Putian Hanjiang Confucius Temple - Zhengxue Gate
During the five dynasties at the end of the Tang Dynasty, there were many talents in Fujian, and Huang Tao was an outstanding representative of them. Huang Tao (840-911 AD) was a native of Huangxiang, Hanjiang, Putian, who later moved to Putian Chengguan Qiandai (present-day Dongli Lane, Licheng District). In the second year of Tang Qianning (895 AD), Jin Shi, the official Guozi Simen doctor, and later the staff of the King of Min, was awarded the title of Yushi Lixing, served as a powerful military festival push official, Xiang assisted Wang Zhizhi zhizhi of Fujian's outstanding political achievements, was a famous poet of the late Tang Dynasty, and was known as "the lord of the Fujian literary circle" and "the first ancestor of the Fujian Chinese Zhang".
Putian Scenic Spot - Tinggang Mountain Scenic Area
First, the trek of the field, the second ascent
In the fifth year of Tang Kaicheng (840 AD), Huang Tao was born in a poor family in Yanfuli, Huang lane, Hanjiang, Putian, and his father Huang Shan Zhou was a cloth cloth, although his family was poor, Huang Tao was determined to learn when he was young, and received a good education since childhood. In the fourteenth year of Tang Dazhong (860), Huang Tao, who was already weak, and his friends Chen Wei, Ouyang Jie, and Huang Kai studied at the East Peak of Lingyan in Nanshan, Putian (now at the Guanghua Temple in Putian). Ten years of cold window, reading poetry and classics, hard reading of words and articles, keen on fame, self-denial and morality, to cultivate self-cultivation and world peace as their own responsibility.
Putian Nanshan Guanghua Temple
In the twelfth year of Tang Xiantong (871), Huang Tao went north to Chang'an to seek a meritorious name, and after more than a year of long journeys, he finally came to the Tang capital. In the late Tang Dynasty, the Ministry of Rites would try to adopt the "public volume list system", which was full of ills, and the collusion between the secretary of state and the nobility was no longer the character article, but the mutual benefit and reciprocity between the township parties. Huang Tao first tried to fall in the first place, and finally experienced the danger of the science field. His "Lower" poem Yun: "Last night under the lonely lamp, I cried a few lines. The resignation family from the early years, the first fall in the first field." Tell his lonely mood after the defeat of the imperial examination.
The ancient city of Chang'an, the capital of tang
In the third year of Tang Zhonghe (883), the year when the imperial court stopped moving, Huang Tao returned to Putian, took his wife Chen and son Huang Jue, and moved his family from Hanjiang Huangxiang to Qiandai (now The East Of Licheng District), which is the eastern foothills of Wushi Mountain in the southeast corner of the county town, 30 miles away. During the Tang Dynasty, it was surrounded by mountains and the sea, lined with greenery, and the famous mountains in Putian, Hushan and Jiuhua, echoed each other from north to south, with beautiful scenery and pleasant scenery. He wants to change his life destiny by changing his living environment.
Putian Hushan Lanshui
In 884, Huang Tao, still fond of Chun Min Dabi, set out again for Sichuan in search of the Li Tang Dynasty, who had fled to Shu due to the Huangchao Rebellion. When Huang Tao Road passed through Ma Songpo in the hinterland of Guanzhong, he could not help but think of the past events of Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei more than a hundred years ago, and wrote "Three Songs of Ma Song": "As soon as the iron horse hisses across the river, the teardrops are scattered." Mingquan also felt the emperor's will, and he whimpered a lot. "The dragon's brain moves the incense and the phoenix remains, and it may be eternal and eternal." If the night terrace makes the incense soul present, it should be used as a firework. "Jinjiang Qingbi Sword Peak Qi, combined with the time of the thousand-year descent." Providence has never known the good fortune of Shu, and does not care about the fetal disaster from the moth's eyebrows."
Tang Li Zhaodao's works - "Ming Emperor Xingshu Tu"
Soon after Huang Tao entered the river, the news came that Huang Chao's soldiers had been defeated and killed. As a result, Emperor Tang took off and drove back to Beijing, and Huang Tao had no choice but to follow him to Beijing. Since the Anshi Rebellion of the Tang Dynasty, the fortunes of the country have declined, the imperial power has fallen, and the eunuchs who are also the head of the forbidden army (lieutenants of the Shen ce army) have become customized, so that eunuchs often have the power to support the emperor. Soon, due to the eunuchs' feud with jiedushi, the local warlords forced Kyoto, and the terrified Tang Emperor fled Chang'an again, and the imperial court continued to suspend the examination.
