Racing to cross the deep sorrow for thousands of years, loyal souls can be repaid once they go.
The death of the country is now, and only the world is left behind.
--Song Zhang, "He Dragon Boat Festival"
In 278 BC, in the summer, a man with a dry and haggard color was ushered in on the banks of the Miluo River. He staggered as he whispered.
He was Qu Yuan, the Third Lu Doctor of Chu Guoyuan. Professor Gong Pengcheng, in his book The History of Chinese Literature, called him "the first great patriotic poet in China's history."
It was here that Qu Zi left his posthumous work "Huaisha", threw himself into the river and died, which attracted infinite remembrance from future generations.
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="01" data-track="11" > Who is The Quzi? </h1>
"Emperor Gaoyang's Miao descendants, Emperor Gao's Examination of Boyong"
Qu Yuan, mingping, surname Qi, Qu surname, character yuan. The surname Qi (芈) is one of the eight surnames of Zhu Rong in ancient times, and is the surname of the Chu royal family of the Zhou Dynasty.
Zhu Rong's eight surnames are himself, Dong, Peng, Bald, Yu, Cao, Huo, and Qi. Zhu Rong is a kind of position, and the first person to obtain this position is Chongli.
Chongli was the son of The Scroll, and the Title was the Son of the Emperor Gao Yang.
Chongli was executed by Emperor Zhao due to the ineffective rebellion of the Ping Gonggong clan, but the position of "Zhu Rong" was still held by his younger brother Wu Hui. Wu hui gave birth to Lu Zhong, who had six sons.
According to the "History of the Chu Family", the ancestor of the Chu royal family was Lu Zhong's sixth son, Ji Lian. Ji Lian's surname is 芈.
Surnames are the product of matrilineal clan society, and what maintains blood relations is maintained.
Qu Yuan was a descendant of Qu Feng, the son of King Wu of Chu, who served as the highest official of the Chu state, Mo Ao (according to the Zuo Chuan), and Qu Yuan was his fiefdom, so his descendants took Qu as his clan.
The clan is a product of the patriarchal clan society, a symbol of status and wealth, and maintains geographical relations.
"The name Yu Yue Zheng Ze Xi, the word Yu Yue Lingjun"
In addition to the surnames, surnames, names, and characters commonly used in the Warring States period, Qu Yuan was also given the corresponding good name by his father because he was born very well- "Regent Zhen is in Meng Qixi, but Gengyin Wu is descended", and was given the corresponding good name by his father- Mingzheng Ze and Lingjun.
Such a name was rare in the Warring States period.
Qu Yuan's birthday was on the day of Gengyin in the year of Yin (340 BC) in the month of Meng Chun. This Day is very interesting.
Because according to the "Chu Shijia", Chongli was killed by Emperor Zhao on this day. I don't know if Qu Yuan's father remembered it.
Anyway, looking at the eight characters of the birthday and knowing that this son was extraordinary, he gave up the names and words "regular" and "lingjun" on a whim. It gives infants who are still swaddled good expectations such as fairness and integrity.
Qu Yuan also lived up to his father's expectations, and indeed became the leader of his generation of young talents. Although he is well known to posterity for his appearance as a poet, Qu Yuan is by no means a courtier who can dance and ink.
He was skillful in resignation, serving as a left disciple, sending envoys to the State of Qi; accompanying the combined troops of Chu, Wei, Zhao, Han, and Yan to the front of the army; internally, he presided over the change of law, and was also trusted by the king of Chu Huai, and achieved some results in the early stage of the change.
Because of the change of law, it touched the interests of the old nobles of the Chu state, caused the envy of Shangguan Dafu and others, and was slandered and degraded, and was changed from a left disciple to the post of Sanlu Dafu.
Qu Yuan advocated resistance to Qin, but with the merger of the Chu state and the qin state, he was not welcomed by King Huai of Chu and exiled to northern Han (above the Han River, around present-day Nanyang Xixia and Huaichuan in Henan).
