"Xunzi" (35)

Translation: Fang Yong Li Bo

Publisher: Zhonghua Bookstore

Parliamentarians

Three

"The liturgical one, the extreme of discernment, the foundation of a strong country, the way of might, and the totality of merit." The prince is from it, so he gets the world also; not, so the meteor society is also. Therefore, the strong armor and sharp soldiers are not enough to win, the high city and deep pool are not enough to be solid, and the strict order and heavy punishment are not enough to be powerful, and the way is to be done, and if it is not followed, it is abolished. The Chu people thought that the chu people were like armor, like golden stones, like iron and iron, miserable like bees, light and sharp, and like a fluttering wind, but the soldiers were killed in the weeping sand, Tang contempt died, Zhuang Qi, and Chu divided into three or four. Isn't there a strong armor? It is not the reason for its unification. Ru and Ying thought it was dangerous, Jiang and Han thought it was a pond, limited to Deng Lin, and fate was Fang Cheng, but Qin Shi arrived at Yan and Yingju, and Ruo Zhenran ran. Isn't there no solid block? It is not the reason for its unification. He was tortured for cannons, killed at any time, and his subordinates were desperate for their lives, but Zhou Shizhi ordered that he could not do so, and his people could not be used. Is it not strict and the punishment is not complicated? It is not the reason for its unification. The ancient soldiers, the spear and the bow and arrow are only enough, but the enemy country does not wait to be tried and cursed; the city is not discerned, the ditch and pond are not picked, the plug is not tree, the machine is not open, but the country is not afraid of the outside and the inside, there is no reason for it, the way is clear and the junk is divided, sometimes it is sincerely loved, and the lower and upper are also like the influence, and those who do not obey the order are then punished. Therefore, if one person is punished and the whole world is served, the sinner is not from above, and the guilt is known to himself. It is the reason for the punishment that is provincial and prestigious, and there is no reason for it, and it is also because of its way. The ancient emperor Yao ruled the world, killing one person and punishing two people and ruling the world. The saying goes: 'Willy does not try, and the punishment is not used.' This is also true.

Translation: "Etiquette is the highest criterion for governing the country, the fundamental to making the country strong, the way for the power to prevail in the world, and the outline for establishing a meritorious name." If the princes of the Son of Heaven follow it, they will gain the whole world; if they do not follow it, they will destroy the society. Therefore, strong armor and sharp weapons are not enough to achieve victory, high walls and deep moats are not enough to be indestructible, severe decrees and numerous punishments are not enough to intimidate the people, follow the way of etiquette and righteousness, and fail without following the way of etiquette. The Chu people made armor out of shark skin and rhinoceros skin, hard as gold, spears made of steel like the earth, as powerful as poisonous scorpions, the soldiers moved briskly and agilely, as fast as a whirlwind, but the soldiers were defeated in the sand, Tang Was killed in battle, Zhuang Huan rebelled, and the Chu state was torn apart. Is this not a strong armor? It is because the method he uses to rule is not the way of etiquette! The State of Chu took Rushui and Yingshui as natural dangers, the Yangtze River and Hanshui as moats, Deng Lin as barriers, and Fangcheng as walls, but as soon as the Qin army arrived, Yan and Ying were attacked, just like shaking dead leaves. Is this because there are no strong fortresses and obstacles? It is because the method he uses to rule is not the way of etiquette! The King of Shang cut Bi Gan's abdomen and dug his heart, imprisoned Mizi, created a cannon torture, killed people at will, and his subordinates were terrified, not knowing whether they could save their lives, but once the Zhou army arrived, the government decree could not be carried out below, nor could it serve his people. Is this because the government decrees are not severe and the punishments are not numerous? It is because the method he uses to rule is not the way of etiquette! The weapons of ancient times were nothing more than goats, spears, bows, and arrows, but before they could be used, the enemy countries were brought to their knees; the cities were not repaired, the moats were not dug, the fortresses were not erected, and the stratagems were not carried out, but the state was safe and fearless of foreign enemies and was very consolidated, for no other reason than to implement the way of etiquette and righteousness, to coordinate with the name of rank, to use the people's strength on time and sincerely love them, and the people and the monarch followed the shadows and sounded like a sound, and those who did not obey orders were then punished with punishment. Therefore punish a man and the whole world obeys, and the one who sins does not resent his monarch, knowing that the sin lies in himself. Therefore, punishment is simple and powerful, and there is no other reason, but because it follows the path of etiquette. In ancient times, Emperor Yao ruled the world, killing only one person and punishing two people, and the world was governed. The ancient book says, 'Mighty and courageous but not used, punishment is set but not enforced.' That's what it says.

