveled to Northern Yan and Southern Chu. From his son Li Weiguang, from Sun Li Qingyi, from his great-grandson Li Xizhen, all were all sentient beings, and after the Ming and Qing Dynasties, their whereabouts were unknown and could not be investigated.
Then, I went to Xindai Town to visit the Li clan of The River, and according to the retired teacher Li Zaizheng, according to the "Li Family Tree", the Li clan of Wuxin Daihe was descended from Li Yuan, the ancestor of Tang Gaozu. Ancestors moved from Fuchun to cultivate and read heirlooms, and the heirs were ranked in the lineage with "Wen Yi Dao is the heirloom treasure of the family", but it was only passed down to the "Dao" character generation, and the following is not according to the character generation. There are also no expatriates in Tianjin.
After that, I have traveled to all the townships and towns in the county, and time has gone to as much as one or two years, and I have come into contact with many people surnamed Li, who are not on the right number, and really have the feeling of "the mountains and rivers are full of doubts and no way". But I have a "don't see the Yellow River heart does not die" spirit! At this time, someone reminded me: "There is also a large household surnamed Li in the dye shop bridge outside the north gate of Zhapu", I immediately rushed to the dye shop bridge, found several old people of the Li family, after several interviews, I learned that the origin of this Li family is extraordinary, a little eyebrows, at this time, there is a feeling of "living water for the source".
According to Li Tianlin (born in 1917), Li Xuelin (born in 1918), Li Xiujuan (female, born in 1917), Li Pinxian (female, born in 1919), and other six or seven elderly people, such as Li Tianlin (born in 1917), Li Pinxian (female, born in 1919), "Our distant ancestors originally went to the Li clan of YuanHua Town, Haining County. In the last year of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing soldiers entered the customs and invaded Jiangnan, and Several large households such as Zhu, Cha, Dong, Chen, Wang, and Li of Yuan Hua of Haining organized township braves to carry out self-defense and resist the Qing soldiers, and they were victorious in battle, and the Qing soldiers were defeated many times. Later, under the unification of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, the Qing court sent Qing soldiers to counterattack and arrest the culprits, and the leaders of the shushen, Cha Jizuo, Haojie Chen Fanliang, and other leaders, were all arrested and imprisoned; another leader, Wang Youqian (Wu Jinshi, former deputy commander-in-chief of Su Song), after the defeat of the army, hid in the monastery and cut his hair as a monk; the brothers of the Wu Li clan fled Yuan Hua, went into exile in Zhapu, hid their names in anonymity, first made a living selling cloth on the streets, and then because the Qing court hunted down the anti-Qing righteous soldiers, the wind was very tight, and immediately took refuge in the countryside outside the North Gate to help the peasants to do short-term work and do chores to survive. Because of the prevalence of weaving native cloth in this area, Li's brothers waited until the situation was stable, and they made a living from the family's unique art of dyeing cloth. The white adobe cloth woven by the farmers is dyed black, the process is unique, the coloring is firm, it is not faded, it is praised by the villagers near and far, the customers are coming, the business is booming, the family business is gradually rich, and the land is gradually becoming a market, named "Dye Shop Bridge Town". According to Qing Daoguang's "Zhapu Bizhi", "During the reign of Qing Shunzhi, the Dye Shop Bridge has become a market. ”
Zhapu, with a long history, was called the capital of Sino-foreign trade on the southeast coast of China. In the sixth year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1667), the Qing court specially allowed Zhapu to trade with Nagasaki, Japan. Later, it was listed as the main port of China's foreign trade, according to the "Zhapu Jiushan Chronicle": "The traders who came to Zhapu were Japan, Ryukyu, Annam, Siam, Java, Luzon, Bunlang, Mashin and other countries and regions. "At the beginning of the opening of the port, the export of Southeast Asian countries was mainly made of soil cloth and agricultural and sideline products." At that time, a group of Fujian merchants came to Zhapu to operate native cloth, and purchased a large number of white adobe cloth from Songjiang, Jiaxing and Heping Lake, and exported them to Nanyang after dyeing. The white cloth dyeing is all contracted by the dyeing shop Lee's family. In order to facilitate the dyeing, the Li family set up a branch of the Li family dye shop in the Zhapu North Gate Suspension Bridge. Li Tianlin and other elderly people recalled that when he was young, he had heard the "Old Man Xiang (Gong)" who was born in the Daoguang years say that when he was young, he heard his father say that the wooden frame that was dried in the early years stretched from the north of the Dye Shop Bridge to the south of the river port, which showed the large scale of operation. Zhapu is the gateway of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, the sea fortress, the people of the five parties, all walks of life according to the place of origin, industry to form the same township hall, public office and Yiyuan as many as 31, ranking the highest in the country. Among them, the Fuzhou travel merchant Jiang Jugong is equal to the "Buhuiguan" (also known as the Sanshan Guild Hall) created by kangxi in the forty-eighth year (1709), which is an imitation palace-style building with a tin gourd on the roof and weighing 600 to 700 pounds. The cloth hall is dedicated to the goddess of protection, which is one of the earliest guild halls in the country, which shows the prosperity of Zhapu commerce and the prosperity of the cloth industry at that time. After arriving in Qianjia, the foreign cloth was dumped, the export of the soil cloth was tired, and Li Shi judged the situation and changed to salt affairs (Hangzhou Bay Luli Salt Field Shuikou Lijia Farm) and sauce garden. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, according to the fact that the countryside of Pinghu lake was the key rapeseed producing area of our province, it successively opened three oil trucks (that is, oil mills, one in Dyedian Town, one in Zhapu North Gate Suspension Bridge, and the other in Hongniyan Market), and became the "Zhejiang West Ju Ethnic Group". After the Li family settled in Zhapu, it was divided into three rooms, and the Li family hall was named "Hundred Ninja Hall" to encourage themselves. At that time, in the town of Dye Shop, there were many shops and the city was prosperous. According to the recollections of the Li clan, the Li family once built four deep mansion compounds with daiwa powder walls in the dye shop town, called "upper house", "middle house", "oil truck house" and "newly built house". Later, due to the reproduction of descendants, the four compounds were gradually demolished and rebuilt after the 1970s.
