Since the great unification of the Qin Dynasty, Chinese history has been divided and combined for more than two thousand years, and various heroes and heroes have sung and appeared in an endless stream, especially in the rising period of each dynasty, there has never been a lack of great achievements. At the end of the dynasty, the twilight is like the walking dead, but at this time, there are often a group of people who shoulder the expectations of the entire country with their own strength and become the "fire captain".
They may not be able to save his country, and today's people often criticize their "foolish" spirit, but this is also the charm of history, even if they fail in the end, they have also left a strong mark in history, and their spirit is worthy of respect, rather than criticism or even scorn.
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Two famous kings- Li Dingguo, the King of Daming and Jin
In the last years of the Ming Dynasty, the climate became colder during the Xiaoice period, and the reduction of agricultural production brought about a nationwide famine, and the chaos of the government, the corruption of officials, coupled with the war with Houjin brought a large number of Liao's salaries and the plundering of qing soldiers, which seriously increased the burden of the Ming people, and finally broke out the peasant uprising. Li Zicheng's rebel army attacked Beijing, the Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youjian entered the customs after hanging himself in coal mountains, constantly burning and looting, and shaving his hair in enclosures, and ethnic contradictions began to rise to become the main contradictions in society.
Li Dingguo was born in Shaanxi to a poor peasant family, when the northwest was in drought, coupled with the Ming Dynasty's horizontal conquests, Li Dingguo, who was only 10 years old, was adopted by Zhang Xianzhong as an adopted son, joined the peasant rebel army, followed Zhang Xianzhong in the southern expedition to the north, attacked Henan and Hubei, and achieved outstanding military achievements and achieved the great victory of Xiangyang.
After Zhang Xianzhong established the Great Western regime, the 24-year-old Li Dingguo was named General of Anxi, eight feet tall, handsome in appearance, and measured in his work, known for his tolerance and benevolence in the army, and when fighting, he was a leader and heroic, and was known as "Little Lieutenant Chi" or "Ten Thousand Enemies", and was a general of wisdom and courage in the Great Western Army.
Since the Entry of the Qing Army, ethnic contradictions have begun to rise to the level of the main contradictions in society. Zhang Xianzhong led the Great Western Army of 500,000 to the north to resist the Qing, and Li Dingguo led his troops to engage the Qing army, beheading many generals of the Qing army. Then in the Battle of Phoenix Mountain, Zhang Xianzhong was shot by the Qing army and killed on the battlefield, and the Great Western Army suffered heavy casualties because of the leaderless dragons. Fortunately, thanks to Li Dingguo and Zhang Xianzhong's other three adopted sons collecting remnants of soldiers, they were able to preserve some of their living forces, go south to pacify Qiandian, and begin to develop from adversity.
Zhang Xianzhong left his last words on his deathbed: "The Ming Dynasty has been orthodox for three hundred years, and may not refuse, and Providence also, I die, Er is anxious to return to Ming, not to be unjust", the defeat of the Great Western Army also made Li Dingguo feel his own mistake against Ming, at this time Li Dingguo wanted to submit to Southern Ming and restore the Ming Dynasty regime, and all the generals also supported him, so Zunsun Kewang was the leader, and the trend of the United Ming resistance to the Qing Began to take shape.
In 1646, Zhu Youluo, the King of Gui, proclaimed himself emperor in Zhaoqing, with the era name Yongli, and established the last regime of the Southern Ming Dynasty. Sun Kewang negotiated with the Yongli Emperor to "jointly restore the suppression" and demanded to be crowned King of Qin, and Li Dingguo had no choice but to remain silent in order to realize his wish of "joining forces with the Ming Dynasty to resist the Qing Dynasty". Li Dingguo seized the opportunity to stay in Yunnan, carry out political and economic reforms, reduce the burden on the people, and bring about a certain stability in southern Yunnan, training soldiers and horses, making armor, training elephant teams, and training 30,000 elite soldiers within one year.
In 1652, Li Dingguo led a march of 80,000 and 50 war elephants to attack Hunan, and before leaving, he signed five articles of the law: "Do not kill, do not commit adultery, do not rob goods, do not slaughter cattle, and do not set fires", Lianke Hunan towns, greatly destroyed the Qing army, and then turned to Guangxi, won the great victory of Guilin, and the king of Dingnan, Kong Youde, fled alone, and finally forced Kong Youde to burn himself and die, and the whole territory of Guangxi was also recovered. Li Dingguo was also determined to continue to recover the land occupied by the Qing army and restore the Ming Dynasty. Li Dingguo recovered 2 states and 16 counties in one month, with roughly 3,000 miles of land. The troops are not only highly effective in combat, but also highly disciplined.
