At the Battle of The Great Ling River, Zu Dashou, who was alone and defending himself, was forced to surrender

This article is an intensive reading of Chinese history serial 301, "Qing Dynasty History" serial 07, welcome to watch.

Although the Chongzhen Emperor had sharp ambitions, he was suspicious and impatient. In his 17 years on the throne, he actually changed more than 50 first assistants (equivalent to the prime minister), which is really "a man who has no long-term appointment in the dynasty, the official has the feeling of giving up, the lord has no faith and sincerity, and the subject has the habit of fat and wei"!

After the university scholar Sun Chengzong and others repelled the Attack of the Jin Army, they began to build a defensive line outside the Guanxi. According to Sun Chengzong's meaning, it was to concentrate all efforts on building the City of DalingHe first. Inspector Qiu Hejia divided his troops to build the right tun. At this moment, the imperial court dismissed the officials of Liang Tingdong, and instead decided to withdraw the army to Ji, leaving only more than 10,000 engineers and building two cities outside Guanwai, the result was that the Daling River project was only half of it, and The Emperor Taiji led the army to come.

At the end of August of the fourth year of Chongzhen (1631, the fifth year of Tiancong), the Later Jin army crossed the Liao River and marched west in two ways. Belledeg, Yue Tuo, and others led an army of 20,000, through Yizhou, between Qiantunjin and Ling; the army led by Huang Taiji, with 60 newly cast cannons, came from the white earth field to Guangning Avenue. On September 1, the two large armies converged under the city of Dalinghe, part of which was surrounded by trenches dug around the city, and part of which was ambushed in the pass between Lingjin and prepared to "encircle the enemy and fight for help". On the 13th, Emperor Taiji ordered another army of horses to drag the dust in the direction of Jinzhou, firing cannons and shouting, luring the defenders out of the city to be annihilated.

The defender of The Great Ling River, Zu Dashou, was rewarded by Sun Chengzong when he was a guerrilla, and when Yuan Chonghuan was supervising the division, he was promoted to the rank of forward general and hung up the seal of the general of the Liao forward, he was quite meritorious in battle. However, at this time, his Dalinghe defenders only had 7,000 cavalry and 7,000 infantry, plus 3,000 engineering and 2,000 merchants, less than 20,000 people.

Zu Dashou expected that Jinzhou would come to his aid, so when he heard the sound of artillery and thought that the reinforcements had arrived, he went out of the city to rush to kill, and was defeated by the Houjin soldiers. When the reinforcements really arrived, Zu Dashou did not dare to believe it and did not go out of the city.

Leading the reinforcements were the chief soldiers Song Wei and Wu Xiang, and the supervising troops Zhang Chun. A total of 40,000 reinforcements were lined up at the Changshan Pass, 15 miles from Dalinghe City. Emperor Taiji personally led 20,000 horses to attack, and Song Weijian attacked it; Emperor Taiji ordered two wings of cavalry to break into the camp, and Song Wei ordered firearms to be fired in unison, no matter how the Houjin army charged, Song Wei's camp was still standing still.

Emperor Taiji then ordered the artillery to bombard the Wuxiang camp with all its might, but it was also fiercely counterattacked. In order to burn down Houjin's artillery position, Wu Xiang ordered a fire attack, but unexpectedly the wind direction suddenly changed, the west wind turned into an east wind, and the fire actually burned his own camp and was forced to retreat.

Wu Xiang was defeated first, and Song Wei finally couldn't resist. On the way back, the Ming army was ambushed again, Zhang Chun and 33 other officers were captured, and countless soldiers were killed and wounded; only the deputy commander-in-chief, zu Dashou's brother, and the enemy Zu Dabi organized more than a hundred people, disguised as the Houjin army, and attacked Baiyun Mountain in the Emperor Taiji camp at night, which was the first but also the last counterattack launched by the reinforcements.

The reinforcements retreated, Zu Dashou defended himself alone, and after another month, the Jin army began to attack. They first attacked the fortress of the Arch Acropolis. Those forts, one by one, are several meters high, with barracks, grain depots, gun holes, observation decks, and upper and lower horse roads, all made of brick and stone. After losing Taibao, the city walls were directly exposed to the fire of the Houjin army.

