Speaking of Sanmenxia, everyone knows the Hangu Pass of the Ming Dynasty, which is the Xiongguan That guarded the Qin Kingdom for two hundred years, and it is extremely steep and steep. According to this, the State of Qin could attack and retreat, and with two hundred people it could withstand the attack of one hundred people, so it was called one hundred and two Qin Passes, and the Qin people guarded this pass to complete the task of unifying the world.
Qin Han Gu Guan
After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, the world was unified, but the Han Dynasty implemented the system of half counties and half feudals, and the eastern part of Luoyang was still the princely states of the Han Dynasty, and the focus of the Han Dynasty's rule was still west of Hangu Pass, and Hangu Pass still played a role in guarding Guanzhong. Therefore, it can be said that before the Han Dynasty, Hangu Pass was the gateway to guard Guanzhong.
Hangu Pass is located in The Wangjiaduo, 15 miles north of Lingbao City, Sanmenxia, and the original Yellow River is close to the loess source of the north of Hangu Pass, and the source is also a towering primeval forest. However, after the Han Dynasty, with the cutting of the Yellow River and the cutting of the primeval forest on the yuan, Hangu Pass gradually lost its role.
Map of Sanmenxia Political District
In the first year of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao welcomed emperor Yu Xuchang and blackmailed the son of heaven to order the princes. However, Cao Cao's power was mainly in Henan, and at that time Guanzhong was still in the hands of Ma Chao and Han Sui, and Ma Chao was untamed and a fierce enemy of Cao Cao. In order to prevent Ma Chao and Han Sui from rebelling in Guanxi, Cao Cao built Tongguan at the bend of the Yellow River at the junction of Yujin and Shaanxi. At the same time, Weihan Valley Pass was built on the Yellow River beach north of Qinhan Valley Pass, and xiong soldiers were sent to guard Tong Pass and Hangu Pass. Since then, the east of Tongguan has been brought under the jurisdiction of Henan, so Sanmenxia is also the belly of Henan.
Sanmenxia is located in the Golden Triangle region of the Yellow River, which was the fiefdom of the Southern Zhou Dynasty during the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the territory of the Southern Yu State is part of today's Sanmenxia Shaanzhou District, Lingbao City, Shichi County, and Lushi County. Historically, there were five kingdoms, namely The Western Dragon, the Eastern Dragon, the Southern Dragon, the Northern Dragon, and the Small Dragon. The state of Yu was the fiefdom of King Wen of Zhou's two younger brothers, Yu Zhong (虢仲) and Uncle Yu (虢叔), who was enfeoffed at Yongcheng (雍城) in Baoji, Shaanxi Province, and was known as Xi Yu (西虢). Uncle Yu was sealed in the area of Xingyang Shuishui Town in Henan Province, and was called Dong Yu (東虢).
North and South Kingdoms
The two younger brothers of King Wen of Zhou were loyal to the Zhou Dynasty, so yu guo was a hardcore prince of the Zhou royal family, and had always faithfully guarded the safety of the Zhou chamber. Xi Yu defended against the enemy Lai Fan of Inu Rong in Baoji, and Dong Yu defended against Lai Fan of Dong Yi at Xingyang. The middle of the Western And Eastern Kingdoms was the core of the Zhou Dynasty, the Zongzhou Haojing and the Chengzhou Luoyang.
After the fall of Western Zhou, king Ping of Zhou moved east, and the western state of Yu made meritorious efforts to follow him to the Sanmenxia area and continue to defend the western gate of the Zhou Dynasty. However, the Eastern Yu Kingdom was not so lucky, and was taken in by the little overlord Zheng Wugong in the early Spring and Autumn Period, and destroyed the Eastern Yu Kingdom and the Xi Kingdom. The descendants of the Eastern Yu Kingdom were restored by the King of Zhou Ping in the Pinglu area of Shanxi, and were known as the Northern Yu. After the Western State moved east, it also left a small State of Yu in Baoji, Shaanxi, until it was destroyed during the reign of Duke Wu of Qin.
The Eastern And Western Gong defended the Zhou royal family
After the rise of the Jin Dynasty, they regarded the State of Qi as a stepping stone for the South Yellow River, so when the State of Jin was dedicated, it staged a good play of "False Road to Destroy the Qi", under the pretext that the State of Qi took in Emperor Quwo of the Jin Dynasty, destroyed the State of Northern Qi, and returned to the army and conveniently destroyed the State of Yu, and the territory of the State of Jin crossed the Yellow River and occupied the Sanmenxia area, strangling the State of Qin at Mount Kun, and the Battle of Qin and Jin took place on the Old Road of The Song Dynasty. When the Warring States arrived, the State of Wei built the Hangu Pass on the Kunhan Old Road to block the Qin people from going east, and after being captured by the Qin State, it became the Qin people's defense against the Six Kingdoms of the East.