The Qing army's successive defeats in Huguang shocked the Qing Dynasty, and it hurriedly appointed Hong Chengzu to the south, and Prince Jingjing Nikan to the south, leading 150,000 elite troops to engage Li Dingguo. Li Dingguo skillfully used ambush tactics, succeeded in one fell swoop, beheaded Nikan, defeated the Qing army, broke the legend of the invincibility of the Manchurian soldiers, and shook the Qing court and the opposition, planning to sacrifice 7 provinces and Li Dingguo to negotiate peace. Li Dingguo went out on a campaign for less than a year, crossed several provinces, recaptured Xiang and Gui, defeated hundreds of thousands of Qing troops, and set off a second anti-Qing climax.
The battle of Guilin and Hengyang, the capture of Li Dingguo, the two famous kings, the world was shaken. This is something that cannot be found in the world since the dawn of the Wanli Dynasty.
Unfortunately, Sun Kewang was very jealous after seeing Li Dingguo's outstanding military achievements. Not only did he withhold the silver and stop the Yongli Emperor from making him the King of Xining, but he also tried everything to kill him and prevent Li Dingguo from continuing to march, So Li Dingguo had no choice but to attack Guangdong from the south, but Sun Kewang himself was defeated by the Qing army, and the lost land that had been recovered was lost one after another, and the excellent situation achieved by Li Dingguo and the generals of the Great Western Army was destroyed by Sun Kewang.
Li Dingguo deeply felt that relying on his own strength was not enough to pacify Guangdong, so he took the initiative to write to Zheng Chenggong and twice invited him to attack Guangdong, but unfortunately Zheng Chenggong missed both times, plus Sun Kewang cut off material assistance, and finally Li Dingguo failed to attack Liangguang, and Li Dingguo's attempt to restore Liangguang's cause finally came to naught.
Because of Sun Kewang's perverse behavior, the Yongli Emperor secretly ordered Li Dingguo to return to Anlong to save him. After meeting with the Yongli Emperor and Kunming, Li Dingguo took charge of the power of soldiers and horses, treated Sun Kewang, and still proceeded from the overall situation of the anti-Qing Resistance and hoped for reconciliation. Who knew that Sun Kewang led an army of 140,000 to invade Yunnan, and before the battle, Sun Kewang's subordinates defected one after another, so Sun Kewang was defeated and defected to the Qing Dynasty, telling the Qing court all the relevant secrets.
At this time, Li Dingguo also disposed of the former Sun Kewang's troops inappropriately, weakened the combat effectiveness of the Great Western Army, and there was a rebellion; when Li Dingguo put down the rebellion, the Qing army invaded the south on the basis of Sun Kewang's intelligence, and by the time Li Dingguo pulled himself out to face the Qing army, the Qing army was already approaching Kunming, and under the condition of insufficient preparation, the peasant army collapsed in its entirety, and Li Dingguo's wife's family also died in this battle. ”
After the interception failed, the Southern Ming court decided to move, and due to the large number of people, Wu Sangui also took the opportunity to pursue, so Li Dingguo planned his last fierce battle before his death, the Battle of Mopanshan. Unfortunately, due to the tip-off of the Southern Ming ministers, the ambush battle became a battle of engagement, most of the Qing army was killed and wounded, and the losses of the Ming army were also very heavy, and the Qing army no longer dared to pursue it arrogantly.
After the Battle of Mopan, Li Dingguo insisted on resisting the Qing in southern Yunnan, refused to surrender, and relied on a small number of troops to negotiate with the Qing army. Soon, Burma detained the Yongli Emperor, and Li Dingguo entered Burma and defeated the Burmese army in succession, demanding the return of the Yongli Emperor, but the cowardly Yongli Emperor let Li Dingguo retire according to the request of the Burmese king. Soon, the Yongli Emperor was sacrificed to Wu Sangui, and then hanged, Li Dingguo also fell ill after hearing the news, and soon died of illness in the Mengla army, leaving a last word before dying: "It is better to die in the deserted suburbs than to surrender"!
Among the various figures of the Ming and Qing dynasties, Li Dingguo was a national hero who resisted oppression at the end of the Ming Dynasty; in the early Qing Dynasty, he was an outstanding commander who resisted the military conquest and tyrannical rule of the Manchurian nobility. Using soldiers like gods, there is a small Zhuge called. Moreover, the discipline is strict, Qiu has no offense, and the people are closely connected, and when the town guards Yungui, the people love the people like a son, and the people of Yunnan still regard the dingguo as the backbone of Dianzhong! Even the Qing Dynasty had to admit that Li Dingguo had the great benevolence and righteousness of the five uncles and the humble corporal.
If we do not talk about heroes in terms of success or failure, among the characters of all sides at the time of the Ming and Qing dynasties, Li Dingguo is a brilliant superstar, and no one else can look back on him. He has the brilliance of a big man, but also the shortcomings of ordinary people, but it will not affect his greatness!
May the people of Dian not forget Li Dingguo!