Tang capital Chang'an - Huaqingchi
In 886, the imperial court resumed examinations and admitted Jinshi and the 9th person, and Huang Tao fell again. Since then, the imperial court has released the list every year, and Huang Tao has fallen off the list every year. But he was still not reconciled, "Mo Dao is still at home and is not worried, Su Qinqiang brigade commander Qing qing is poor", still exiled to the capital, continue to wait. From the first exam that Huang Tao took in the fourteenth year of Tang University, after 20 exams in the past 24 years, Huang Tao was not on the list. During this period, Huang Tao's friends and relatives Chen Zhao, Han Wei, Huang Pu, Chen Cheng, Xu Yin and others successively entered the army and the first, which in turn enhanced his confidence from the side.
Tang capital Chang'an - Small Wild Goose Pagoda
Despite the poor road of the imperial examination, Huang Tao was still good at regulating his body and mind. Whenever the exam failed, he always had to leave Chang'an, banish the rivers and lakes, and tour various places, almost traveling through the mountains and rivers of the motherland. During this period, Huang Tao not only wrote a large number of poems, but also often sang harmony with the famous scholars Luo Yin, Han Wei, Cui Daorong and others. The unhappiness of his career and the suffering of exile and poverty made his mind gradually approach the people, hating the endless warlord melee of the late Tang Dynasty and sympathizing with the people caught up in war and famine. He wrote the "Book Affairs": "Looking at the years with an empty heart, a thousand men and women with a bow." Thousands of families are in the air for ten years", a poem expresses their own voice. These experiences laid a solid foundation for him to assist Zhi Min in the future.
Contemporary famous Liu Lingcang's work - "Wandering rivers and lakes"
In the second year of Tang Qianning (895), Huang Tao, who was erudite and tried many times, finally saw his name on the Yellow List of the South Courtyard. Of the 25 jinshi, he ranked tenth. On the same day, Huang Tao was overjoyed and wrote down the seven laws of the "Day of Release" to express his feelings: "Wu Tang took the most exaggerated, and the Immortal List was famous for Shu Xia." The white horse hissed thirty times, and the Zhumen Bing candle was a thousand. The Ascension Road of the Arm of The Emperor, the Xuansheng Feizhang Plays Rihua. Everyone can't come, Qujiang smoke water apricot garden flowers." That night, at the Qionglin Feast, Huang Tao gave poems to friends, expressing his bitterness of "attacking and recommending township books in the second century", and the joy of "entering the jia into the dragon and going to the list of surnames such as Ding Zuohe".
Tang capital Chang'an - Bell and Drum Tower
However, just when Huang Tao was still intoxicated with the joy of "a branch of immortal gui has been climbed", the chief examiner Cui Ning was accused of cheating for personal gain by the fallen sons. Of the 25 recruits who were admitted, except for Huang Tao and Cheng Yan, who were lonely and cold, the others were all entrusted by the magnates. After a period of discussion, Tang Zhaozong declared the examination invalid, issued an edict to retry, personally read the papers, and replaced Lu Shu, the head of the household department, as the main examiner. The result of the retry was the re-admission of 15 jinshi, the original Champion Zhang Yixian and others fell off the list, Zhao Guanwen, who was originally ranked 8th, was promoted to a champion, and Huang Tao was still a jinshi and the first. Of the 10 people in the next batch, 4 were announced by Emperor Zhaozong that they would never be allowed to participate in the imperial examination due to their poor writing, and 6 were allowed to try again in the future. Huang Tao, who has been conceited all his life and has a bumpy fate, finally became famous for the second time and the first time.
The Tang capital Chang'an – a corner of the Imperial City
Second, the Tang Emperor suffered hardships and had no way to repay the country
Huang Tao, like all new recruits, did his first thing to do was to return to his hometown and save his relatives. When he rushed to the Nanshan Dongfeng Library in lin miquan, he saw that the library still existed, and the xueyou of that year did not know where to go. There used to be the sound of books, short singing and long chants, and long songs after drinking; There is the leisure of sitting on the stone and looking at the moon, and there is also the hardship of picking up the lamp and reading at night; There is the forgetting of admiring the sages, and there is also the inspiration to look forward to the future. Everything seemed to be yesterday, but now that people were empty, only the thick moss in front of the hall and the windward dragon's eye tree in the court seemed to be telling him something. Back to his hometown, Huang Tao, sometimes in the Hanjiang Huangxiang Yanfuli old residence, sometimes in the East Li Yanfu new residence, he ushered in one after another of the old friends who once lived in Chang'an together, lychee boiled wine, longan roasted tea, poetry singing and harmony. Tell each other your heartfelt feelings.