With the passage of time, the descendants of the Li clan in Dyedian Town multiplied and lived together, so the land was also known as Li Jiadai. The Li clan scrupulously abided by the ancestral precepts, paid attention to the ancestral style, also Confucianism and shang, and passed down the poetry and rituals, and has been moving from the ancestors to the present for more than 350 years. Nowadays, there are more than 80 households of Li descendants in Dyedian Bridge Town (Li Jiadai), most of whom are farmers, but also from businessmen, from religion, from the army, and from politics, but they are all descendants of the big house and the third house, when inquired about the descendants of the second house, according to Li Tianlin and other elderly people, "Listening to the ancestors, my Li clan and the Cha clan of Yuan Hua Town in Haining are both Zhejiang Xiwang clan, and they have been friends since the Ming and Qing dynasties. Later, although I Li clan had moved to Zhapu, the two sides had exchanges with each other, and in the past they were still close, until the Japanese invaded China and the traffic was blocked, and they lost contact. The old people also said: "Around the time of the Qing Dynasty, when the second house went to the north to do business, he was introduced by the Haining Yuan Huacha clan to buy a house in Changlu and settle in Tianjin. According to the "Haining Cha Clan Examination Strategy": "Cha Yun, Zi Bo Kui, Yuan Huaren, Qing Jiaqing Ninth Year (1804) raised people, appointed Yongping Zhi County, the official to Luanzhou Zhizhou, Hebei" (Tianjin Old City North Road Hengdri has cha old residence, its descendants Zha Liangjie, Liang Ming, Liang Zhao, Liang Zheng [Mu Dan] and so on are self-signed "ancestral Haining"). According to this inference, Li Shu and his ancestors received help from the Cha clan during this period, and set up a salt field in the Luan Prefecture Governor Lu Salt Field to operate salt affairs to get rich, and Li Kun and Li Rui of the second house moved to Tianjin with their fathers.
The above historical facts, the author once wrote to Mr. Wang Weizeng of the Tianjin Democratic League in 1986 to ask Mr. Li Duan, the second son of the transfer master, to verify. Mr. Li Duan replied that it was basically consistent with my Li family history. When I was a child, I heard my family's old nanny, Mother Wang, say that my family's ancestral home was Pinghu, Zhejiang, and the ancestors were dyed with cloth, and the rolling pin used today was originally a scratching stick for dyeing cloth. Mr. Li Duan also donated the book "Li Shutong - Master Hongyi".
The Li clan of Zhapu used to build the "Li Clan Genealogy", and when the Japanese invaded China, the backyard of the Li clan's old mansion was bombed by Japanese aircraft, and the house was destroyed, and the genealogy was scattered. When I visited the Dye Shop Market Town of Li in 1993, I saw a set of bamboo steamers in the home of 77-year-old Li Pinxian, retaining the words "Longxi Li Clan, 1930) placed in the nineteenth year of the Republic of China" written in Gong pen. According to the old man's explanation, "Longxi is the name of Li County, which originated from the distant ancestor Li Yuan (Emperor Gaozu of Tang) from Longxi Chengji (present-day northwest of Qin'an, Gansu), so it was called 'Longxi Li'". She said, "If you want to trace the roots, my Li family is from Longxi, and it will never be Shanxi." The old people also told me: "The descendants of the Li clan of Wuzhapu have to return to the ancestral residence of Yuan Hua in Haining every year during the Qingming Dynasty to worship the ancestral shrine and the ancestral tomb, and pass it on from generation to generation, until our father's generation, after the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, was terminated due to traffic barriers." ”
In addition, it can be quoted from Li Shutong's poem "Gifting Jinzhong Tongren", Shiyun:
"The sin of a thousand autumns is fair in,
I'm going to rob the red sheep,
Self-division is limited,
Shame will be an afterthought. ”
The "Red Sheep Robbery" is a kind of historical saying. In this self-narrated poem, we can glimpse that Shu Tong's ancestors were forced to take refuge during the national turmoil and survived.
The old man Li Pinxian (born in 1919) said: "My husband's name is Zhiliang, and it was my father who made the decision to find him from the gate near the Li Ancestral Hall in Yuan Hua Town, Haining. ”
According to the old man of Li's big house and third room, wen Tao (Li Shutong) in the second room was about fifteen or sixteen years old when he returned to his hometown with his mother, Mrs. Wang, and lived for about one or two months in the ancestral residence of Li Jiadai in Dyeing Dianqiao. During this period, he engraved a seal of "Pinghu Housheng" here. Shortly after returning to Tianjin, he gave a "Qingming Sentimental Poem" to lyrical homesickness, poem Yun:
A glass of turbid wine is clear,
A hundred feelings before breaking the bottle.
Live up to the good scenery of Gangnam,
Apricot blossom season in the border town.
