"In the three hundred years of the Qing Dynasty, the literature did not exist, and there were still people who could be examined in the disaster of the literal prison? A: Yes, but its harshness is no worse than that of the early Qing Dynasty" - Gu Jiegang
The definition of the word prison in the "Hanyu Da Dictionary" and the "Encyclopedia of China" is not exactly the same, but it is generally believed that this is an act of deliberately fabricating crimes to eliminate dissidents, or prisons, and its ultimate purpose is to suppress Han intellectuals and maintain the authoritarian rule of the Manchu Qing, but this is from an objective and grand point of view, for Qianlong, who has built more than 130 text prisons, his purpose is sometimes like this, sometimes that, he is more self-sufficient, why do you say so?
Let's say that the dispute between Qianlong and Yin Jiaquan began and ended, Yin Jiaquan was born in 1711 AD, a native of Hebei, he had a good father, called Yin Huiyi, who was known for his filial piety from childhood, and later went to the official road in high school, did a lot of practical things, including revitalizing the science of science, updating the "Luo Xue Compilation", and then gave lectures to the disciples and civilians, known as Mr. Jianyu, and also opened warehouses to relieve the disaster, and also purchased land to settle these disaster victims, so that the reputation was not low.
Under the influence of his father, Yin Jiaquan also read a lot of books from an early age, and when he grew up, he went to the official road through the imperial examination, and the most brilliant moment of his life was, as a Taoist gentleman, he suggested that Qianlong teach Zhu Xi's "Primary School" to Manchu disciples, "Primary School" is specially used to publicize the way of Confucius and Mencius, instilling feudal ideas in kindergarten teaching materials, in line with the interests of Qianlong as an emperor, so when Yin Jiaquan proposed, he was immediately appreciated by Qianlong.
There is also during the reign of conscientious, honest, there are many works, so the promotion is also natural, when he finally worked to old age, he is already the sanpin Dali Temple Zhengqing, this position is equivalent to the current president of the Supreme Court, it can be said that he has been a very big official, until 1980 he retired back to his hometown, it is also beautiful, it is reasonable to say that at this time Yin Jiaquan should be at home at home at ease to retire, but he can not avoid old age to be confused.
In 1781 AD, Qianlong, who likes to travel everywhere, came to Baoding, Hebei Province, and also came to Yin Jiaquan's hometown, Yin Jiaquan was very excited and excited, thinking that he was an old minister, when he took over the grand ceremony, he should also be invited to appear, in fact, this driving ceremony did not do anything, that is, kneeling on the side of the road and shouting a few words "Long live the emperor", but because not everyone can go, so this is also a multi-faceted thing, Yin Jiaquan wants this face.
It was only left and right, did not wait for people to come to invite him, a question to know that the governor of the direct subordinate governor did not agree to him to go, seeing that the regular channels did not work, Yin Jiaquan thought of another way to make himself famous, that is, to let his son write a letter, ask Qianlong to give his father Yin Hui a nickname, and also let his father and the founding ministers invite into the Confucius Temple to enjoy the sacrifice, if Qianlong agreed that Yin Jiaquan had a highlight moment, but his calculations failed.
Because he obviously overestimated his father's position in the whole dynasty and the weight in Qianlong's heart, Qianlong replied to him like this: "It is the state's canon, how can we ask for it?" This song should have been punished, and nian Ru was the private affair of father and son, so it was spared. If you are restless in your home again, you must not be guilty! "This means that your father still can't have a nickname, give me honestly don't think of something useless, otherwise I will be punished, and as a result, Yin Jiaquan does not listen, and Qianlong is angry that qianlong scolds him for being a dog - barking."
Not only was he angry, Qianlong wanted to kill him, ordered people to arrest him, and demanded that he be "punished severely", but although Yin Jiaquan was old and confused, he was a clean and honest official all his life, and he was also highly educated and cultivated, where is there any place where he can cure the crime? The university scholar Yinglian could only confiscate Yin Jiaquan's family property, pack away 311 sets of books in his family's collection, 1539 loose books, and fragments of unbound books, calligraphy, paintings, and letters, and then try to find evidence of the crime from inside.
They spent half a month searching through all the texts in his house, and indeed found hundreds of rebellions, such as Yin Jiaquan calling the death of his parents "Xue", which is a word that can only be used by people with titles and above; and Yin Jiaquan also called himself "Ancient Rare Old Man", and it is necessary to know that Qianlong wrote a poem saying that he was an ancient rare old man, and also carved a chapter of an ancient rare old man.
This made Qianlong even more angry, but about his ending, not only a death statement, according to Feng Fuquan records, in fact, Yin Jiaquan was spared a death, the cause was that before the death, Qianlong regretted a little, decided to see Yin Jiaquan's reaction first, so let the minister go with wine and vegetables, even if at this time Yin Jiaquan was not like the person who wrote twice to ask for a nickname, but calmly and calmly ate 2 pieces of meat and drank 3 glasses of wine.
After the chancellor returned, he prayed truthfully, and as soon as Qianlong heard it, he felt that Yin Jiaquan still had the heart to eat slowly and rationally, and indeed he was not so old and confused, probably just a ghost, so later he summoned him again, and after counting him down, he spared him again, but his writings, the books he had written, and the inscriptions he had written were all destroyed, and he was essentially a victim of the literal prison.
However, the Qianlong Character Prison obviously did not think so much, he just wanted to kill someone, the other party also happened to be a civilian official, so he took the text to play, did not want to kill, and it seemed that nothing happened, from this point of view, the original purpose of the Text Prison was the emperor's selfishness, in essence, it was an abuse of imperial power, to say that it is not enough to persecute the intellectuals, of course, it is undeniable that there is indeed an emperor, there is an emperor of a certain word prison for this purpose.