Putian Nanshan - the former site of Dongfeng Shutang
At this time, Huang Tao's hometown of Hanjiang Huangxiang was not only the Putian Realm at that time, but also the cultural center of Quanzhou County at that time. Huang Tao and Huang Pu brothers both entered the army and the first, from the brother Huang Toad erudite Macro and di, and Huang Pu, became the Chongwenguan school scrivener, known as Huang Pu, Huang Toad brothers as large and small school books. Huang Pu's 8 sons are all heroic, learning to be rich in five cars, and waiting for time to go.
Huang Tao's ancestral residence - Huanggang Ancestral Hall in Huang lane, Hanjiang
Huang Tao's two brothers, Huang Zongfa and Huang Zongjing, learned Buddhism and became a generation of great monks. Huang Zongfa's strange deeds and deeds, out of the two tigers followed, said into a slur, is for the eight Fujian monks and customs of the Great Monk, known as the Miaoyin Zen Master. Huang Zongjing first learned tantra, and then learned from Dongshan Liangyi, changed to Zen Buddhism, secretly undertook the will, and silently passed on the heart, becoming a generation of senior monks of the founding sect, known as the Zen world, and was known as the Zen Master. It is really "talking and laughing, and there is no white ding".
Huang Miaoying's former residence - Hanjiang Guohuan Temple
The following year, Huang Tao went north to Chang'an to await the appointment of officials from the imperial court. Unexpectedly, Tang Zhaozong was held hostage by Li Maozhen by Jiedushi and imprisoned in Huazhou for 3 years. After the Huangchao rebellion, the former Huangchao's subordinates Zhu Wen, Li Keyong, a Shatuo who had provoked the imperial court several times, and Li Maozhen, who was born as a eunuch, became the three most powerful emissaries at that time. Zhu Wen's division occupied Luoyang and approached Huazhou, preparing to rob the emperor. In desperation, Li Maozhen decided to release Zhaozong. In the second year of Tang Guanghua (899), Emperor Zhaozong, who had just regained his freedom, was appointed to Huang Tao and others. Huang Tao, who had been waiting for 3 years in Chang'an, was awarded the "Four Doors Doctor". This was also the last thing Emperor Zhaozong did out of his own free will.
Guozijian - Jixian Gate
Soon, Tang Zhaozong was again held hostage by the eunuch Liu Jishu and imprisoned in the Shaoyang Courtyard of the palace. In 901, Tang Zhaozong, who had just been rescued from Shaoyang Temple, once again fell into the hands of Li Maozhen and was held hostage in Fengxiang, Anhui, Li Maozhen's old lair. In 901, the "Four Doors Doctor" Huang Tao, seeing that the emperor had been repeatedly held hostage, the Tang Dynasty mansion would fall, and his lifelong ambitions would be difficult to carry out, under the recommendation of His fellow townsmen and Jing Zhaoyin joining the army Weng Chengzan, this new branch jinshi who had gone through the three dynasties of the late Tang Yizong Li Yizong, Li Yizong, and Zhaozong Li Ye returned to Fujian after 24 years of examination, and defected to the Wuwei army festival in Fuzhou.
Fuzhou Yushan - "Pingyuantai" stone carving
3. Assist the King of Min, Anbang Huimin
Wang Zhenzhi deeply appreciated Huang Taocai's learning, and appointed Huang Tao as the inspector of yushi Lixing, serving as a moderately promoting official of the mighty martial army. The pusher, the adjutant, belongs to the type of official. Previously, Huang Tao's good friend Chen Yu had become dependent on Wang Zhenzhi; later, Yiren and Liang Kaiping's first-year chancellor Xu Yin also returned from Da Liang. Since then, Huang Tao has carefully assisted Wang In ruling Fujian, giving full play to his ambitions, advocating the reduction of taxes, light forced labor, and saving official expenses; emphasizing commerce, opening ports, and thriving maritime trade; building schools, cultivating talents, and developing local culture. These strategies to benefit the people of Anbang were adopted by Wang Zhenzhi one by one.