In 1896, when Shu Tong was seventeen years old, he personally sealed the inscription "Tang Jingyan Sima Zhenzhi", indicating "Danghu Li Chengqi Office", and he had identified his ancestral hometown - Pinghu, Zhejiang. ("Danghu" is the ancient name of Pinghu City, Zhejiang Province) Later, seals such as "Danghu Xi Frost", "Danghu Cloth", "Wu Junzi", "Jiangdong Housheng" and so on were engraved. In the autumn of 1901, after Shu Tong moved to Shanghai at the behest of his mother, he changed his name to Li Guangping and enrolled in the economic special class of Shanghai Nanyang Public School (the predecessor of today's Shanghai Jiaotong University) as a "Zhejiang Pinghu nationality"; in the spring of 1902, he should "make up for the Examination of Gengzi, Xin Ugly Enzheng and Kexiang in all provinces", and was also ordered by his mother to register for the examination as "Li Guangping, a superintendent of Pinghu County, Jiaxing Province".
According to the old man Li Xuelin (born in 1918), "My uncle Li Shichun, whose name is Ah Liu, when he was about fifteen years old, he went to the monastery by the West Lake in Hangzhou, found Master Hongyi, and said: 'Second Uncle Monk, I want to follow you and return to buddhism.'" Koichi advised him to go home and study well, and gave him a hand-copied copy of the Amitabha Sutra. Ah Liu returned from Hangzhou to prepare to return to Zhapu, passing through the Pinghu East Pagoda Bridge, met two scorpion thieves, saw him holding a bag, and asked 'What is inside?' Ah Liu's mouth was not clear, and the two thieves misheard the 'scriptures' for 'gold', so they came and snatched it and fled! ”
In 1993, Mr. Wang Weizeng, a scholar of Jinmen, sent a letter saying: "Recently, I found that the master's 'home is in the Panshuijian of Xiaoshan' and the side of the idle chapter, where is the chapter referring to today?" "As soon as I read the letter, I conducted a field survey." After a few months, finally outside the south gate of Zhapu, I found a north-south commercial street, bordering the sea, which was the main transportation hub for entering Zhapu City from the sea in the early years, about 300 meters long, with a high terrain, according to Tao Ruizhen, an old woman who lived at No. 54 Xiaoshan Street, said: "Here was originally a small hill, the height of the street surface was equal to the spire of the Pinghu Baoben Tower, and the tide rushed to Shanghai Pond, but it has never been flooded here, 'Xiaoshan Street' is the elegant name of the hill. ”
Later, I found "Pan Shui" again. According to the "Pinghu County Chronicle", "Pan Lane, southeast of Hongniyan, about 1.5 kilometers away from Zhapu, is the ancestral residence of the Pan clan of the Ming Dynasty. During the Ming Dynasty, it was once a small town with many merchants and prosperous commerce, and was later destroyed by the Wu criminals during the Ming Jiajing period. In front of the town, there is Panxiang Port passing through the border, and there is a Panshui Bridge (such as Pinghu 'Hantang' called 'Hanshui'; Xindai Town 'Liputang' is called 'Shuishui'). About 2 kilometers to the south is Lee Ka Dai. Li Jiadai is in the middle of "Xiaoshan Panshui". From this side of the chapter, it is proved that Li Shutong was very skilled in his hometown and his feelings were also very profound.
Secondly, from Li Shutong's interactions with several close friends, we can also seek corroboration from them:
Liu Yazi (1887-1958), the founder of Nanshe, had a deep friendship with Shu Tong, and composed "HuaiHong Yi Shangren" on the 60th birthday of Shu Tong, in the text: Hongyi, commonly known as Li, the name Guanghou, the character Xishuang, the family lineage "Zhejiang Xiju ethnic group, official Tianjin".
Zhang Zishi (1887-1961), also known as Chuankun, also known as Zhuo Sheng, nicknamed Grape Fairy, belonged to the Zhang clan of Qingyangdi (Taoyuan) in Danghu Town, Pinghu County, a member of the Chinese League Association and a member of the Nanshe Society. In his early years, he studied in Japan and had close contacts with Li Shutong, Liu Yazi and Su Manshu. In his later years, he believed in Buddhism and had a deep friendship with Fan Gunong, the president of the Jiaxing Buddhist Association, and his wife Fan Mulin (a member of the Southern Society) was Fan Gunong's younger sister. When Hongyi was invited to the Jingyan Temple in Jiaxing to read the collection, Zhang Zishi and his wife once went to visit and were given the phrase "Old Couple of Nanshe" by Hongyi. In his early years, he mentioned many times to his relatives and friends and villagers in Pinghu: "Li Shutong- The original hometown of Master Hongyi is Zhapu in my county" (according to The elderly Zhang Jiuye and Zhang Taihua of Pinghu, zhang Taihua and other confirmations).
Xia Junzun (1886-1946) was a colleague of Shu Tong when he was teaching at the Zhejiang Provincial First Normal School, and his relationship was most called Mo Rebellion, Xia wrote a preface to Shu Tong's "Qingliang Song Collection" in October 1931, and the text ended with Yun: "Li Xi, Zi Shu Tong, also zi Xi Shuang, Zhejiang Pinghu people." (Published by Shanghai Kaiming Bookstore in 1936)
At this point, the ancestral context of Li Shutong has been very clear, there is no need to repeat it, I fully agree with the conclusions of Mr. Lin Ziqing, Xu Gongshi, Wang Weizeng and others: "Li Shutong's ancestral home is Pinghu, Zhejiang." And "Shu Tong Hometown" is the Zhapu Town Dye Shop Bridge without a doubt!
