Apple beetle (dù), a pest of the Lepidoptera curly moth family, is a destructive fruit pest, with strong adaptability, high fertility, serious harm, difficult to control, is one of the most concerned quarantine pests in the world fruit trade, but also china's strict control of quarantine objects.
First, the morphological characteristics
The eggs are flattened and oval, 1.1-1.2 mm long and 0.9-1 mm wide, slightly raised in the middle, and have no obvious patterns on the surface. At first birth, it resembles a thin wax droplet, translucent, and as the embryo develops, the central part is yellow and shows a circle of intermittent red spots, which are later connected in a full circle, and the larvae can be seen before hatching. The young larvae are yellowish-white, and the old mature larvae are 14-18 mm long, the head is yellowish brown, the body is mostly reddish, and the head is yellowish brown. The shield of the forecoccal thorax is pale yellow with brown spots, 4 pairs of gastropods, 1 pair of terminal gluteal feet, and the ventral toe hook is a monophalogue ring. The hip plate is shallower than the front chest shield and has 19-23 toe hooks. Pupae are yellowish brown , 7–10 mm long , compound eyes black , hind feet and wings exceed the third abdominal segment to reach the front of the fourth ventral segment , the second to seventh ventral segment has two rows of spines on the back, the front row is thick, the posterior row is small, and the back of the eighth to tenth abdominal segments has only l rows of spines. Adults are 8 mm long, have a wingspan of 15–22 mm, and are greyish brown. There are dark brown oval spots at the hip corners of the forewings, with 3 bronze stripes inside, 4-5 brown stripes in between, and the base of the wings is light gray in color, the lightest color in the middle, and a mixture of ripples. The hindwings are yellowish brown with an arc-shaped prominence at the leading edge.
Second, the characteristics of the hazard
Apple beetle moth to larvae moths to eat apples, pears, apricots, etc., causing a large number of insects to harm the fruit, and the larvae have the habit of turning fruit into harm, a larva can eat 2--4 fruits, generally only 1 larva in 1 fruit, a few cases will appear 2 or even more. The fruit that is eaten by the apple beetle moth is often easy to fall off, causing a large number of fruit drops when it is serious, and the fruit rate is generally more than 50%, and the serious fruit can reach 70%--100%, which seriously affects the production and sales of fruits.
3. Transmission routes
Adult apple beetle moths move at dusk or after dusk, with a few adults flying up to 10 km at a time. Female moths usually lay eggs on warm nights (12-30 °C), and individual eggs are laid on developing fruits and leaves. A pheromone may be stored at spawning to prevent multiple spawns in one place. Female adults generally lay about 250-300 eggs over their lifetime, lasting 4-7 days. The incubation period of eggs varies with temperature: 5-6 days at 25 °C and 4-5 days at 30 °C. The larvae are 6 years old and feed on the flesh of the fruit, and most of the mature larvae of each generation will shed fruit and form cocoons in the cracks in the trunk, the bark and the holes, overwinter in the form of old mature larvae or pupate and feather in the same year. Some of the larvae that have not shed fruit will form cocoons in the fruit box after the fruit is harvested, and spread in this form or directly with the transfer of the fruit.
Fourth, prevention and control methods
1. Strengthen quarantine: from the quarantine of origin, the quarantine of transportation, market quarantine and other aspects, market quarantine and other aspects, multi-angle blockade control of apple beetle moth.
2. Agricultural prevention and control: remove the zombie fruit on the tree in time before the beginning of spring, and completely remove the dry branches, fallen leaves, rotten fruits and weeds from the orchard, and burn or bury them deeply to eliminate hidden dangers. Scrape off the old bark and destroy the old wintering larvae that lurk in the bark. The trunk of the fruit tree, the old bark of the main branch and the main trunk, the tree hole and the crack wound are all overwintering places for this insect and should be completely removed. In order to reduce the base of the insect mouth, the insect eye fruit should be removed in time.
3. Physical control: the frequency vibration insecticidal lamp is mainly used to trap adult insects and reduce the density of insect mouths for prevention and control. The setting density of insecticidal lamps is 15-20 acres/1 lamp, which is distributed in a checkerboard or closed-loop type. The height of the insecticidal lamp is preferably higher than the canopy of the fruit tree.
4. Chemical control: it can be trapped by apple beetle moth trap or bound apple beetle moth binding belt. Emergency prevention and control can be selected from avie • urea, cypermethrin and other important prevention and control.
Contributed by: Municipal Agricultural Technology Service Center
Editor-in-Charge: Hongwen