On July 23, in the Yili Ecological Governance Zone in the hinterland of the Kubuqi Desert in Hangjinqi's unique and expensive Tara Town, there was no imaginary wind and sand raging, but instead a green forest sea, and the mottled green was driving away the dead silence of the "no man's land" - the sand area appeared hundreds of kilometers of forest belt, and in the forest-covered area, there was obvious biodiversity.
Chang Chaohui, deputy general manager of the Kubuqi Desert Ecological Division of Elion Group, introduced that through the "southern circle and northern blockade border forest" sand control model, the use of "front block and rear pull" Qiao shrub seed windproof sand fixation technology, so that "sand dunes wearing green clothes" has become a reality.
"In the process of kubuqi desert treatment, in accordance with the governance idea of 'easy first and then difficult, from near and far, lock edge cutting, zoning governance, and overall advancement', adhere to the combination of biological measures and engineering measures, and the combination of key prevention and control and regional prevention and control, and scientifically and effectively promote the governance of the Kubuqi desert." Han Meifei, an expert at the Kubuqi Desert Ecology Division of Elion Group, said.
The "lock edge" governance is to build a lock edge forest belt on the north and south edges of the Kubuqi Desert to prevent the expansion of the desert. Since the 1970s and 1980s, relying on the construction of national and local forestry key projects such as the "Three Norths" shelter forest, natural forest protection, returning farmland to forest, carbon sink afforestation, million mu of shelter forest ecological circle in the core area of the city, greening of key areas, and greening of villages and villages, measures such as artificial, flying sowing, sand sealing and afforestation, and engineering sand fixation have been built in the edge of the Kubuqi Desert, and a green windproof sand fixation system of qiao, irrigation, grass and belt, net and piece has been built in the edge of the Kubuqi Desert, which is more than 200 kilometers long and 3-5 kilometers wide from north to south, and a green windproof sand fixation system combining qiao, irrigation, grass and belt, net and piece to prevent the expansion and spread of the desert.
Han Meifei said that the "cut-apart" treatment is based on seasonal rivers and the construction of sand-piercing roads, and the desert is cut into blocks for treatment. On both sides of seasonal rivers, the superior water conditions of the gully river are used to create berm forests, revetment forests, and sand barrier forest belts; the ditches are mainly dam projects, supplemented by biological berm berm berm measures to reduce soil erosion. The Kubuqi people have built a number of sand-piercing roads in the Kubuqi Desert, cutting the desert into blocks for zoning management, and building green ecological barriers to control the expansion of the desert by setting up sand barriers on both sides of the highway and artificially planting trees and grasses.
"Embellishment" management is to select the inter-hilly lowlands with relatively open and good water and soil conditions and the areas around the lake reservoir that are relatively open and have a relatively shallow groundwater level around the lake reservoir, which are conducive to the survival and growth of plants, plant trees, shrub tree species, or combine qiao shrubs and grasses, build desert green islands and oases, gradually expand the area of desert governance, reduce the harm of wind and sand, and control the expansion of the desert.
"Enclosure and prohibition of grazing can promote the natural restoration of vegetation." For areas with serious ecological degradation on the edge of the desert and no conditions for agricultural and animal husbandry production, human activities are reduced through measures such as returning farmland, enclosure, and prohibiting grazing, and the function of ecological self-restoration is enhanced. Strictly implement grazing bans on areas with serious desertification degradation and ecological fragility in the interior of the desert to promote natural ecological restoration. Han Meifei said.
Han Meifei specially introduced that the combination of agriculture and forestry comprehensive management means to develop and rectify barren sand and wasteland, to improve the material cycle and energy transformation, and to improve land productivity through multi-industry, multi-level, and three-dimensional combination of agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry, through multi-level and three-dimensional integration, and composite operation.
The ecology has been renewed, and many kinds of wild animals and plants that have been extinct for many years have returned to the desert: swans, hares, poplars, etc. More than 100 kinds of wild animals and plants that have been extinct for many years have reappeared, and in 2013, there were even 70-80 gray cranes, and in 2014, there were flocks of red-crowned cranes...
From 1988 to 2016, the number of sandstorms in Kubuqi decreased from 50 per year to once a year, rainfall increased from less than 100 mm per year to 456 mm per year, biological species increased from less than 10 to 530 species, and even a variety of long-extinct wildlife returned to the desert.
