【Spiritual Genealogy of Chinese Communists】
Let the magnificent faith shine in the snowy plateau
- "Two Ways" Spiritual Review
Guangming Daily reporter Zhang Wen Ziqian Gama Dorji
On the banks of the Lhasa River, a tall monument is hidden in the pines and cypresses, and the monument is written in Both Chinese and Tibetan characters "Sichuan-Tibet Qinghai-Tibet Highway Monument". Behind this tangible monument is an invisible spiritual monument - the "two roads" spirit of "one is not afraid of suffering, the other is not afraid of death, tenacious struggle, willing to be a road stone, military and civilian families, and national unity".
More than 60 years ago, more than 100,000 soldiers and civilians of all nationalities built roads to fight against the world, bravely broke through the "forbidden area of life", built the Sichuan-Tibet Highway and the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, ended the history of Tibet without modern highways, and created a miracle in the history of the world's highways. The "two roads" are like the motherland stretching out its arms to embrace Tibet, which is even more inseparable.
In August 2014, General Secretary Xi Jinping made important instructions on the 60th anniversary of the completion and opening of the Sichuan-Tibet and Qinghai-Tibet Highways: Under the new situation, we must continue to carry forward the spirit of "two roads", cultivate the two roads, and ensure smooth traffic, so that the Sichuan-Tibet and Qinghai-Tibet Highways will always become a road of national unity, a road of civilization and progress in Tibet, and a road of common prosperity for compatriots of all ethnic groups in Tibet.
This is not only an exclamation and praise for the echo of the historical spirit, but also provides a long-standing spiritual driving force for Tibet's development and national governance.
The Sichuan-Tibet Highway and the Qinghai-Tibet Highway are construction miracles created on the "roof of the world, which is known as the "forbidden area of human life," and are major achievements made by New China under the leadership of the party; they embody in a concentrated way the revolutionary passion of all ethnic groups in the early days of the founding of New China; they embody the lofty spirit of highway builders who forge ahead the more difficult they are, and the selfless feelings of the people of the country; they are interested in promoting Tibet to achieve a historic leap forward in the social system and rapid economic and social development; and they are interested in consolidating the southwest frontier. Promoting national unity and progress has played a very important role.
The spirit of "two roads" forged with blood and sweat shines brightly to this day, inspiring generations of people to continue to write magnificent miracles of struggle in the new journey of realizing the second centenary goal and realizing the Chinese nation's great rejuvenation of the Chinese dream.
"We Walk on the Road" (oil painting) Pan Shixun
1. One is not afraid of suffering and the other is not afraid of death
In the Memorial Hall of Erlang Mountain, Sichuan Province, Luding County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, the tear-jerking road construction stories deeply touched the audience who came to visit, and many old objects also witnessed the hardships and difficulties of road construction in those years. The Sichuan-Tibet Highway can be called a "museum" of geological disasters, along the line there are many high mountains and valleys, rapids and shoals, earthquakes, landslides, mudslides, swamps, avalanches and other disasters occur frequently; the Qinghai-Tibet Highway has to cross the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with an average altitude of more than 4,000 meters.
"One is not afraid of suffering, the other is not afraid of death" is a famous slogan shouted by the construction team of the Qinghai-Tibet and Sichuan-Tibet Highways in the process of road construction, and it is also a characteristic of the spirit of "two roads". When building the two most challenging highways in the world, the builders of the "two roads" carried the fearless spirit of not being afraid of sacrifice, unswervingly committed to their ideals and bravely moving forward toward the cause, fully demonstrating the revolutionary heroism of "perseverance and unremitting self-improvement."
Snowy mountains bear witness, the sky remembers. The sweat and tears shed by the road-building army blended together, and the two "heavenly roads" built with blood and life were laid on this reckless "roof of the world" like holy Hada.
Today, on the Sichuan-Tibet Line and the Qinghai-Tibet Line, there are still stories of heroes who built roads.