(2) About Uncle Li's biological mother, Wang Fengling
Regarding the lineage of Uncle Li's biological mother, there are different theories in society, some say that his mother was originally Li Xiaolou's handmaiden, and Later Na was a concubine; some people said that his birth mother was originally a peasant daughter of Pinghu in Zhejiang Province, and so on.
Who is Uncle Li's biological mother? Professor Yu Jinyue, executive deputy director of the World Heritage Research and Exchange Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, wrote to him that his students wanted to know the true history of his birth mother when studying Mr. Li Shutong, a pioneer of China's new cultural movement and an outstanding artist, educator and thinker, and asked me to assist in providing it.
After many examinations, the author is from the famous door lady of the Zhapu Shuxiang family in Zhejiang, the famous Wang Fengling, Qing Xianfeng was born on April 21, 1861 (May 30, 1861) in Zhapu Town, Banmu Street, Xiaoqiaotou Old Wall Gate Wang Mansion (now No. 80 Banmu Street, originally a three-entry front hall backyard old wall door house, after the war, there is still a five-bay hall hall hall).
Wang Fengling, intelligent since childhood, less like to read, high cultural literacy, tonghan ink, can give poetry and writing. His father, Wang Ruinian (王瑞年), was a Confucian merchant who opened the Wang Yuanzhen (jī) north and south goods numbers in the West Street of the Four Arches in Zhapu City, with three openings in the south and north, and the front shop hall and the back workshop (which also poured red candles, and the "candle fang lane" still exists) on a large scale.
According to the "Zhapu Beizhi", the opening of the port of Zhapu began in the early Song Shaoxing period (1131-1140). In the twenty-third year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1684), the sea ban was opened, the shipping was revitalized, the Zhapu Fanfang spokes, and the merchants gathered, and flourished, becoming an important port on the southeast coast of China.
Zhapu is the gateway to Jiangsu and Zhejiang, a coastal defense fortress, stationed in the Manchurian Eight Banners, after several wars, the Wang family road gradually fell. Daughter Fengling has passed the age of zhen, climbing high relatives, can not afford to accompany the makeup; marrying a commoner, afraid that her daughter will not be accustomed to life.
Since the Qianlong Dynasty, the Changlu salt merchants in Hebei (Luanzhou) have been coming to handle business continuously, and the more famous ones are Qian Minghua, Qian Jishan, Liu Guangsheng, Wang Lujie, and Wang Rigui; at the end of the Qing Dynasty, there are Cheng Hongran, Li Xiaolou, Wang Yongjie, and others. At that time, when Li Xiaolou, a salt merchant from Changlu, returned to Cha cha and wanted to take the side room, after being cut down, Wang Ruinian married his daughter Fengling yuan and then went north with her husband.
Li Shizhen (1813-1884), zi Xiao Lou, Yi Zuo Xiao Lou, ancestral home of Pinghu County, Zhejiang Province, Zhapu Town Dye Shop Bridge, his ancestors in Zhejiang Zhapu through dyeing soil cloth (exported to Nanyang), the family business gradually prosperous, then known as "Zhejiang West Ju". Around the end of the Qianlong Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty (1766-1795), a second-house force of the Li clan went north to the Beijing-Tianjin region to engage in business, and through the introduction of Luanzhou Zhizhou Chayun (Li and Haining Yuan Huacha family coefficient were interrelated), they set up a lot of salt fields in the Changlu Salt Field to attract land and become rich. Li Kun and Li Rui Kunzhong moved from Zhapu, Zhejiang Province to Tianjin with their parents. In the eighteenth year of Jiaqing (1813), Shizhen was born in Tianjin. Shi Zhen was a student of Tianjin County, Tianjin Province, and was admitted to the 32-year-old examination in the year of Daoguang Jiachen (1884), and was admitted to the jinshi at the age of 53 in the fourth year of Tongzhi (1865), and was the head of the official department. Later, because of adhering to the ancestral precept of the "Hundred Ninja Hall" of the Zhapu Li clan, he abandoned the official to engage in business, operated the salt and silver money industry, and founded the "Beiji Society" to care for the poor and orphans, which was praised by the people of the time. Xiao Lou had a wife and two concubines, the eldest son named Wen Jin, who had been married and had children, unfortunately both father and son died early; the second son wen Xi, the character Tong gang, was born weak, afraid that he would not live, so in the early years of Guangxu, once, when Xiao Lou Nan returned to Zhapu to handle business, after being cut down, Feng Ling, the queen of the old wall gate of the old wall gate of the Small Bridge gate of Nazhapu, was restored to the side chamber. Two years later (1880), Wang gave birth to a son, named Wentao, with the youngest name Chengqi and Shu tong, at that time, the father was sixty-eight years old and the mother was only nineteen years old.
