In the late winter of 1910, the northeastern region of China had become an ice and snow country ruled by Zhou Tianhanche. The cold wind blew snowflakes all night long, and the "snow quilt" covered the sky like a mountain dancing silver snake. The Kanto people, who habitually hid in the warm house "Cat Winter", no one expected that a catastrophe more terrible than the cold would suddenly come, and what was hidden behind the vast snow was no longer snow and ice, but a crow sent by the god of death, and what it shouted out was death.
Chi Zijian's "White Snow Crow"
In Tsarist Russia at the beginning of the last century, in order to make up for the shortage of labor after the crazy expansion, a large number of Chinese laborers in the northeast region were recruited to break into the Kwantung Region, and this group of people engaged in the most arduous primitive labor in a foreign country.
There are a large number of wild marmots in the wilderness of savage Siberia, and the precious fur of hunting marmots has long been a means for the Chinese people to survive in the Kanto Region.
On September 16, 1910, the first case of an epidemic occurred in a Chinese worker hunting marmot in Dauria, Russia, and soon several Chinese workers who often hunted marmots had the same terrible symptoms.
The Russians, who had rich experience in the prevention of the "Black Death", immediately realized the seriousness of the situation, and they resolutely adopted physical isolation measures: they quickly burned all the sheds of the Chinese workers and forcibly drove the Chinese workers out of Russia to return to China. But the Russians did not inform the government of the late Qing Dynasty of what had happened.
Epidemic report of the three eastern provinces
The "Report on the Epidemic situation in the Three Eastern Provinces" records this incident as follows: "The worker Zhang Wanshou has recruited workers at the Daula Station on the Russian border. At the beginning of September of the second year of Xuan reunification, seven people were violently killed in the shed. When the Russians heard of the epidemic, they burned their shacks, expelled their workers, and burned all the clothes, luggage, and other pieces of the workers, thinking that they were trying to cut off the root of the epidemic. ”
Chinese laborers returning from Russia entered Manchuria, where a terrible plague also occurred. The following is the relevant content of the spread of the epidemic to China: "Dawula Station is 130 miles away from Manzhouli, two carpenters were expelled, and on September 17, they came from Ula Station to Manchuria, living in Erdao Street in the railway circle, surnamed Zhang Mupu, and died one after another on the 23rd. Jin Laoyao and Guo Lianyin, residents of the same hospital Tian Guy's house, also died of infection on the 23rd, which was the origin of the discovery of the epidemic in Manchuria. "On the 23rd day of the ninth lunar month, in the inn in Manzhouli, Jin Laoyao and Guo Lianyin, two carpenters, died of illness, with symptoms of phlegm with blood in them, becoming the first batch of sick and dead in China.
More laborers in Manchuria rushed along the railway to their hometowns to escape the terrible epidemic in order to get the protection of fate, the infected people followed the rapid population flow of the train on the land of China, and the deadly "plague" that was not bound by any bondage spread through the railway line, spreading rapidly and explosively in the land of China...
On October 27, 1910, the first patient was detected in the Russian concession in Harbin. On November 4, Qiqihar, the capital of Heilongjiang Province, was alarmed by a case. On November 7, a patient also appeared in Harbin Fujiadian.
When Xi Liang, the governor of the three eastern provinces, played the epidemic situation, he said: "Death in the morning and evening, successors from the former servants, officials, merchants, gentlemen, no Chinese and foreign nobles, and day by day as if they are facing a great enemy." Inspector Zhou Shumo of Heilongjiang folded the description: "The patient has a cold and hot cough, dizziness and vomiting blood, which is incurable in one or two days, and kills several people a day, even one or twenty people, which is quite intense." "Successively, the plague raged in Changchun, Dalian, Tianjin, Beijing, Baoding, Yantai, Jinan and other places, and the northeast and north China fell into panic, and the haze of death covered the entire sky of the epidemic area.
According to incomplete statistics, the plague, which was introduced by Russia in the early 20th century and broke out in a large area in northeast China, swept through half of China, raged for several months, and frantically took the lives of more than 60,000 people.
The famous Harbin Plague of 1910 was later proven by scientists to be a plague. Marmots are the culprits of this plague and an important reservoir for Y. pestis.
WoollenDe, 31, is an overseas Malaysian. At the age of 17, he went to the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom for further study, and in 1903 became the first Chinese to obtain a doctorate in medicine from Cambridge University. In December of the second year of Xuan reunification (1910), Wu Liande was invited to Beijing by Shi Zhaoji, the right minister of foreign affairs of the Qing government, and appointed Wu Liande as the chief medical officer, who went to complete the work of epidemic prevention in northeast China. At this time, Wu Liande had only been in China for two years.
At that time, the plague had no cure, and "physical isolation" was the only controllable way to cut off the chain of infection between people.