Although Erlang Mountain, known as the "first danger of the Sichuan-Tibet Highway", is only more than 3,400 meters above sea level, it is known as "Yinyang Mountain" by locals because of its unique climate. The sunny side is a cold and dry climate, the weather is often sunny, but the cloud side is very humid, when the construction was in the summer, there was a lot of rain, and often mixed with snow and hail.
At that time, the road-building soldiers and civilians only had simple tools such as hammers, steel shovels, and cross pickaxes. On the cliffs of Mount Erlang, the warriors hung themselves halfway up the mountainside, one holding a hammer and one wielding a hammer, at a huge cost of sacrificing 7 people per kilometer, and carved a road on the cliff.
At the Chiershan construction site, Zhang Fulin, who was only 25 years old, was hit by a boulder and fell in a pool of blood. He said to the doctor who came to the rescue: "I am very badly injured, I am afraid that I will not be able to do it, don't give me an injection, save a shot for the country!"
With the most primitive tools, the lowest cost, the least manpower, and the shortest time, the builders of the "two roads" are concerned about the country and the people, carry forward the spirit of struggle of "one is not afraid of suffering, the other is not afraid of death", withstood the double test brought by the difficult natural environment and the simple working environment, completed one "impossible task" after another, and wrote down one legend after another!
General Mu Shengzhong, known as the "father of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway", once carved the words "Tomb of Mu Shengzhong" on the shovel handle. He said: "If I die on this road, this is my tombstone. Wherever the road is built, bury me wherever it is, and my head must be in the direction of Lhasa. ”
What falls is the hero, what is paved is the road, and what is cast is the monument. Since the founding of the Communist Party of China, in order to win national independence and the liberation of the people, realize the prosperity and strength of the country, and the happiness of the people, countless revolutionary martyrs have been unswerving in their determination to go forward and succeed each other, and countless ordinary heroes have taken up the baton of their predecessors, shouted the slogan of "one is not afraid of suffering, the other is not afraid of death," struggled hard, made selfless contributions, and composed heroic songs that swallowed mountains and rivers.
The heroic spirit should smile and smile, and there is a flag person behind him.
Since the completion of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, a road maintenance team has been stationed along the highway. For decades, generations of road maintenance workers have fought against landslides and mudslides in the rainy season, and fought against ice and snow in the cold winter filled with wind and snow, selflessly guarding this "artery".
More than 30 years ago, Ma Kechang, then deputy station chief of Yajiang Bing Station, fell into a valley while on a mission, and the brothers Ma Min and Ma Zhihui lost their father forever. When the brothers grew up, they took the initiative to continue fighting at the Yajiang Bing Station where their father had fought.
In the Qi'ershan section of the Sichuan-Tibet Line, Chen Dehua, a road maintenance worker known as the "Iron Man of The Snow Mountain", made an oath: "Even if I die, I will also turn into a road sign and poke at this mountain!" ”
History flows endlessly, and the spirit is passed on from generation to generation. The spirit of "not being afraid of suffering and not being afraid of death" has long become a powerful spiritual force that inspires the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country to overcome all kinds of difficulties and meet various challenges.
2. Tenacious struggle is willing to be a road stone
Next to the Nu River Bridge on the Sichuan-Tibet Highway in Basu County, Qamdo, Tibet, stands an old bridge pier, and when passing vehicles pass by, they will invariably honk their whistles and salute.
Listening to the local people, a soldier accidentally fell into the pier that was being poured while repairing the bridge, the concrete quickly solidified, and the comrades tried their best to save his life.
Today, the second-generation Nu River Bridge next to it has been repaired, and the old piers have not been demolished, becoming a historical monument towering over the gushing water. Every Qingming Festival, the local people will tie white Hatta on the bridge to commemorate the road-building heroes.
At the beginning of the construction of the "two roads", China was in a state of poverty, poverty and weakness, although the proportion of the state's investment in the transportation industry at that time accounted for a very high proportion of the total investment in the country, but how to open up the "heavenly road" to Tibet is still a huge problem facing all road builders.
Due to tibet's remote location, it is very inconvenient to transport supplies, and the supply of materials for the "two-way" builders is often in an extremely difficult situation. In the harsh natural environment, the road construction army can only sleep in the snow. Building roads under extremely scarce manpower and material conditions can be imagined.