"The movement of mortals, for the sake of celebration, sees the harm and the end of the wound." Therefore, rewards, punishments, and deception are not enough to do their best to cause death. He who is the Lord of Man is also, so that the people who take over are rude and faithful, and they are only able to use rewards, punishments, and swindle to eliminate their subordinates, and to obtain their functions. The Great Kou will come, so that if it holds a dangerous city, it will be on the side, if it encounters the enemy, it will go north, and if it is tired and humiliated, it will be ploughed, and Huo Yan will leave his ears and fight back against it. Therefore, the way of rewarding, punishing, and swindling is also the way of selling, and the way of selling by servants is not enough to meet the public, the American family, so the ancient people are ashamed and not tao. Therefore, Hou Deyin takes precedence, Ming Li righteousness takes the Tao, faithfulness is given to love, Shangxian can be rewarded with the second, Knighthood is celebrated and rewarded, and the current affairs are light, and the light is adjusted, and the long-term cultivation is like Bao Chizi. If the government decree is fixed, the custom is one, and if there is a deviation from the custom, then the people will not be evil, they will not be poisonous, and if they are ominous, then the punishment will rise. Is it a great punishment so add also, insulting or insulting? Will it be profitable? Then the punishment is added, the body is not crazy and ugly, who sees it and does not change it? Then the people knew the Dharma of cultivation, and they were happy like the will of the Above. Therefore, there is the ability to make good, cultivate oneself, do righteous deeds, accumulate etiquette and righteousness, and respect morality, and the people are not noble and respectful, and they are not honored, and then they are rewarded. Is it the addition of the High Lord Fenglu, the glory of the Great? Will it be harmful also? Then the high lord Feng Lu to maintain the support, the genus of the people, who does not want to? The noble lord of Carved Yan County was heavily rewarded in front of him, and the county was greatly humiliated after him, although he wanted to be unmotivated, could he care? The people of the past return to it like flowing water, and those who exist are God, and those who do it are transformed and obeyed. The genus of tyranny and courage is willing to be transformed, the genus of the private is made public, the genus of the reticent is adjusted for it, and the husband is said to be great to one. The poem says: 'Wang Yu Yunsai, Xu Fang has come.' This is also true.

Translation: "The actions of great mortals, which are only done for the sake of reward, then seeing their own interests harmed will stop." So rewards, punishments, and power fraud are not enough to make people do their best to give their lives. As a monarch, he did not treat the people with courtesy and faithfulness, but basically used rewards, punishments, and power fraud to intimidate them and obtain their functions. When a powerful enemy comes, if they hold on to the dangerous city, they will certainly defect, if they encounter the enemy, they will lose, if they arrange labor and tedious things, they will flee and scatter, and the people will in turn hold the monarch hostage. Rewards, punishments, and fraud of power as a method are actually a way to hire people to sell their strength, and they cannot unite the masses and govern the country well, so the ancients were ashamed to do so. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen moral prestige to guide the people, to guide the people with clear etiquette, to love the people with faithfulness, to honor the wise, to use capable people to place the people, to motivate them with titles, dresses, and rewards, to regulate them according to the seasons, to reduce their burdens, and to raise them, just like protecting babies. The decree has been established, the customs have been reconciled, and there are monarchs who deviate from the customs and do not obey him, then there is no people who do not resent and dislike him, there is no one who does not think that he is a scourge and a demon, and he is eradicated as if he were ominous, and then the punishment arises. Such a person is the object of great punishment, and what shame could be greater than that? Think this is advantageous? But the great punishment is imposed on the body, if it is not a crazy and despicable person, who will see this situation and not change it? Then the people knew very well that they would obey the king's decrees and obey the will of the monarch and be at ease and happy, so that there were those who could change evil and follow good, cultivate the body and mind, straighten out their deeds, perform righteousness, and respect morality, and the people did not pay attention to respecting him, did not pay attention to him, did not praise him closely, and then the reward arose. This kind of person is the object of the high-ranking official Houlu, and is there anything more honorable than this? Think it's harmful? But the high-ranking official Houlu came to provide for him, and who wouldn't want anyone? Clearly and clearly put the heavy reward of high officials in front of him, put the severe punishment and the greatest shame behind him, even if you don't want to get better, is it possible? Therefore, the people's submission to Him is like flowing water, and everywhere they have been, they have been comprehensively governed, and everywhere they have been practiced, they have been indoctrinated and obeyed. The fierce, strong, courageous, and strong people are educated and loyal, the partial, evil, and selfish people are educated and just, and the impatient and violent people are educated and calm, and this is called the pole of the highest enlightenment. In the Book of Poetry, it is said: "The royal way is all over the world, and xu guo has also come to obey." That's the case.