In essence, the decline of the Eastern Zhou royal family began with the demise of Yu, and after the fall of Dongyu by Zheng Wugong, eastern Luoyang no longer had the power to defend the Zhou Dynasty, and Zheng Wugong began to challenge the authority of the Zhou King. After the fall of the Southern Zhou and Northern Zhou, the Eastern Zhou state fell into a three-sided siege of the Jin state, while the southern part was also the tiger and wolf state of Chu, and the Eastern Zhou royal family was isolated and helpless.
The Jin Dynasty was destroyed
Chinese civilization originated in Yangshao culture, and Yangshao culture was found in Yangshao Village, Shichi County, Sanmenxia. In 1916, Professor Anderson of Sweden stumbled upon Paleocene biological fossils when exploring copper mines in Shanxi, and later the exploration of mineral deposits was difficult to sustain, so it was adjusted to the large-scale collection and collation of Paleocene fossils, and in 1921, large-scale Neolithic cultural sites were first discovered in Yangshao Village, Shichi County, and the Yangshao culture was named Yangshao culture.
Ruins of Yangshao Village
Yangshao culture is a Neolithic culture centered on Shaanxi, Henan, covering the middle reaches of the Yellow River, west to the Tao River in Gansu, north to the Inner Mongolia River Loop, east to the middle of Hebi, south to the Han River, a vast area, and more than 1,000 sites have been found. The most important feature of Yangshao culture is the discovery of ground stone tools and pottery for agricultural production, as well as fishing gear and bone tools. Production tools are more developed, stone tools include stone knives, stone axes, stone hammers, stone chisels, stone arrows, stone spinning wheels for textiles, etc. Pottery includes red-brown pottery such as bowls, pots, bowls, thin-necked pots, small-mouth pointed bottom bottles, pots and stoneware urns, and all have beautiful geometric patterns and animal-shaped patterns. And found the original villages, cemeteries, kilns.
Yangshao culture in the Yellow River Basin traversed 2,000 miles, stretching for thousands of years, many cultural sites archaeological discoveries, with the literature recorded in the Yan Emperor Huangdi era of the creation and invention is very consistent, such as pottery manufacturing, textile clothing, painting and sculpture, writing, calendar, palace construction, etc., so Sanmenxia Yangshao culture is the birthplace of Chinese civilization.
Yangshao red faience pottery
The Sanmenxia area was divided into two during the Zhou Dynasty, with the Zhou Gong and Zhao Gong dividing Shaanxi and ruling, and the Shaanxi Stone Pillars in Shaanxi County, the Stone Pillars were thought to be Zong Zhou, governed by the Zhao Gong, and the stone pillars east of the Zhou Dynasty were ruled by the Zhou Gong. After the unification of Qin Shi Huang, Sanchuan County was established, and Sanmenxia belonged to Sanchuan County. Han Gaozu's ancestor Liu Bang changed Sanchuan County to Henan County, Sanmenxia to the east as Henan County, and the western part to the direct jurisdiction of Right Neishi.
In the fourth year of the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up Hongnong County at Qinhan Valley Pass, which had jurisdiction over eleven counties, covering the basins of Luo, Yi, and Huaichuan in present-day Henan, south of the Yellow River and west of Yiyang, and a vast area of Luoshui, shechuan, and Danjiang river basins in Shaanxi. Hongnong County continued until it was abolished during the Sui Dynasty, and was renamed Hengnong County in the middle.
Hongnong County
In the eleventh year (487) of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, his jurisdiction was equivalent to the cities and counties of Sanmenxia, Shaanxi County, Luoning, Shichi, Lingbao in present-day Henan Province, and Pinglu, Ruicheng, and Yuncheng in Shanxi Province. During the Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Henan Province, during the Northern Song Dynasty, it belonged to Yongxing JunLu, Nanjing Road, Yuan Dynasty belonged to Henan Province, and Ming and Qing belonged to Henan Province. In the second year of the Yongzheng Dynasty (1724) of the Qing Dynasty, it was elevated to a prefecture directly under its jurisdiction, corresponding to the cities and counties of Sanmenxia, Shaanxi County, Lingbao, Lushi, and Luanchuan in today's Henan Province.