In addition, at that time, the construction of the "heavenly road" on the "roof of the world" also required a very high level of technology and rich construction experience, but these two points were seriously constrained by historical conditions. In the face of this situation, the road construction units have the courage to innovate and carry out labor competition activities, which have achieved very good results. According to the data, in two days, 54 people of the Eighteenth Squadron of the Sichuan-Tibet Highway Construction Detachment made 25 reasonable suggestions, and 6 of them were adopted; the single rammer machine tried by Wu Shaoyun, a soldier of the Twenty-fourth Squadron, increased the ergonomics by 306%...
With the joint efforts of the road construction army, on December 15, 1954, General Mu Shengzhong led the road construction army to cross 25 snow-capped mountains with three "weapons" of pickaxes, shovels and hammers, and built a 1,200-kilometer Qinghai-Tibet Highway from Golmud to Lhasa in just 7 months and 4 days, ending the backward mode of transportation that Qinghai-Tibet has been carrying people and animals for thousands of years, and building modern cities in the barren north of Tibet.
"Eight people in our family are now working in the transportation industry, and my father was a transport worker when he was building the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, and according to his recollection, there was no road in Tibet at that time, and the soldiers took simple tools such as hammers, steel shovels, and shovels, but what they wanted to conquer was the mountains and rushing rivers at an altitude of four or five thousand meters." Zhang Yulin, a maintenance worker in the general section of the Golmud Highway of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, said that from the pulling of rack cars to the reliance on animal power and tractors, and now to the mechanized maintenance of highways, the maintenance workers have lived in buildings, can take hot baths, have fresh vegetables to eat, and also use modern networks, and their lives have undergone earth-shaking changes.
It is precisely by relying on the feats of generations of road builders and road keepers that the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, which is now known as the "Suez Canal on the roof of the world", is the world's first road with all black grade pavement in the alpine permafrost area. In the highway era, it undertook the transportation of more than 85% of the materials into Tibet and more than 90% of the materials out of Tibet, and was known as the "lifeline of Tibet".
"To get rich, build roads first." For decades, with the opening and operation of roads, railways and airports, a modern transportation network with complete functions, close connections, easy access, safety, reliability, fast and convenient has closely linked Tibet with the rest of the world.
According to the data, by the end of 2020, the length of highways in Tibet has reached 118,800 kilometers, and the patency rate of townships and towns and organized villages has reached 94% and 76% respectively; the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the Lari Railway have been completed and opened, and the Sichuan-Tibet Railway has started construction; Qamdo Bangda, Nyingchi Milin, Xigaze Heping, Ali Kunsha and other regional airports have been completed, with 140 international and domestic routes and 66 navigable cities.
Looking at the whole country, the railway operating mileage reached 146,000 kilometers, and the high-speed rail operating mileage reached 38,000 kilometers, accounting for two-thirds of the world's high-speed rail operating mileage; the total highway mileage was 5.198 million kilometers, and the highway ranked first in the world with a traffic mileage of 161,000 kilometers; there were 241 civil aviation certification airports in China, with an annual passenger throughput of more than 10 million passengers. Transportation has achieved leapfrog development and has become a booster for China's economic development for a long time.
"Leave the repaired road to others, and keep the place where there is no road to yourself." It is countless transportation builders who have used their tenacious will and the ambition to be the first to make the "two roads" spirit never fade due to the changes of the times.
Idyllic scenery of rape flowers and barley along the Lhasalin Highway in Tibet. Xinhua News Agency
3. Unity of the military and civilian families
"Roads have been built on snow-capped mountains where no one has ever walked, buildings have been built where tents were erected before, and the Tibetan people are standing under the red flag, following the wise Communist Party, building their hometown, our hometown, the place where we grew up, and telling us how not to sing." When it comes to "two roads", it has to remind people of Luo Nianyi's song "Why Don't We Sing". Over the years, this song has been widely sung among the Tibetan masses, sowing the idea of military and civilian unity and national unity on the land of Tibet.
