The Shandong diary of Yao Nai, the first person in the Qing Dynasty

Portrait of Yao Nai

□ Zhao Ruifeng

Speaking of which, Yao Nai, the "Tongcheng Sect" who is known as the "first person of ancient Literature" in the Qing Dynasty, is no stranger to Shandong, because he repeatedly entered Beijing to take the exam in his early years, and he passed through Shandong on both trips. He once walked the canal through Linqing Zhangkou, Liaocheng, Wenshang, Jining and other places in the Shandong section, and all of them have poetry. For example, when he went north to Jining, there was a poem "Taibai Lou": "Li Bai ren lives in the city, in the ninth hundred autumns of this year." The blue sky and the east sea moon are long and hang south buildings. In March, Yang Huaxue, Yu Chun came to Jeju. With the empty water of the column, reminiscing about Cangzhou. ”

According to the "Annals of Mr. Yao Xibao" written by Zheng Fuzhao during the reign of the Qing Dynasty, in the autumn of the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong (1774), Yao Nai begged for an illness and was relieved of his official duties, and in the winter of December, at the invitation of his close friend Zhu Ziying, who was then the prefect of Tai'an, he arrived in the office by the wind and snow, and Chinese New Year's Eve and Zhu Ziying climbed mount Taishan to see the sunrise and write a poem to record it. After climbing Mount Taishan, accompanied by Nie Jianguang, a Tai'an man, he traveled north to Changqing, which was not far from Tai'an, to visit the Lingyan Temple in his territory and write "The Record of Youling Rock". However, this time, he did not go north into Jinan, that is, returned to Tai'an and returned to Beijing, and then returned to the south. Yao Nai has arrived in Jinan and has not visited, why not? It is not known whether it is a homecoming, or whether it is intolerant of bitter cold, or whether there is something else. However, six years ago, in the autumn and July of the thirty-third year of Qianlong (1768), he was the deputy examiner of the Shandong Township Examination, and stayed in Jinan for more than a month, which can be described as familiar with Jinan, which was the main reason.

In the autumn of the thirty-third year of Qianlong (1768), Yao Nai's situation as the deputy examiner of the Shandong Township Examination this time was not covered by his contemporaries and descendants about his deeds, epitaphs, annals and genealogies. The recently published Collected Poems of Yao Nai, which was proofread by Ming in the middle of the week, is the first to include the "Diary of Xianglu who Cherished Xianglu" (hereinafter referred to as the "Diary"), which was not previously found in any other collection of Yao's poetry, and recorded the main activities of Yao Nai's envoy Lu in more detail.

According to the Diary, Yao Nai came to Lu on July 21, 33rd of Qianlong and Zhu Kezhai, the examiner of Shandong Province, who braved the rain to go south to Lu, because the road was often overwhelmed by water and the river broke the embankment, so he walked the road for nine days and entered the Shandong border on the 30th. Thirty Days Diary: "... Chengshan and the provincial officials came to pick them up. After dinner, travel twenty miles, cross the canal to Texas. Lian Ri and Ke Zhai live in the same hall, which is the Japanese branch house, west of Suzhou City. The next day, August 1, the Diary of that day: "Thirty miles away from the city to the Yellow River cliff, into the dim sum ... Another thirty miles to the east of plain city. There is Huaiyan Lugong, who wrote a poem: 'Wind and dust twenty-four states are dim, who is always in the mountains and the earth gate?' The brothers in their early years did not know each other, but in their twilight years, they were still loyal and strong. Sadness in the world, as if the soul of a martyr. Worship the west wind to the bottom, depression and autumn air fill the plains. The poem is desolate and tragic, expressing infinite admiration and admiration for Yan Lugong's loyal and righteous spirit. The diary of the fourth grade: "Early transition... Travel, pass through a mountain, and also pass the standard mountain. Looking down at Jinan, the smoke scenery on the side of the bank is picturesque. After four or five miles, the public opinion never picked up, but more into the east city of Jinan, and lived with Ke Zhai, a street. It is a day to close the door, and there is no one to see. It can be seen that when he first arrived in Jinan, Jinan left a good impression on Yao Nai.