According to the memories of Li Xilin and Li Tianlin, the elderly people of the Li clan in the big house and the third room of the Zhapu Dye shop bridge, I heard from my father that there were three brothers in the distant ancestors of the Li clan, who came to Zhapu in the Ming Dynasty to avoid chaos, and first made a living by selling cloth on the street. Because of the popularity of weaving native cloth in this area, Li's brothers lived by dyeing cloth, dying mysterious colors, unique craftsmanship, and lasting without fading. In the Qing Kangxi Dynasty, he undertook the dyeing of Zhapu to export Nanyang native cloth, and became rich in business, and its land gradually became a market, named "Dye shop bridge town", and the Li family called it "Zhejiang West Ju". By the time of the Qianlong Dynasty, the export of tubu was tired, and Li Shi judged the situation and changed it to a sauce garden and salt work (Pinghu Luli Salt Farm). At that time, the two-bedroom one went north to Luanzhou, bought a house in Changlu Salt Farm, and moved to Tianjin. Later, when Wen Tao (Hongyi's family name) was about fourteen or fifteen years old, he returned to his hometown with his mother Wang Clan and lived in his ancestral home in Dyedian Bridge (Li Jiadai) for about one or two months, and his father said: "Because he came from the second room, the descendants of our big house and the third room called him 'second uncle'." During this period, because he was nostalgic for his hometown, he engraved a seal of "Pinghu Housheng" here. Shortly after returning to Tianjin, he gave a poem "Qingming Sentiments" to express his homesickness, shiyun:
In the twenty-fourth year of Qing Guangxu (1898), Kang Liang's change of law failed, and it was the late autumn of the year, and Shu Tong, that is, Feng's mother and his family moved south to Shanghai. It is said that he once engraved the seal of "Nanhai Kangjun is my teacher" to express his support for Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao's new reform method. It is generally believed that this trip has the intention of suspected avoidance. The master's second son, Li Duan, said in an article entitled "A Fragment of the Deeds of My Father Li Shutong": "In fact, before I heard my old nanny Wang Mother say that when my father went south, he wanted to return to the south to take root and establish a business, and break away from the big family of Tianjin. ”
The situation of his uncle and mother Wang in the Li family may not be satisfactory, although they gave birth to a son as everyone wished, but Li Shizhen died when his uncle was only five years old in the same year, leaving the orphan and widow mother. Originally, Wang's mother's family may have been able to rely on it, but it is thousands of miles away, and more importantly, his father, Wang Ruinian, is an ordinary Confucian businessman, and there is no power to help. Therefore, Li Shutong wrote poetry at the age of 15:
"Life is like the day of the western mountains, and wealth is like frost on the tiles."
Such a nihilistic poem that sees through life comes from the hands of Li Shutong when he was a teenager, in addition to surprised by his poetic talent, what is even more surprising is the sadness of the situation of Li Shutong's mother and son. Li Shutong once said to his disciple Feng Zikai: "I have many mothers, and my birth mother is very bitter. This cannot but remind people of Shu Tong's birth mother, Wang Fengling (38 years old at the time), or her intention to leave the big family of Tianjin with her son and daughter-in-law and return to her hometown of Zhapu, because at that time Zhapu was repeatedly burned by soldiers, the market conditions were getting weaker and weaker, the huge merchants and rich merchants had moved to Shanghai, and the former residence of the Wang family had long been sold to a Wang Yunzhong (whose grandson Wang Liquan, provided by the famous rabbit official) who had come from Fujian to do business, and the intention of settling in the hometown was abandoned.
When Wang first arrived in Shanghai, he lived in a simple pavilion in the Bu neighborhood of the Baxian Bridge Mansion in the French Concession (now Lane 389, Jinling East Road), and someone asked: The Li family has a Shengyu Qianzhuang in Shanghai, and Wang's Fengling has a huge amount of money, and it is not a problem to buy a villa, why not buy or lease a mansion near Tianjin Road, where the Beijing-Tianjin people live? There is naturally a hidden plot in this, because at that time, the Pinghu County Travel and Shanghai Township Association was within easy reach (in present-day Shandong Road), and many Pinghu and Zhapu people lived in Zhapu Road and Zhapuli, which may be similar, which may be a coincidence, but it cannot be ruled out that it was the birth mother Wang's conscious arrangement, and the neighborhood of Renting In Bu may only be a temporary measure, so as to facilitate communication with fellow villagers and get the care of villagers.
In October of the same year, Shu Tong joined the "Seongnam Bunkbun Society". In the spring of the following year (the twenty-fifth year of Guangxu), Wenyou Xu Xianyuan specially gave up a corner in his "Chengnan Caotang" and sincerely invited Uncle Li to move in with the same family. Uncle Xuan and his mother and his wife moved to the Xu family "Chengnan Caotang" in the south of qinglong Bridge outside xiaonanmen. The "Seongnam Caotang" of the Magic Garden is spacious and clean, with lush trees, birds and flowers, elegant and quiet. "Chengnan Caotang" also contains eight kinds of continuations of "Dream of the Red Chamber", such as "Supplementary Dream", "Compound Dream", "Later Dream", "Qi Dream", "Heavy Dream", "Acting Dream", etc., and has been called "Eight Red Chambers". In the living room reserved for Shu Tong's family in the grass hall, there is a plaque of "Li Lu Ge", and in the study on the right, the Phantom Garden has inscribed books for him and hung a plaque of "Li Lu", which is the reason why Shu Tong called himself "Master of Li Lu Pavilion" and "Master of Li Lu" here, and since then his collections have mostly used "Li Lu" as the name of the room.
In September of the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (1901), Shu Tong was ordered by his mother to be a native of Pinghu County, Zhejiang Province, and was admitted to Nanyang Public School (the predecessor of Shanghai Jiaotong University) from the twelfth place in the overall score, enrolled in the special economic class, changed his name to Li Guangping, and studied with Cai Yuanpei with Huang Yanpei, Shao Lizi, and Xie Wuliang.
