Portrait of Princess Wencheng
Princess Wencheng is known to everyone, the Tang Dynasty's Princess Heqin, she married Songzan Gampo in 640 on the orders of Emperor Taizong of Tang and married Songzan Gampo, and Li Daozong, the king of Jiangxia, sent her to Tibet.
Songtsan Gampo had heard as early as 634 that both the Turks and Tuguhun had married Tang princesses as concubines, so he also sent envoys to offer to marry a Tang princess, but Tang Taizong, believing that Tubo was insignificant, refused this request.
Portrait of Songtsan Gampo and Princess Wencheng marrying
Enraged, Songzan Gampo directly sent troops to attack the Tang Dynasty's Songzhou (present-day Songpan, Sichuan), and sent emissaries to Chang'an to threaten Tang Taizong, claiming that if the Tang Dynasty did not agree to peace, Tubo would invade the Tang Dynasty on a large scale. Han Wei, the governor of Songzhou in the Tang Dynasty, led an army to meet the battle and was defeated by Tubo.
Later, Tang Taizong Li Shimin sent three large armies to attack Tubo, and the tang dynasty's strength greatly shocked Songzan Gampo, and Songzan Gampo sent Lu Dongzan to Chang'an, offering "five thousand taels of gold, playing hundreds of things from Yu Bao" to apologize for his sins, and repeatedly urged and kissed, during the Zhenguan years, because the Tang Dynasty was too powerful, Tubo was completely insufficient to compete with it.
Songtsen Gampo
Later, Emperor Taizong of Tang still agreed to Songzan Gampo's request for peace, and it was Songzan Gampo who built the Potala Palace for marrying Princess Ruzun and Princess Wencheng. In the fifteenth year of Zhenguan (641), Li Daozong, the king of Jiangxia County and the Rebbe Shangshu, escorted Princess Wencheng into Tubo and took the statue of Shakyamuni, treasures, scriptures, and 360 volumes of classics as a dowry. Songtsen Gampo rushed from Luoji (present-day Lhasa, Tibet) to Baihai (Baihai is southwest of Wuhai, and Wuhai is more than 2,000 miles southwest of Qinghai) to greet him.
Tang made him the Duke of Tuoma and the King of Xihai County. After that, Tubo and the Tang Dynasty became allies, and Songzan Gampo sent the sons of nobles to Chang'an to study poetry, and then sent troops to Tianzhu to rescue Tang envoys, but this alliance broke down shortly after Songzan Gampo's death. Princess Wencheng established the Jokhang Temple in the north of Lhasa to enshrine the Buddha statues she brought to Tubo.
Jokhang Temple
Soon after Princess Wencheng married Songzan Gampo, Songzan Gampo personally conquered Zhangxiong and spent three years annexing Zhangxiong. Princess Wencheng and Songtsen Gampo lived for only a few years, and there were no children between them, after which Princess Wencheng was widowed in Tubo for thirty years. But she used her skills, ingenuity and cultivation to win the respect of the Tubo people.
In the first year of Yonglong (680), Princess Wencheng died of illness in Luocheng. According to the History of Khotan,683, Tubo made a grand public sacrifice and was buried, and the Tang Dynasty also sent envoys to Tubo to pay homage.