In 299 BC, King Zhaoxiang of Qin wrote a letter inviting King Huai of Chu to Wuguan (the north bank of the Dongwuguan River in Danfeng County, Shaanxi Province) to meet the alliance.
King Huai of Chu, who did not want to go, was fooled by his young son Zi Lan and set off to meet the King of Qin. As a result, as soon as he arrived at Wuguan, he was detained by Qin and used as a bargaining chip to demand Wu County and Qianzhong County. King Huai still had backbone, and sternly refused.
However, the end was to be taken directly from Wuguan back to Xianyang. The State of Chu "made a decision at the moment", and Crown Prince Xiong took office for the sake of King Xiang of Chu.
Three years later, King Huai died in the State of Qin, and the State of Qin returned the body to the State of Chu. The State of Chu broke off relations with the State of Qin, and Qu Yuan was also dismissed from the Three Lu Sect and exiled to Jiangnan.
From Yingdu to Ezhu, to Dongting, to Changsha... In the end, it ended in Miluojiang with regrets. At the end of the year, he was about 62 years old.
Looking at his life, he was full of ambition, infinite scenery, low back and depression, bumps and difficulties, but in the end, his ambitions were in vain.
Qu Yuan's death was almost projected on the resumes of "unseen people" over the past thousand years, thus attracting countless latecomers to "share the same sorrow".
On the theme of "soldiers do not meet", the "sorrow" of mankind is helplessly connected.
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="02" data-track="46" > sad man</h1>
Regarding Qu Yuan's death, the first to be hung was Jia Yi of the Western Han Dynasty, which is also one of the representative works of the Han Dynasty's theme of "sorrowful soldiers do not meet".
After all the nine states and the same king, why should they cherish this?
- "Hanging Qu Yuanfu"
Sima Qian further explained Jia Yi's statement in the "History of Qu Yuan Jia Shenglie"——
And seeing Jia Sheng hanging, he blamed Qu Yuan for his other materials, traveling to the princes, and he state was not tolerated, and he ordered himself to be.
With Qu Yuan's talent, to which country can not serve?
In the Warring States period, OK. After all, it was an era of "there is no grandfather left here, there is a place to leave the grandfather", Shang Martin, Zhang Yi, Su Qin, Sima Zuo, etc., which one is not useless in the mother country, and develops in other princely states.
But as far as Qu Yuan was concerned, he couldn't.
Because Qu Yuan was an aristocrat, even a royal family. His series of deeds in the Chu Kingdom are not only saving the Chu State, but also reviving his home.
The soldiers were the lowest of the nobility, and they were the "proletariat" of that era.
Nothing materially can really stop him, and as a result, they will do their best to acquire tangible, fixed assets.
At the same time, they are also the owners of "intangible assets" such as knowledge and planning, and they can "peddle" to the king the way of the king, the way of the emperor, the hegemony and other strategies for governing the country and the power of the country.
Therefore, Zhang Yi, Su Qin and other soldiers first have the ideal of governing the country, followed by the means to realize the ideal, and finally run east and west to find the right boss.
As for whether the boss is the King of Qin or the King of Chu or the King of Qi, it does not matter, and it is the most important thing to be able to achieve the improvement of his own treatment and the realization of his ideals at the same time.
In this regard, Qu Yuan was different from them.
He was born as a member of the top echelons of the Chu state and a member of the group of vested interests. He was connected to the Chu State bloodline, and the ancestors of Qu Yuan who were also offered to the Chu GuoZong Temple were also his ancestors.
That said, the boss is a problem that doesn't need to be discussed. The prerequisite for the realization of all his governing strategies and ingenuity is that the kingdom must be the state of Chu and the king must be the king of Chu.
Because he had no other choice, Qu Yuan would have such deep pain.
And these were also important reasons why he was able to empathize with later generations such as Jia Yi, Sima Qian, Li Shangyin, Lu You, and other scholars.
Since the Han Dynasty and qin, feudal unification has become the only pursuit. Although the general trend of the world will be divided for a long time, under the high recognition and desire of people for unification, they will be united for a long time.