In the twenty-eighth year of Guangxu (1902), Shu Tong was ordered by his mother to go to Hangzhou to make up for the township examination of "Gengzi, Xin Ugly Enzheng and Ke" with the qualification of a superintendent in Pinghu County, Jiaxing Province. Jiaxing students who took the exam in the same subject also included Feng Jie (Zhejiang Chongde, father of Feng Zikai, who was 37 years old at the time), Zhang Langsheng (Zi Zongxiang, Zhejiang Haining, 21 years old at the time) and so on. After reporting, Shu Tong still returned to Shanghai Nanyang Public School to study.
Uncle Tong lost his childhood, orphaned and widowed mother, and depended on each other for his life, so that when he grew up, he would be filial piety and respect for his mother who lived in the position of a concubine in the extended family and lived a hard life. Unfortunately, mrs. Wang, the loving mother, died at the age of 45 on the fifth day of February in the 31st year of Guangxu (March 10, 1905) at the age of 45. Probably because in Shanghai, there is no one else around to entrust (Yu has gone to tianjin mother's house), when his mother is critically ill, Li Shutong can only be alone, leaving his mother's bed, going out to buy coffins (coffins), and when he returns, he can no longer make a final farewell with his mother. This incident made Li Shutong regret for life, until he later became a monk, he still could not forget.
After the death of his uncle's biological mother, Mrs. Wang, he helped the coffin back to the old residence of the Li family in Tianjin and opened a funeral for his mother. His brother Li Wenxi insisted on adhering to the old rule of "foreign funerals are not introduced" and did not allow Mrs. Wang's coffin to enter the house. The brotherhood that had been eased became incompatible at this time, and the two brothers quarreled over it, each holding their own opinions and making a big fuss. Finally, under the persuasion of the family and relatives, not only did they break the old rule of "no door for foreign funerals", but also carried the coffin into the gate of the old mansion, but also handled it according to the Western-style practice. In addition to the eulogy (instead of the old-fashioned filial piety kneeling to recite the eulogy), the whole family wears black clothes (the old-fashioned should wear white clothes) for the funeral, the most worthy of our listening is that Li Shutong personally played the piano and sang eulogies:
Pine cypresses are green and green, and the cool breeze is born of virtue. Mother Hu abandoned her children, and did not return after a long death?
Who is cold and who is resentful, and who is hungry? Mourning and mourning, soul returning. - "Lamentations"
This move, the first new form of funerals for the founding fathers, has caused quite a stir in society. Tianjin's "Ta Kung Pao" made a special series of reports on this and published the "Examination of the Western Kingdom's Funeral Dress System", which promoted this pioneering move to change customs and customs. According to the newspaper's records, Mother Li received more than 200 tributes and eulogies at the memorial service, and more than 400 Chinese and foreign guests attended the meeting to mourn, most of whom were prominent celebrities from all walks of life in Tianjin, including a number of foreign envoys stationed in China and the principals of major schools in Tianjin.
After the funeral, shu tong's family did not get the treatment they deserved in Tianjin, so that his long-simmering thoughts formed decisive actions. He felt the pain of losing his loving mother, like a gossamer flying feather, floating without roots, what concern did he have for his family and hometown? Therefore, after settling Yu and his two sons in Tianjin, he changed his name to Li Ai and the Duke of Ai, and left the motherland with a deep heart and crossed the Fusang in the east.
Twenty years later, in 1925, Li Shutong (who had taken refuge in Buddhism at that time, Master Hongyi) said to his disciple Feng Zikai: "The five or six years between the ages of 20 and 26 were the happiest time in my life. After that, there was constant sorrow and sorrow, all the way to renunciation. These years are also the years when he left Tianjin, left his brother, and lived in Shanghai with his wife and mother. Before the age of 20, only the confusion of youth and the anxiety of wanting independence and not being able to get it, only although living in their own home, it seems to be the sadness under the fence, after the age of 26, the mother will die forever, there is no time to see each other, if it is not a religious salvation, only death can free Shutong from sorrow and sorrow.
Li Shutong's childhood years were originally sweet and pleasant. In the lyrics of "Reminiscences of Childhood", he wrote down his impressions of childhood:
Spring to autumn, the years are like a stream, and the wanderer is hurt and drifting.
I remember when I was a child, the home was playing, and the scene was like yesterday.
Three rafters of thatched house, one tree of old plums, and a savage at the bottom of the tree.
Tall branches chirp birds, Ogawa swimming fish, once put idle love.
Childhood joy, Slosh can not do,
Childhood joy, Sile can not be done.
The lyrics of this song, the author believes that it is a memory left by Li Shutong when he was a child in his hometown of Zhapu Dye shop bridge Li Jiadai Province.
(3) Pinghu Li Shutong Memorial Hall to prepare for the construction of the past
When I began to explore Li Shutong's ancestral homeland in 1983, the research for more than ten years has been ups and downs, but it has still attracted the attention of relevant parties. The Pinghu Li Shutong Memorial Hall has also been under construction since April 1999. As early as 1998, through the General Branch of the Pinghu Municipal Committee of the Peasants' and Workers' Party, I repeatedly proposed to the Pinghu Municipal People's Congress, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the United Front Work Department to prepare for the construction of the "Li Shutong Memorial Hall", but due to the conditions at that time, it could not be realized (see "Reply to Proposal No. 1 of the First Session of the Ninth CPPCC In June 1998"). It was not until Comrade Wan Yawei became the mayor of Pinghu that he received his attention (see "Reply on the Proposal of the General Branch Committee of the Peasants' and Workers' Party of Pinghu City" in June 1999), and Mayor Wan Yawei summoned me to his office to listen to my family history of Master Li Shutong, and further determined that "the master's ancestral home is in Li Jiadai, Dye shop bridge, Zhapu Town, Pinghu City."