After the founding of new China, the Shaanzhou Special Office was first established, and later merged with the Luoyang Special Office to belong to the Luoyang Special District, and later changed to Luoyang District. In March 1957, the State Council approved the establishment of Sanmenxia City, which is under the direct jurisdiction of Henan Province. According to the plan at that time, Sanmenxia City would develop into another medium-sized industrial city between the two ancient capitals of Luoyang and Xi'an. However, due to the rupture of Sino-Soviet relations in 1960 and the temporary difficulties of the national economy, the construction plan of Sanmenxia City was forced to be adjusted, and in 1961 Sanmenxia City was downgraded from a prefecture-level city to a county-level city. In 1986, with the approval of the State Council, Sanmenxia City was re-upgraded to a prefecture-level city. It has jurisdiction over Hubin District, Yima City, Shichi County, Shaanxi County, Lingbao City, Lushi County, Economic and Technological Development Zone and Industrial Agglomeration Area.
Sanmenxia Reservoir Dam
Sanmenxia City is a city established for the construction of the Sanmenxia Water Conservancy Hub Project, in order to eradicate the Yellow River, after the founding of New China decided to build a dam in Sanmenxia to intercept the gushing Yellow River water. On April 13, 1957, the construction of the Sanmenxia Water Conservancy Hub Project began. In December 1958, the flow was successfully intercepted, basically completed in September 1960, and on December 26, 1973, the first domestic hydro-generator set was put into operation to generate electricity.
Sanmenxia is located in the Yellow River Golden Triangle area, north of Shanxi Yuncheng across the river, west of Shaanxi Weinan City connected, the three cities have similar cultural environment, rich mineral resources, close contacts. Here is also the combination of China's central and western regions, which can communicate north China, connect the northwest, and reach the Central Plains, and in the national circulation, it can carry the east and the west, and run through the north and south. But it is also the fringe of Yujin and Shaanxi, and it is a hollow for economic development.
Yellow River Golden Triangle
The concept of the Yellow River Golden Triangle was formed as early as the 1980s, the early days were put forward by Shanxi Yuncheng City, Henan Sanmenxia City, Shaanxi Weinan City three cities, these three cities are adjacent to each other, natural conditions, resource endowment structure is similar, the level of economic development is relatively close and the social structure is similar, in order to cooperate and develop together, the concept of the Yellow River Golden Triangle was proposed, and the "Yellow River Golden Triangle Cooperation Zone" was established in 1986. Later, it joined Linfen City, Shanxi, which has 5. The area of 80,000 square kilometers of land and the population of 17 million is called the "Golden Triangle".
After decades of coordinated development, the four cities of the Yellow River Golden Triangle Cooperation Zone have jointly prepared development plans, jointly built infrastructure, and jointly developed in industrial cooperation and other aspects, and achieved remarkable results. In 2012, it was elevated to a national strategy, and the National Development and Reform Commission approved the establishment of the "Jinxi-Shaanxi-Yu Yellow River Golden Triangle Industrial Transfer Demonstration Zone". On March 31, 2014, the State Council recently approved the "Regional Cooperation Plan for the Golden Triangle of the Yellow River in Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan".
Sanmenxia downtown
The Yellow River Golden Triangle region not only has very developed transportation conditions, but also has very obvious advantages in mineral resources, aluminum, magnesium, molybdenum, copper, gold, glauber and other mineral resources are relatively large, land and water resources are abundant, and cultural tourism resources are abundant. The foundation of industrial development is relatively good, apple production and concentrated juice production capacity account for about 25% and 75% of the country respectively, forming an industrial system based on the production of energy raw materials such as coal and coal chemical industry, electric power, non-ferrous metals, as well as equipment manufacturing and agricultural product processing. The "Planning" requires that by 2025, the pattern of regional integration and development will basically take shape, and it will become a typical demonstration role of coordinated regional development in the country.
Sanmenxia Swan Lake
Sanmenxia City is an important city in the Golden Triangle of the Yellow River, connecting the Central Plains Economic Zone and the Guanzhong Tianshui Economic Zone, and the bridge role is very important. Sanmenxia City's gold, coal, electricity and aluminum processing industry advantages are very obvious, has found more than 60 kinds of metal deposits, and the reserves are not small. Power resources are also very rich, hydropower, thermal power, wind power have, the installed capacity of Henan Province accounted for 6.5%. In recent years, Sanmenxia has built a number of strategic emerging industries such as high-end equipment manufacturing, new materials and a new generation of information technology.
Sanmenxia's tourism resources are also very rich, with the Yellow River Sanmen Wonders in the north, the beautiful mountains and rivers of Lushi in the south, and the cultural resorts of the Yu country. Famous attractions include Sanmenxia Swan Lake National Urban Wetland Park, Lushi County Yuhuangshan National Forest Park, Yuguo Chemakeng Museum, Qinhan Valley Pass, Shaanzhou Underground Pit Courtyard, Yuxi Grand Canyon, etc., are all good places for people to travel for vacation.