There is no two days in the sky, there is no two kings in the country, and the king is blinded by villains, watching the infinite rivers and mountains getting more and more dusty, but he is abandoned, and his ambitions are difficult to reward.
Isn't this the situation of a man named Qu Yuan in the Chu Kingdom?
The most painful thing for the "Qu Yuans" is that they have no way to serve the country.
In terms of literary meaning, before the Huaisha, it should be "The Fisher Father", and the passages in it are also quoted by Sima Qian in the "Biography of Qu Yuan Jia Shenglie".
Among them, the famous saying, "The whole world is cloudy and I am alone, and everyone is drunk and I am awake alone, which is to see and let go", which is the template for the attitude of the scholars to the "current dynasty".
This can also be seen in the Novels of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. For example, it is always necessary to set up a good official who is honest and serves the people to uphold justice for those who have been wronged. What is a "good official"? He is the spokesman for the wise side of the emperor.
Most of the unjust, false and wrongly decided cases were caused by villains, and the emperor was deceived by villains. In the end, the good officials proved their innocence, the emperor woke up, the wicked were punished as they deserved, and the good people were acquitted.
The emperor is actually the ideal sustenance of the scholars. And to Qu Yuan, the King of Chu was his ideal sustenance, not necessarily the King of Chu Huai, but the helmsman of the Chu State.
People say that the "beauty" in Qu Yuan's poems is the King of Chu Huai, which is inaccurate. It should be said that the "beauty" is the "king" who can guide the Chu kingdom out of its predicament and revitalize its might.
Who it was, Qu Yuan was looking forward to, but he didn't know, and he couldn't know. Otherwise, the death of King Huai of Chu would be the last straw that crushed Qu Yuan.
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="03" data-track="87" > Qu Yuan's death</h1>
In 296 BC, in the eleventh year of King Zhaoxiang of Qin, King Huai of Chu died. In 278 BC, in the twenty-ninth year of King Zhaoxiang of Qin, Qu Yuan threw himself into the river and died.
Qu Yuanzhi was not robbed of the death of King Huai of Chu, but the rout of the Chu state.
Because, in 278 BC, the spirited King Zhaoxiang of Qin sent the general Bai Qi to attack the State of Chu, captured the capital of the State of Chu, Yingdu, and burned the tomb of the former king of the State of Chu.
The chu forces collapsed and could not resume the war, and the capital was moved to Chen Qiu.
Important things are worth repeating, Chu Guo said to Qu Yuan, it is the country that is more than home. In particular, the destruction of the Jongmyo Temple undoubtedly dealt a huge blow to Qu Yuan.
Ancestor worship is an important spiritual core of Chinese civilization, and the Zongmiao Temple is an important place to worship ancestors and an important material carrier for the beliefs of the descendants of Yanhuang.
The great affairs of the country are in the worship of Rong. And the symbol of the complete destruction of a tribe and a country is the destruction of its temple.
He died of a kind of "love and not to be allowed" - externally, the tomb of the ancestor of the Chu State was planed. Inside, on the other hand, it is actually the collapse of faith.
In an instant, all expectations were disillusioned, all efforts were disappointed, all forks in the human world were closed, and the ground under one side of the foot slid downwards vertically without warning, without even the opportunity to struggle.
This kind of weightless pain and helplessness, presumably a thousand years later, Wang Guowei on the shore of Kunming Lake also experienced it!
Therefore, Qu Yuan's death is extremely powerful.
Fading the color of history, the spirit of patriotism that has been tempered shines brightly, inspiring generation after generation of benevolent people to fight unremittingly for the country and the people -- it is precisely "some people who are dead and still alive."
Qu Yuan is a talented man of extraordinary literary talent, a fighter who is determined to forge ahead, and a generation of national soldiers who seek to "die nine times and have no regrets" for the sake of the upper and lower levels.
-end-
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(The pictures used in the article are all from the network, invaded and deleted)