Later, after Mayor Wan decided to prepare for the construction of the Li Shutong Memorial Hall, he asked me to contribute to the preparation, continue to examine and collect the relics of the master, and asked me to find and nominate a young man to assist me. Although there was no collection of relics of the master at that time, in the long run, it was necessary to first consider the storehouse for collection and storage, at that time, the only well-equipped in our city was the "Lu Weizhao Calligraphy and Painting Institute", so I nominated Zhang Hong, the vice president of the hospital, as a candidate. Since then, the municipal government has held many preparatory meetings. Once, I suggested to Mayor Wan Yawei that I was old and had limited energy, and that Zhang Hong should be the main one to be elected, and that I would like to be an assistant to assist him in his work.
When the preparatory work began and was preparing to go to various places to collect the remains of the master, Zhang Hong said to me: "Old sir, at this time, my calligraphy and painting institute is very busy, and I don't have time to accompany you out, so I will be accompanied by He Jun, a young man of my institute." He also asked me to "examine and verify the place of origin of the master carefully, so as not to make people gossip" (obviously, he still had objections to the place of origin of the master, so he did not want to go, because he had Uncle Li in the past with the same nationality in Tianjin and Shanxi, for fear of damaging his reputation in the future).
On December 6, 1999, Comrade He Jun and I first went to Hangzhou to stay at the "Lion and Tiger Hostel" where the house price was lower on Wulin Road, and visited the "Hongyi Master and Feng Zikai Research Center" of Hangzhou Normal College; the "Li Shutong Memorial Hall" of Hupao Temple and the "Li Shutong Memorial Room" of Hangzhou Senior High School, and they received their enthusiastic support. Later, he went to Tongxiang, Haining, Jiaxing and Shanghai for collection work. In Shanghai, we also visited the master's disciple Liu Zhiping, Feng Zikai's concubine Mr. Liu Xueyang and Ms. Feng Yiyin, and received them warmly and provided many valuable materials and publications, and they all expressed their determination to do their best to support them.
Since 2000, Zhang Hong has seen that "preparing for construction" has some eyebrows, and he does not need He Jun, he said; "At this time, I am free, let me accompany the old man." Later, I proposed to hire Liu Xueyang and Feng Yiyin as consultants for the "Li Shutong Memorial Hall", and after receiving the approval of the municipal leaders, on February 13, Zhang Hong and I accompanied Vice Mayor Li Ren to Shanghai, paid tribute to liu and Feng, and carefully submitted a "letter of appointment."
Later, at the behest of Secretary Wan Yawei, when I talked to Elder Liu, I said affectionately: "Brother Xueyang, Mr. Lingzun Liu Zhiping is really great, and since 1915, he has regarded the letters and various manuscripts of his mentor Honggong as treasures and carefully preserved them." This batch of ink treasures was also carefully framed, and 12 large camphor wooden boxes were specially made for treasure. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, all his belongings were destroyed in the war, but the master's calligraphy works were always carried with him and were not damaged. For more than sixty years, although it has experienced turmoil and poverty, it has never been separated from the ink. Then I said, "You too, a family living in a "pavilion" of more than twenty square meters, I can't believe it, in exchange for others, as long as you take out one or two pieces of Honggong's ink treasure, you can buy a decent villa." Elder Liu said with all his might: "I have been educated by my father for decades, and I have a firm will and a clear distinction between love and hatred. I'd rather die of bitterness and starvation than be a scum of the art world. At this point, I said emotionally: "Your father and son have protected shigong Mobao for two generations, will the third and fourth generations in the future be like you?" Elder Liu was silent for a while and said, "Yeah, I'm worried too!" I persuaded him: "Find a person or department that can cherish and preserve." "It seems that Elder Liu has some heart, so I took the opportunity and persuaded Elder Liu to donate 159 pieces of the original ink relics of the master whose father, Mr. Liu Zhiping, had treasured for decades, as well as a batch of precious photos and books, to the Pinghu Li Shutong Memorial Hall free of charge.
On the occasion of the 120th anniversary of the master's birth, the Pinghu Municipal People's Government decided to build the "Li Shutong Memorial Hall". The initial site was selected in an old house left behind after the migration of ximenyuan "Pinghu No. 2 Middle School" and the "peninsula" in the east of Baoben Temple, so I suggested to Secretary Wan: From the perspective of feng shui, East Lake, ancient called "Kowloon Port"; Dayingzhou (formerly East Lake Park) is a pearl. If the "Li Shutong Memorial Hall" is selected to be built in Dayingzhou and becomes the "Nine Dragons Play Pearl", it is the "treasure of Zhenhu". Secretary Wan thought, "This idea is very good! "After agreeing to my suggestion, the site of the museum was selected in Dayingzhou.
Before the groundbreaking ceremony of the Li Shutong Memorial Hall, I proposed: Please invite the descendants of the Li family of Li Jiadai of Dye shop bridge to come and participate, Zhang Hong was not interested in this, and said impatiently: "You have gone to do a good job." "Pinghu dye shop Li's, a total of three rooms, in Pinghu is a large room and three rooms, the second room is to move to Tianjin this branch." So I invited Li Xuelin (seven rank elderly) and three rooms Li Qin (youth) to be representatives of the Li clan. On that day, they hurried to come. According to the etiquette, Zhang Hong should treat them as VIPs, but no, they are regarded as "idle people", and Chinese food is nowhere to be found! I really couldn't see it, so I asked Chen Accountant, and she was deeply puzzled, so she had to go to fast food. From here, Zhang Hong's personality is seen!