According to Wang Linhe, a professor at Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, the main body of the fauna department of Ordos City is composed of a Central Asian type of grassland and desert fauna, which belongs to the Paleobei Boundary- Central Asian Boundary-Mengxin District-Western Desert Sub-region.
There are more than 1,500 kinds of wild animals in Ordos City, mainly including: wolves, sand foxes, red foxes, grass rabbits, stone chickens, Mongolian rabbits, hedgehogs, rock sheep, widows, feathered cranes, herons, great egrets, white spoonbills, red-headed ducks, green-headed ducks, anti-billed sandpipers, lime-headed wheat chickens, forest sandpipers, spot-billed ducks, white swans, red-breasted ducks, ring-necked pheasants, gull-billed noisy gulls, white-winged floating gulls, brown-headed gulls, black-winged long-legged sandpipers, owls, etc. Among them, there are 6 orders, 13 families, 34 genera and more than 40 species of mammals (19 species of rodents, 2 species of pterodactyls, 4 species of insectivorous orders, 3 species of even-hoofed orders, and 1 species of rabbits); 1 order, 2 families and 4 species of amphibians; 3 orders, 4 families and 13 species of reptiles; 15 orders, 30 families and 100 species of birds; 14 orders, 138 families and more than 1000 species of insects.
In the east, there are typical grassland animals such as yellow sheep, hedgehogs, mugworts, weasels, red foxes, rabbits, etc., and the white-striped snake, limp hemp lizard and grassland sand lizard in reptiles are the dominant species. In the west, there are mainly hartebeest, meridian gerbil, short-eared hamster, feather-tailed jerboa, five-toed cardial jerboa, three-toed jerboa, tiger ferret, shuffle fox and big ear hedgehog. Due to the large amount of radiation heat in the desert, there are many sand lizards hatched by ground temperature, representing desert lizards and dense spot lizards.
Wang Linhe said that the flora of Ordos City belongs to the Eurasian grassland area of the Asian desert area, which always belongs to the pan-northern plant area, and is adjacent to the North China Forest Area in the east, the loess plateau area in the southeast, and the Alxa desert area in the west.
There are 496 species of forage plants in the city, belonging to 46 families and 178 genera; 50 species of ornamental and landscaping plants, belonging to 14 families and 26 genera; 53 species of aromatic and chemical raw material plants, belonging to 22 families and 35 genera; 32 species of starch and brewing raw material plants, belonging to 9 families and 14 genera; 15 species of oilseed plants, belonging to 9 families and 12 genera; 7 species of wild fruit plants, belonging to 5 families and 5 genera; 29 species of fiber plants, belonging to 8 families and 16 genera; 50 species of main honey source plants, and 402 species of auxiliary honey source plants There are 9 species of poisonous nectar source plants, belonging to 78 families and 234 genera, and 10 species of rare plants, belonging to 5 families and 8 genera.
The main wild plants are: tetralogy, half-day flower, sand holly, sand cypress, licorice, Ural licorice, cotton thorn, Mongolian almond, lemon striped golden chicken, willow leaf rat plum, chai hu, wild goji berry, oil pine, cypress, yellow elm, mountain peach, mountain apricot, sea buckthorn, yellow thorn rose, sand willow, juniper cypress, juniper and other more than 400 kinds. Ordos City is rich in Chinese herbal medicines, which can be used in 378 kinds of medicines, and 112 kinds of medicines are collected and purchased. Licorice, ephedra grass, silver chai hu, Yuanzhi for authentic medicinal materials, "Liangwai licorice" is famous at home and abroad, Hangjin Banner, Otok Qianqi, Otok Banner, Wushen Banner is one of the main bases of licorice resources in China. The annual output of licorice root is 2 million kilograms and ephedra 10 million kilograms, which is the dominant product of Ordos City.
It is understood that since the implementation of the construction project of wild animal and plant protection and nature reserves, the protection of wild animals and plants and nature reserves has received more and more attention from people and achieved remarkable results. As of 2010, the city has established a total of 10 nature reserves, including 2 national nature reserves, 7 autonomous region-level nature reserves, and 1 flag-level nature reserve.
Planting area of sand willow and lemon strip in Ordos City (data as of the end of 2016):
The vicissitudes and great changes in the Kubuqi Desert are typical cases and vivid practices of China's large-scale promotion of land greening, strengthening desertification prevention and control, and promoting the construction of ecological civilization.
The Kubuqi Desert has changed from a "melasma" directly north of the motherland to an "emerald".
(Source: Science and Technology Daily)