"A generation of famous generals, according to the outside of the pass, the inside of the pass, can be called the reciprocation of loyalty; The two dynasties are two courtiers, rebelling against the former lord and negatively returning the lord, and they are really not people inside and outside. --Anon
Regarding Zu Dashou's evaluation, there is a lot of controversy! In the world of great strife, whether it is the emperor or the general, or ordinary people, there are many involuntary, and Zu Dashou is no exception! The life of Zu Dashou, I quote the historical record here:
"Zu Dashou (1579–1656), courtesy name Fuyu, was a native of Ningyuan, Liaodong (present-day Xingcheng, Liaoning), a general of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and the uncle of Wu Sangui. In the first year of Chongzhen (1628), Zhen Shou Ningyuan won the "Great Victory of Ningyuan", was promoted to the position of forward commander-in-chief, stationed in Jinzhou, followed Yuan Chonghuan into the pass, and defended the Beijing Division. After Yuan Chonghuan was imprisoned, he feared being implicated and escaped from guanxi.
After Yuan Chonghuan personally beckoned, he returned to the Ming Dynasty. In the fourth year of Chongzhen (1631), he participated in the Battle of the Daling River, and in the face of the exhaustion of grain, he had to surrender. Flee to Jinzhou, continue to fight against the Qing army, and vow not to surrender. In the fourteenth year of Chongzhen (1641), he participated in the Battle of Songjin, and with the defeat and surrender of Hong Chengzu's troops, he led his troops to surrender to the Qing army, and awarded the Han army the yellow flag general and followed the Qing army into the pass. In the thirteenth year of Shunzhi (1656), he died in Beijing at the age of seventy-seven. ”
Zu Dashou film and television drama image
People who admire Zu Dashou will think that he is "a man who knows the times as a junjie"; those who hate Zu Dashou will think that he betrayed the nation and the country and is a refined egoist. In fact, after Zu Dashou's death and the stabilization of the Qing Dynasty, the Qianlong Emperor already had a "coffin-building conclusion" for him when compiling the history books.
Qianlong included Zu Dashou in the "Biography of the Second Minister", and the ancestral family produced five Grade A second-class ministers: Zu Dashou, Zu Zerun, Zu Zehong, Zu Zepu, and the adopted son Zu Kefa. There is also a Zu Zeqing in the "Biography of the Contrarian", which is not counting Zu Dashou's nephew Wu Sangui.
In the end, Zu Dashou was nailed to the pillar of shame of history, but it is undeniable that Zu Dashou was a generation of famous generals in the Liaodong Shubian at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and successively participated in the "Ningyuan War", "The Battle of Daling River", "The Battle of Songjin" and other decisive battles of historical significance. Some people say that the Ming Dynasty has exhausted its qi, and to be loyal to it is foolish; some people say that Chongzhen is incompetent, and to follow it again is to be discredited; some people say that the Emperor Taiji is the Lord of The Ming, and surrendering is also regarded as abandoning the dark and throwing in the light...
A biography of Zu Dashou in the Biography of the Second Minister
According to the Qing Kangxi engraving of the "Zu Family Genealogy", Zu Dashou died on April 15, 1656, the thirteenth year of Qing Shunzhi (1656), when he was seventy years old and eight, and was buried in Xinmu on the right bank of the Ningyuan West River, that is, "Zhenguo General Zu Gongmu".
No matter how many reasons there are, it is impossible to change the fact of "betraying the nation and the state", and it is exquisite egoist thinking that it will be glorious and rich in life after death, and even if it is cursed after death. After Zu Dashou died, not only did he leave a stink for ten thousand years, but also the bones could not sleep peacefully in the end, drifted thousands of miles, and arrived in Canada.
In 1912, Zu Dashou had been dead for 256 years. In 256, the Ming Dynasty fell, and the Qing Dynasty also perished in this year. China is in trouble at home and abroad, facing the danger of the subjugation of the country and the extinction of the species, countless benevolent people are running on the road of "saving the dead and trying to survive", and more Chinese people are insensitive and unkind, and like Zu Dashou, they are deliberately thinking about "protecting themselves".