King min - Wang Zhenzhi statue
In early 903, Jiedu had Zhu Wen lead an army to besiege Fengxiang for more than a year, and Li Maozhen was finally unable to hold on and had to sacrifice Tang Zhaozong. Tang Zhaozong had just come out of the wolf's den and entered the tiger's den, and became the Emperor Xian of Han in Zhu Wen's army, not only appointing Zhu Wen as the deputy marshal of the various provinces and horses, and sealing him the king of Liang, but also giving him the title of "a hero who returned to heaven to rebuild and be loyal and righteous". A year later, although the world was still a prince, Zhu Wen still secretly ordered his troops to kill Emperor Zhaozong Li Ye and make Li Yu emperor. In 907, Zhu Wen killed the Emperor Li Again and could not wait to ascend to the throne and establish the Later Liang regime. The Li Tang Dynasty finally collapsed after 289 years, and history entered the darkest era of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.
Fuzhou Yushan - "The Soul of the Nation"
After Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty, the warlords who divided the various places one after another opened the country and became emperors, and the Central Plains chased deer, and the masses rose up together, and for a while the swords and swords in the world were shadowy, and the people did not have a good life. Wang Zhenzhi accepted Huang Tao's suggestion and enfeoffed Later Liang and Later Tang as Zhengshuo, so that Fujian could enjoy peace alone and be spared military disasters for 30 years in the face of chaos in the world and warlord chaos. In order to win over Wang Zhenzhi, Zhu Wen also gradually added officials to him, and in 909 AD, He was made Zhongshu Ling (Zai Chancellor) and the Governor of Fuzhou; In the following year, he was also crowned king of Min. Huang Tao's contribution to Kuang Zheng's help caused Fujian to become a happy land for a while, and the famous northern scholars Li Xun, Han Wei, Cui Daorong, Zhao Guanwen, Wang Di, and others came to Fujian one after another to avoid chaos, and Huang Tao treated these exiled celebrities one by one, and the celebrities "learned from the Lord Yu Tao" one by one, and arched him as the "lord of the Fujian literary circle" and made him the "first ancestor of the Fujian Chinese Zhang".
Fuzhou - former residence of the King of Min
Fourth, the leaves fall back to the roots, and they have left their names throughout the ages
Huang Tao assisted Wang Zhenzhi for eight years, and in the fifth year of Liang Kaiping (911), he left Fuzhou and returned to Putian to settle down. That year, he came to the Cishou Temple of Nangshan to hang his uncle Huang Miaoying and wrote a poem "You NangShan": "The mountain has a heavy sac, the door opens two paths obliquely, the sound of the stream is cold and the stream is walking, and the sea is colored with quicksand." Outside the temple, there was a tiger, and the old rain flowers in the hall. I don't know whose house fell one by one. ", leaving a rich cultural landscape for the ancient Temple of Nangshan Temple in central Fujian.
Putian Nangshan Cishou Temple - Miaoyin Fuhu Stone
In the same year, Huang Tao died of illness in the Dongli family at the age of 72, buried on the side of Wushi Mountain, about two miles away from home, the cemetery is near the gate of the present-day Putian Zheli Middle School, and the stone stele in front of the tomb has long been destroyed. The merits of Huang Tao's life were summed up by posterity in couplets: "Xiong Fan breathes fire, famous people gather in Nanzhou, rules and regulations discuss merit, and Minhai is called a promised land for a while." Yanfu Shishuxiang, Jia Kaidongli, Article Chuzu, Puyang Qianzai Yang Gaoxian. The "Outline of the General Catalogue of the Four Libraries and the Collection of Huang Yushi" commented: "Wang Zhenzhi knew that he had all of Fujian, and in the end, he kept the festival of his subjects, and the power of Tao Kuangzheng was more."
In the east lane of Licheng District - Huang Tao Ancestral Hall
As a politician, Huang Tao is also a poet. The Quan Tang Poems contain more than 100 of his poems, and his book Huang Yushi Ji was collected in the Qing Dynasty's Siku Quanshu and Series Integration. He also compiled poems written by Fujian poets from Tang Gaozu Wude to Tang Zhaozong Tianyou in 290 years into 30 volumes of Quanshan Xiuju, which was the first poetry collection in Fujian, but unfortunately it was later scattered in the chaotic world. A little earlier, Huang Tao's brother Huang Pu compiled Fujian's first biography of a famous man in Fujian, The Biography of a Famous Scholar of Minchuan. 600 years later, Huang Tao's eighteenth descendant, Huang Zhongzhao, compiled fujian's first local chronicle, The Eight Min Tongzhi, which shows the origin of Huang's family learning in putian Dongli.
Hanjiang Miaoyin Fuhu statue