On the fifth day of the first month, the "Diary" reads: "Let people wait for the provincial officials with their names, and the Si Dao sent people to send the regulations of the science field and the notes on the feast ceremonies, and then they sent down the posts to invite them to the honest banquet." This is actually the preparation before the township test. The next day, the "Diary" gave a detailed account of Si Daofan's three quick invitations, his visit to the Inspector Yamen to attend a banquet, and the probation officers he saw and the honest officials of each room arranged in the order of "Spring and Autumn", "Poetry", "Yi", and "Book". Among them, the inspector Cai Caixia of Yizhou Shouhuzhou and the "Spring and Autumn House" Puzhou Mugui'an person Pan Retired Ting were all yao Nai's uncle Yao Fan's old friends, while the "book three rooms" Fushan Ling'an township man Pan Jingfeng was in the same year as his 癸未 (1763) in the Beijing Huihui trial, and the "poetry one room" Zou County Lingxian county people Kong Chuan Chuan Gengwu nian (1750) held the Jiangnan Township examination in the same year. This is also more convenient for the work of the deputy examiner. This diary and the last two days of the diary provide later researchers with rare scientific research materials about the middle of the Qing Dynasty. From about July 6, Yao Nai was busy with official duties until the end of early September, with more than one month. The diary during this period of time is lost, of course, mainly because of busyness, no time to look around, in addition, is it not convenient to remember it because it is involved in secrets? I think there is.

Jinan has many famous mountain scenery, Yao Nai is also known to hear, "a lifetime is good to enter the famous mountain tour", he has the opportunity to come to the city, but also how to easily miss, as long as you have time, naturally indispensable to his figure. Sure enough, in September of this year, the work of the deputy chief examiner of the Shandong Township Examination finally came to an end, and he could not stop youxing, and on the day before the Chongyang Festival, he did not know whether to travel alone or with a companion to thousands of Buddhas.

Yao Nai did not hesitate to write an inscription poem, which is "Climbing the Top of a Thousand Buddhas on September 8th": "Mount Tai is out of the clouds, and the sky is half-pale." Liang Song and DongMing, Wanli ring its feet. Yin Mountain walked Jinan, and Xuetao was still running. The momentum is getting higher and higher, and there is no foothills. Zhen Yi Dou went straight up, and Zhi Dian overtook the aid wood. The leaves fall under the spring, and the autumn wind scatters the sea song. A roll of Hua is not not noted, dragging clouds dotted green. Seeing the mountain flowers blooming, Gu Zhi zhi bird jump. The cold can not stay, return to pan autumn chrysanthemum. "The poet depicted with a clear brush the magnificent scenery seen on the top of the Thousand Buddhas Mountain, which is amazing to read. On the same day, when I went to Qianfo Mountain, I returned to Baotu Spring, and it was already twilight, but I drank in Zhang's Garden, that is, there is a poem "From the Thousand Buddhas Temple Back to Baotu Spring Twilight Drink Zhang's Garden", which has a sentence: "Daming Lake moving water and clouds are white, Hua bu smoke is green" "The lotus is in chaos under the willows, and the sunset is passing away. But he went into the desert garden to wash and sit, and there was a small spring next to it. The so-called small spring of the last sentence is obviously not Baotu Spring, but with its surrounding springs, it is unknown what kind of spring it is.

Probably during the day to climb the Thousand Buddha Mountain and the twilight drinking spring, it is still unable to soothe Mr. Yao's heart of good swimming, and at night, he boats lightly across Daming Lake, and his travel is flourishing, and the poetry is not reduced, because it is also chanted into the poem "Daming Lake Night": "The South Mountain has turned dark, and I see the light of Ming Lake." In autumn, Jinan Guo, the river is long. The middle stream is on the crescent moon, and the light boat is wandering again. Smokey Gull Heron Lodge, Bo Shen Lu Di Cang. Lonely to still in the middle of the night, back to the city of Qu Cool. High mist, zero frost under the temple spines. The Buddha is Standing Wei, and the famous scholar is thinking about Tang. After the annunciation, the sound traces will always look at each other. "Reading implicitly paints a "Moonlit Night Map of Bright Lake".