China's chaotic world has become a paradise for foreign adventurers. In 1912, the British businessman Crofts came to chaotic China in the name of "doing business", he heard that many people went to China to "pan for gold" and made a lot of money, and he also thought of the myth of China's "overnight wealth" (there is also a saying that he was commissioned by the Royal Museum of Ontario to go to China to find a complete set of tombs of high-ranking Ming and Qing dynasty officials).
China is an ancient civilization with a history of 5,000 years, which is full of mystery in the eyes of Westerners. After arriving in China, Western adventurers searched everywhere for cultural relics and monuments, rare calligraphy and paintings, mineral treasures, and even rare animals. After finding it, they gave a small favor, and there were Chinese to help transport them out of customs, and now, many Chinese treasure logistics have fallen abroad.
After Crofts arrived in China, he actively carried out treasure hunting. Later, a poor Chinese low-class citizen (hereinafter referred to as a poor person) took the initiative to find him and told Crofts that there was a treasure. Curious, Crofts follows the poor man into the wilderness, and as the poor man cuts through the grass, a magnificent-looking tomb is revealed.
British fur merchant Crofts
The Canadians were about to come forward to check it out, and the poor man was on his knees and crying! There are words in his mouth, which roughly means: This is the tomb of the ancestors, the ancestors were once also high officials, I did not expect that the family is now in such a ruined state, born in a chaotic world, he really can't live, helplessly can only sell the ancestral tomb treasures to maintain his livelihood.
Crofts felt even more pity for this poor man, and said to the poor man, I will not pick the treasure of your ancestor's grave, but the whole tomb will be taken. When the poor man heard this, he was first stunned, and then he was very happy, and after he got a sum of money. Poor people helped Canadians dig up entire graves, and in 1919 Crofts transported all the tombs to large ships and smuggled them abroad by water.
Crofts sold the tomb to the Royal Museum of Ontario in Canada for a higher price. The Royal Museum of Ontario solicited customers with the gimmick of "Tomb of Zu Dashou, a famous general of the Ming Dynasty of China". "Things are rare and precious", Westerners who like to hunt for curiosity rush to visit the museum to see the "tomb". Today, the Royal Museum of Ontario still displays the "Tomb of Zu Dashou": "The tomb of the tomb, two stone men and one martial artist, stone camels, and stone offering tables, are all arranged according to the original appearance." ”
Zu Dashou estimated that before his death, he could not imagine that after his death, the "Zu Dashou Tomb" would drift thousands of miles in such a form to "settle down" in Canada, bearing a thousand insults and dying without a safe place! Truly pathetic and deplorable!
The story of Zu Dashou's tomb being stolen and transported abroad has been reported by CCTV Channel 4 and other media, and Zu Dashou's 12th generation grandson Zu Xingbiao (an authentic farmer who began to embark on a difficult journey of exploring and sorting out the history of Zu Dashou's ancestors since 2003) later responded in an interview with the media:
Zu Xingbiao
"This can't be Zu Dashou's tomb. Judging from our "Genealogy of the Zu Family", Zu Dashou's eldest son Zu Zepu was buried in Caoqiao outside the Right Anmen Gate on the outskirts of Beijing; Zu Dashou's stepson Zu Zerun was buried in Yongtaizhuang, Qinghe, a suburb of Beijing; Zu Dading's eldest son Zu Zehong was buried outside the Dongzhimen Outside the Beijing Suburbs; zu Dading's third son Zu Ze was buried far outside the Left An Gate on the outskirts of Beijing. It can be speculated that the tomb of the British businessman Crofts who was transported to Canada from the outskirts of Beijing may be the tomb of Zu Dashou's son and nephew. ”
However, when the Zu Da Shou family was prominent, most of the tombs of its members were seriously damaged, and it is also an indisputable fact that the Royal Ontario Museum exhibits the tombs of the ancestors of the zu family for people to visit, and now the museum's explanatory boards and electronic interpreters have not been modified, and they are still called "Zu Da Shou Tomb".
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