Emperor Taiji then ordered the artillery to concentrate on bombarding the strongest caviar ridge, which lasted for three days, destroying the platform and surrendering Wang Jing. As soon as the caviar grazed, the rest of the defenders walked and descended, and Daling River City lost its wings. Coupled with the fact that the grain and grass in the city had been exhausted, the people and cannibalism, the number of soldiers was sharply reduced, and the Emperor Taiji repeatedly abducted and surrendered, Zu Dashou killed the deputy general He Kegang, led 14 deputy generals, 24 generals, and guerrillas, and went out of the city to surrender.

Contrary to the Chongzhen Emperor's impatience and suspiciousness, Emperor Taiji paid great attention to the surrender of the Han people and disintegrated the military heart of the Ming Dynasty. That Shenyang Zhusheng Fan Wencheng, in the Nurhaci period, did not have much power, when he arrived at the Emperor Taiji, he entered the Inner Secretary's Courtyard to play things, and even "must miss dozens of moments to start out", the Emperor Taiji was really obedient to him.

Fan Wencheng also worked hard for Emperor Taiji in particular, forcing the Ming Dynasty to unjustly kill Yuan Chonghuan's counter-plan, which was first proposed by Fan Wencheng.

Tong Yangsheng was a Han chinese imprisoned by the Ming Dynasty, and after escaping from prison and surrendering to Jin, Emperor Taiji also asked him to command the Han army and became the leader of one of the earliest artillery units in Later Jin. The Houjin Artillery Team led by Tong Yangsheng made great contributions in the Battle of DalingHe. The only Ming dynasty officials who were captured and died of hunger strikes were Zhang Chun, the overseer of the Battle of Dalinghe.

In view of the political and military corruption and incompetence of the Ming Dynasty, and because emperor Taiji attacked Korea twice in the seventh year of the Apocalypse (1627, the first year of Tiancong) and the ninth year of Chongzhen (1636, the first year of Chongdeok), the king of Korea also defected to the Qing Dynasty.

In the seventh year of the Apocalypse and the fifth year of Chongzhen (1632, the sixth year of Tiancong), Emperor Taiji used political and military means to appease and conquer the Chahar Mongols. Chahar Lindan Khan, who was dependent on the Ming Dynasty, was chased by the Qing army and fell into poverty, and died in Dacaotan, which was ten days away from Qinghai, and his wife Dou Tumen Fujin had to surrender. In the seventh year of Chongzhen (1634, the eighth year of Tiancong), Lin Dan Khan's uncle Maoqitat also surrendered. The following year, another wife of Lin Dan Khan, Su Tai Fu Jin, also asked his son Erzhe to hold the Yuan Dynasty's heirloom jade seal "Treasure of making the Truth".

Emperor Taiji's method of using both caresses and wielding and wielding at the same time is really very clever.

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The content of this article is compiled from the "History of the Qing Dynasty" of the Chinese reading book "Classic Chinese General History" jointly created by China International Broadcasting Publishing House and "Reading History".

There are 16 books in the complete set of "Classic Chinese General History", namely: "Xia Shang History", "Western Zhou History", "Spring and Autumn History", "Warring States History", "Qin and Han History (Part I)", "Qin and Han History (Part 2)", "Three Kingdoms History", "Two Jin And Northern And Southern Dynasties History", "Sui and Tang History (Part 1)", "Sui and Tang History (Part 2)", "Five Dynasties History", "Song Dynasty History", "Yuan Dynasty History", "Ming Dynasty History", "Early Qing Dynasty History", "Late Qing History".

This set of books was carefully compiled by more than a dozen older historians born in the first half of the last century and took several years to compile. From the historical migration of xia and shang to the late Qing dynasty, the panoramic depiction of 5,000 years of Chinese history is professional and authoritative, and it is easy to understand, suitable for all ages, passing down classics, and it is worth learning and cherishing.