This was what Yao Nai did two days before he left Jinan and returned to Beijing. Two days later, on September 11, he left Jiji, according to the "Diary" on that day: "Out of the city, travel fifty miles to the Qi River." Sixty miles to Yucheng, but one more. "Diary of the Twelfth Day": "Seventy miles to the plains, and eighty miles to Delhi, the house of Brother Su Luonian." At this point, it left the Shandong border and ended the trip in Lu. Since then, Yao Nai has never been to Jinan.

During the period when Yao Nai was the deputy examiner of the Shandong Township Examination, he selected a number of talents who could be created for the country, among which Qufu Kong Guangsen (1753-1787), who studied under Yao Nai and was praised by him as one of the "Three Juns" (Kong Guangsen, Ma Congxian, and Ma Zonglian), took the Zhongxiang Examination at the age of 17; three years later, he would pass the first examination and be awarded the Hanlin Yuan Shu jishi. Later, he was promoted to the academic arena for the Yao Nai Award, and was good at writing, becoming one of the famous eight masters of the Qing Dynasty. In middle age, he was killed by his father, mourned excessively, and unfortunately died at the age of 35. When his teacher Yao Nai heard about it, he lamented it and mourned it with poetry.

There are still several pages of fragments of the "Diary" after it, and according to the editor's "Appendix", it is "like a reporter when he went north from Tongcheng". According to the Diary, Yao Nai first by land, then by water, and then by land, and then by land, roughly along the canal line north, on the eighteenth day (the year and month are unknown, according to the previous record should be spring day) out of jiangnan and into the Shandong border. Somehow, Yao Nai did not continue through Tancheng and Yizhou, taking the East Road Guandao north, but turned northwest through Taierzhuang, malantun, and Yinping Town, and went straight to the north of the Middle Road Guandao, which passed through Shandong. However, the "Diary" ended abruptly on the eighteenth day of Yuwen, and then lost it, which is regrettable. After The hanging of Yao Nai in Wenshang, the famous Liang general Wang Yanzhang (a liangshan person) wrote two poems. The second is the seven absolutes, clouds: "Spring Valley Creek flowers in April, Han Yin light rain wheat autumn sky." The mountain where the sun shines out, remember to look at the corner of the Junjia house. ”

Later, when Yao Nai returned to Li in the south in the fortieth year of Qianlong (1775), when he walked through the canal through Shandong and passed through Wenshang, he composed the poem "Wenshang Boat", which was just in the spring, so the first link was known: "The spring breeze welcomes me from Jianghuai, and the willows on the shore will gradually bloom." The next few sentences are: "Look at the floating wen to go to the room, and count the mountains like a picture into the boat." The microwave sunset is in front of you, and the birds are in the air. Want to go to the Jilou to call Li Bai, the moon Cheng Canghai jade for the cup. "It is the spring when the willows on the shore are blooming, the grass is long and the warblers are flying, the mood is comfortable, and the Party has to be dismissed, "for a long time in the cage, back to nature", so the poem is full of a heroic and optimistic spirit, which is quite moving.

After Yao Nai resigned his official position, he rotated south, and the following year, the two Huai Salt Transports made Zhu Ziying build the Plum Blossom Academy and extend his mastership. Autumn, to Yangzhou. In the forty-second year of Qianlong (1777), with his efforts to repair the "Four Libraries Book", a minister played a role in supplementing his officials. Ren Youzhi (Siku Shuguan, Yao Nai's colleague) was also one of the supplementary officials, because of his passing through Yangzhou, he invited Yao Nai to enter the capital, and Yao resigned with his mother. Since then, Yao Nai's footsteps have not far north of Yangzhou. Shandong, which had been experienced repeatedly, never had the opportunity to meet him again, but the landscapes and rivers of Qilu land did not haunt him, but they were unforgettable after all.

【Source: Qilu Evening News】

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