"There are three skills for those who are both human beings: those who combine virtue with virtue, those who combine strength with strength, and those who combine wealth with wealth. He nobles my reputation, beautifies my virtue, and wants to serve my people, so he opens the door to welcome me in, because his people, attack them everywhere, and the people are safe, and the legislation and orders are not in accordance with it, it is because of the land and the power is heavy, and the soldiers are strong, and they are both virtuous and people; not noble, not beautiful, not beautiful, virtuous, afraid of my might, robbing me of the situation, although the people have centrifugal, do not dare to have worries, if so, then the armor and the people, the people must pay, it is the land that is the land and the power is light, and the soldiers are weak, it is the person who is both the strength and the people; the non-noble my reputation, the non-beauty and my virtue, and the use of poverty to seek riches, If it is, it will be eaten by the man who is in charge of the millet, the treasure that is entrusted to the rich, the good and the division to receive it, it has been three years, and then the people are trustworthy, and it is because the land is gained and the power is light, and the people are poor, and the people are rich and the people are poor. Therefore, it is said that he who combines virtue with man is king, he who combines strength with strength is weak, and he who is rich is poor. Ancient and modern one also.

Translation: "There are three ways for any monarch who annexes another country: he annexes another country with virtue, he annexes another country with force, and he annexes another country with wealth." The people of those nations respected my reputation, praised my virtues, and wanted to be my subjects, so they opened the gates of the city and cleared the road to welcome me into the city, and I obeyed the customs of the people of that country, and did not change their dwellings, and the people were settled, and there was no disobedience in the laws and decrees they made, so they had greater rights in obtaining land, and they had greater power in annexing other countries, and they were more powerful in annexing other countries with morality. The people of those countries do not respect my reputation, do not praise my virtues, but fear my might, forced by my power, so although they have the heart to leave, they dare not have the idea of betrayal, like this, then there will be more and more soldiers, more and more costs of support, so get land and less power, annexation of other countries and weaker forces, this is the annexation of other countries by force; the people of those countries do not respect my reputation, do not praise my virtues, because poverty pursues wealth, because hunger pursues food and clothing, Come to me with an empty stomach and an open mouth for food, and like this, then we must feed them with grain from the granary and the cellar, give them money and goods to make them rich, set up good officials to receive them, and after three years these peoples can be trusted, so that they have less power when they get land, and they have less power to annex other countries, and they are poorer by annexing other countries, which is annexing other countries with wealth. Therefore, he who annexes other nations with morality is called king, he who annexes others by force is weak, and he who annexes others with wealth is poor. Ancient and modern are the same.

"Mergers and acquisitions are easy to be able to do, but it is difficult to be condensed." Qi can merge with Song and cannot condense it, so Wei seizes it; Yan can merge and cannot condense it, so Tian Shan seizes it; Han is on the ground, hundreds of miles away, completely rich and tends to Zhao, Zhao cannot condense it, so Qin seizes it. Therefore, if it can be combined but cannot be condensed, it will be taken; if it cannot be combined and cannot be condensed, it will die. If it can be condensed, it will be able to merge it. If you get it, it is condensed, and it is not strong. The ancient soup is thin, the king of wu is thin, all are the land of a hundred miles, the world is one, the princes are subjects, there is no reason for it, and it can be condensed. Therefore, the condensation of the people with etiquette, the condensation of the people with the government, the etiquette and the service of the soldiers, the peace of the government and the peace of the people. The soldier serves the people, the husband is said to be a great condensation, the code is solid, the conquest is strong, the order is forbidden, and the king's affairs are complete. ”

Translation: "It is easy to annex other countries, but it is difficult to hold on to and consolidate it." The State of Qi was able to annex the State of Song but could not consolidate it, so it was taken away by the State of Wei; the State of Yan was able to annex the State of Qi but could not be consolidated, so it was taken away by Tian Dan; the Shangdang of Korea, with a radius of hundreds of miles, a complete city and a sufficient treasury, defected to the State of Zhao, and the State of Zhao could not be consolidated, so it was taken away by the State of Qin. Therefore, if we can annex other countries but fail to consolidate them, we will certainly be taken away; if we cannot annex other countries and fail to consolidate the existing lands, we will certainly perish. If we can consolidate our own country, we will certainly be able to annex other countries. If you get the land of another country and consolidate it, there will be no strong opponents if you annex it. In ancient times, Tang relied on the land of Bo and the king of Wu by virtue of the land, both of which were the territories of a hundred miles, but they unified the world, the princes submitted, and for no other reason, they were able to consolidate the land they had acquired. Therefore, to unite the people, we must use etiquette, we must use politics to unite the people, then the people will submit if the etiquette is beautiful, and then the people will be stable if the politics are clear. The surrender of the soldiers and the stability of the people, this is called the greatest cohesion, used to guard is strong, used to conquest is strong, there are orders must be carried out, there are prohibitions must be stopped, and the cause of the king's world is completed. ”