After the foundation stone of the Li Shutong Memorial Hall was laid, Zhang Hong began to gradually become cold to me, one day, in order to prepare for the construction of the Li Shutong Memorial Hall, he had to travel on a business trip, according to the past, Zhang Hong invited me to accompany him, but this time, he excused himself: "The weather is hot, the old man should not go, I will go alone." He thought that "there is no longer your share of the task of preparation", and he did not notify me of any activities and dumped me.
On the occasion of the sixtieth anniversary of the death of the master, a grand commemoration was held in Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, and a reporter surnamed Zhang of Pinghu Television Station went to shoot a grand video, and the person in charge of the affairs of the conference in Quanzhou asked: "Why didn't Mr. Chen Zai come?" A few months later, Mr. Jiang Shijie, a layman in Haining, told me that he saw that on the invitation list of the Quanzhou Buddhist Association, there was your name Chen Zai.
The master's granddaughter Li Wenjuan and Li Lijuan came to Ping twice to participate in the event, and during the meeting, they wanted to meet me once (they have been in contact with me for many years, but they have not yet met), and asked Zhang Hong for my phone number and home address, and Zhang Hong replied: "Chen Zai's address is not clear, people can't find it, and the phone number is not known." Li Lijuan had to entrust me with a copy of "In Memory of Master Hongyi Li Shutong" and a copy of "Li Shutong's Research." However, Zhang Hong let it go for more than two months, until Li Lijuan wrote to me from Tianjin. Later, they called from Tianjin to ask Zhang Hong, and he could not prevaricate, so he had to send the temporary staff in the museum to send the "Commemoration of Hongyi Master Li Shutong" and a copy of "Li Shutong Research" to my home, in order to perfunctory.
I am the preparatory staff of the Li Shutong Memorial Hall, the government has not announced the "dismissal", from the selection of the museum site, the name of the museum I have participated. Originally, Zhang Hong's opinion was called "Hongyi Master Memorial Hall", and the road next to the old museum was named "Hongyi Road". Secretary Wan Yawei asked for my opinion, and I replied: Uncle Li is a world-class unparalleled master of art who is knowledgeable and knowledgeable, and who knows everything in all disciplines of scholarship; not an ordinary abbot or monk in the monastery, but a Buddhist researcher. At the beginning, the purpose of my insistence on bringing in the master was to hope that the descendants of Pinghu would take him as a model and produce more talents, rather than a few more young monks. Secretary Wan nodded after listening and said, "Well, it makes sense, I'll let him change it." Soon, it was renamed "Shutong Road" and "Li Shutong Memorial Hall". Once, Secretary Wan went to the municipal party committee to work, met me by chance next to Hongqiao, and praised me: "Elder Chen, you have made a great contribution to Pinghu..." I apologetically replied: "Where, where, the contribution is minimal", he went on to say: "Without you Chen Zai, there would be no Pinghu Li Shutong Memorial Hall..." How kind Secretary Wan's words were!
In September 2004, when the Li Shutong Memorial Hall was completed, during the opening ceremony, people asked him: "Why didn't Chen Zai invite him to attend?" He said, "Can't find him." Did Zhang Hong ever look for me? Not once. Why didn't you invite me to attend? Are you afraid that I will expose his scandals or deceive the world and deprive me of my citizenship? (At the beginning of the preparation, I purchased more than 200 copies of the master's ink from Hangzhou, and in order to protect the master's ink treasure, I was ready to replace the exhibits in the future.) Later, after Zhang Hong left his post, I asked the whereabouts of these replicas? People in the museum said that they were probably all in his home, and they had never seen a single one. ）
As for Zhang Hong's "family affection and relationship between Li Shutong and Pinghu's hometown", how much do he really know? To this day, he has not read an article of his own insight, nor has he ever seen the results of his published research.
At that time, Liu Xueyang and his wife, descendants of Master Li's disciple Liu Zhiping, blamed Me for not recommending such a person who had neither moral heart nor literacy to manage the Li Shutong Memorial Hall because Zhang Hong did not have a high sense of responsibility for protecting Shi Gong mobao, arbitrarily copied and damaged the original work, and caused immeasurable losses. The couple said that if the Pinghu Municipal Government tolerates adultery again and encourages the bad guys, they are ready to withdraw all of Li Shimobao through the State Administration of Cultural Heritage. To this end, I have to express my opinion on this matter, I think that Master Li's ancestral home must be Pinghu Zhapu (for details, please refer to the humble work "Visiting Li Shutong's Hometown"), Li Shutong is the most influential celebrity to improve the popularity of Pinghu, and we must not lose it. It is earnestly hoped that the organization will make a decision on the spot and deal with the personnel as soon as possible. It is suggested that young cadres with both high cultural attainment and heavy character be selected to serve as leaders of the Li Shutong Memorial Hall, so that Liu Xueyang and his wife can rest assured and satisfied.
Later, the main leaders of the CPPCC Municipal Committee replied to me: "The main leaders of the Municipal Party Committee have studied it, and there will be a satisfactory reply after the Spring Festival." ”
After the Spring Festival of the following year, the relevant leading departments of the city dismissed the original leaders of the Li Shutong Memorial Hall and newly appointed young cadres with heavy character...
(Chen Zai)