Woollender tried everything he could to slow down the rate of infection of the virus. Under the command of Wu Liande, Fu Jiadian was divided into 4 districts, and the residents of each district wore different badges and could only move in their own areas. Every day, districts send people door-to-door to check on the epidemic situation, and if anyone is found to be infected, they are immediately sent to the epidemic prevention hospital and disinfect their houses with raw sulfur and carbolic acid.
The hospital is divided into several types of epidemic hospitals, mild hospitals, suspected hospitals and epidemic prevention medical offices, especially for suspected patients with cough and other symptoms, doctors are examined daily, if the body temperature is normal for 7 consecutive days, that is, the isolation is lifted, and this method is still being used today.
Report of the epidemic situation in the three eastern provinces
In less than four months, a plague disaster that had not occurred in hundreds of years was completely eliminated by the epidemic prevention team, which mainly Chinese. The team also paid a heavy price, with a 10% death rate. This operation has been called the first successful epidemic prevention operation in human history, and many of the epidemic prevention methods adopted in the Wuliande era are still the best means for people to face the epidemic of sudden infectious diseases to this day.
In 1910, the Great Plague of Harbin also spread to the then three surname cities of Yilan Province. According to the "Report on the Epidemic situation in the Three Eastern Provinces", the plague in Yilan was brought to Yilan by two infected people in Harbin.
First, a Manchu named Enxiang, an army cadet stationed outside the southern gate of Yilan City, died shortly after returning from Harbin to his home in Yilan in mid-December of that year.
Second, Guo Yongfeng'a, a Manchu of the three-surname patrol battalion, died the next day from Harbin to the west bank of the Peony River west of Ilan City (north of the county brick factory) from Harbin.
Both of the infected people are active in the vicinity of Ylang Ylang City. From the Enxiang family in Nanguan to the north, it was transmitted to the Guan Yifu family in the city, and to the west to Li Hua's furnace house. The Li Hua furnace family is divided into two lines: the first line goes to the more than ten mile road standard barracks in the south of the city, and the other line goes to the Cao and Wang families in the city. Then it turned west to Zhang Qingwei's house, and went out of the city through Shijiadian and Zhang Caijia. Deaths have taken place everywhere the outbreak has spread. Although the outbreak in saltpeter mouth on the west bank of the Peony River did not spread, the number of deaths was several times higher than that of other places.
Three surname epidemic maps
Isolation, physical isolation, was the only magic weapon for the prevention and control of the plague in Ylang Ylang. Epidemic prevention personnel, medical personnel and epidemic investigators sent by various countries have the privilege of passing through various places only after holding special passes. For those who enter or leave the territory in violation of regulations, they must be inspected at the detention center for five days before being allowed to be released."
In order to strengthen the prevention and control of epidemic diseases, the Qing court set up 6 health centers in the three eastern provinces. Sansei City Hospital was also established in 1911 as one of the six hospitals. The establishment of san surname hospital is of great significance to the development of Ylang Ylang health and the promotion of Ylang Ylang health and medical services.
In order to control the epidemic situation of the three surnames, the Harbin Epidemic Prevention Bureau has set up quarantine stations along the River in Yilan to strictly check pedestrians entering Yilan from the direction of Harbin. At the same time, patrol teams and police officers were set up to patrol the dead. Deep burial measures are taken as soon as they are discovered. After the opening of the Spring River, a body salvage personnel were set up to salvage floating bodies along the Shun River for deep burial. As a result of the appropriate measures taken, the spread of the epidemic was prevented. Apart from the deaths of infected people without effective medical treatment, there have been no major plague deaths.
In 1910, there were 9,603 people in the city with three surnames, and 100 people died of plague; 255 people died of saltpeter Zuizitun on the west bank of the Mudanjiang River, and 24 people died of plague; 777 people died in the four Dingzitun in the southeast of the city; and 135 people died in Lama Village in the southeast of the city, with 6 deaths. The total population is 10,770, with 137 deaths, and the proportion of deaths is 13 ‰.
From the statistical table of deaths at the time of the outbreak in Ylang: the number of deaths in the first month of the plague outbreak was 26, the number of deaths suddenly increased to 87 in the second month, and the number of deaths dropped to 24 in the third month.
"Life is finally Taishan, the epidemic will eventually be eliminated", the prevention and treatment of the pneumonia epidemic of the new coronavirus infection is being carried out nationwide, and the Yilan County Government also attaches great importance to it, and the people are highly aware of the close cooperation and feel that they have written this article.
Greetings to the white-clad soldiers and relevant people fighting in Wuhan!
Hats off to the workers across the country who are fighting the pandemic!
We would like to express our deep condolences to those who have passed away due to the infection with the new coronavirus, including cousin Tang Guiyun.