National equality, national unity and common prosperity of all ethnic groups have been the ethnic policy of our country for a long time. According to historical records, in the course of the construction of the "two roads," the central authorities demanded that the troops entering Tibet "march into Tibet and not eat anywhere," that they avoid fluctuations caused by rising prices, that they should not purchase grain in large quantities from the masses, that they should fully respect the history, culture, and religious beliefs of the compatriots of ethnic minorities, and that they should promote the unity of the military and the people and the unity of the nationalities.
Because of this, in the process of entering Tibet and building roads, the warriors never forgot to do good deeds for Tibetan compatriots. It can be said that the opening of the "two roads" is the result of the joint efforts of the road-building troops and the people of all ethnic groups in Han and Tibet. 20,000 Tibetan migrant workers participated in the road construction, and they joined hands with PLA soldiers to build roads and bridges, forming a deep friendship.
In the course of the construction of the Sichuan-Tibet Highway, a large number of heroic and exemplary figures have emerged, and more than 6,000 people's heroes and exemplary workers and more than 200 advanced collectives have been selected successively, and more than 3,000 heroic martyrs have been buried in the snowy mountains.
"In addition to directly participating in road construction, Tibetan compatriots also organized a huge yak transport team, which crossed mountains and mountains day and night, and transported 600,000 packs of various materials to the road construction site." Miao Guohou, an associate professor at Chongqing Jiaotong University, said that Tashi Dorjee, the leader of the Tibetan workers at that time, actively participated in the transportation work, cherished the materials transported, and set an example everywhere; Tibetan female workers Qu Mei Bazhen, Yang Ni, Bai Zhu, and so on were also advanced figures and labor models who were praised by people at that time. The people of all ethnic groups have united as one and united in their will to build "two roads" on the "roof of the world".
For more than 60 years, the "two roads" have been like two white hada floating down to the earth, closely linking Tibet with the big family of the motherland and also bringing about earth-shaking changes in Tibet. The data show that in 1951, tibet's GDP was only 129 million yuan, and in 2020, Tibet's GDP exceeded 190 billion yuan, its economic strength was significantly improved, and its economic structure continued to be optimized; in 2020, the total retail sales of consumer goods in Tibet reached 74.578 billion yuan, an increase of 2192 times over 1959; in 2020, the per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents in Tibet doubled compared with 2010. At the same time, during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, Tibet received a total of 157.6326 million domestic and foreign tourists, and the tourism income reached 212.596 billion yuan.
And economic and social development is also worth cherishing, there is also the friendship and national spirit of the people of all ethnic groups in the country who run forward hand in hand and do not let a single one be left behind, and Qimei Dorji, who is known as the "happy messenger of the snow line postal road", is one of its outstanding practitioners. As the mail truck driver of the Ganzi County Branch of China Post Group in Sichuan Province, Qimei Duoji has been driving mail trucks to transport mail on the snow line postal road with an average altitude of 3500 meters for 30 years, with a cumulative mileage of more than 1.4 million kilometers, without a single liability accident, and was awarded the title of "Model of the Times".
When encountering people in need of help on the mail route, no matter what ethnic group or place they come from, Chimi Dorjee will not hesitate to help. "As a communist party member, in addition to doing a good job on the snow line postal road, we must also unswervingly safeguard the unity of the motherland and the unity of the nationalities." The fate of every nation is closely linked to the fate of the motherland, and we must jointly manage our united, stable and harmonious homeland. Chime Dorjee said.
National unity is the lifeline of the people of all nationalities, and doing a good job in ethnic work is a major event related to the reunification of the motherland and the consolidation of the frontiers, a major event related to national unity and social stability, and a major event related to the long-term peace and stability of the country and the prosperity of the Chinese nation. On the new journey, we must continue to carry forward the spirit of "two roads" and let all ethnic groups in the big family of the Chinese nation be close to each other, watch over each other, and hug each other more tightly like pomegranate seeds.
Guangming Daily (05/11/2021)
Source: Guangming Network - Guangming Daily