Everyone may have heard of the "scourge of the party", which occurred in the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The "scourge of the party" was divided into two times, one during the period of the Han Huan Emperor, one during the period of the Han Ling Emperor, and the second "disaster of the party" was particularly seriously damaged.
At the time when the celebrities were arrested and persecuted, there was a celebrity who "looked at the door and stopped", resulting in the tragedy of a large number of family breakdowns, and this celebrity was just the fuse that caused the second "disaster of the party", he was Zhang Jian. The following xiaobian will talk about the character of Zhang Jian.
Zhang Jian, one of the "Eight And"
Zhang JianziYuanjie is a native of Gaoping County, Shanyang County, Yanzhou. Zhang Jian's ancestor was Zhang Er, the King of Zhao at the end of the Qin Dynasty and the beginning of the Han Dynasty. However, later, in order to cut off the princes with different surnames, Liu Bang deliberately humiliated Zhang Er's son Zhang Ao (who attacked the title of King of Zhao), causing Zhao Xianggao to have the intention of assassinating Liu Bang, so Zhang Ao was demoted to the title of Duke of Zhao. Time back to the Eastern Han Dynasty, although there is no fiefdom, but also a family of prestige. Zhang Jian's father, Zhang Cheng, had been the Taishou of Jiangxia, which he called "two thousand stones of the family lineage"; Zhang Jian was recommended by Yanzhou to be Maocai, but Zhang Jian refused to be wooed by Yanzhou because he did not recognize yanzhou's history of thorns.
Figures like Zhang Jian were not worried about entering the army, and in the eighth year of the Eastern Han Dynasty (that is, in 165 AD), Zhang Jian was still appointed as the eastern postmaster by Shanyang Taishou Zhai Chao (each county had five postmasters, and had the authority to supervise the counties). In the ninth year of Yanxi (i.e., 166 AD), the first "disaster of the party" broke out.
The scale of the first "disaster of the party" was not as large as the second, and Zhang Jian was not affected, but it was not completely unaffected, but on the contrary, it was a positive impact. After the first "disaster of the party", various celebrities flaunted each other, and combinations of "three juns", "eight jun", "eight gu", "eight and", "eight cooks" and so on appeared. Zhang Jian is listed as "Eight and", referring to people who can guide others to follow the correct example. It is worth mentioning that Zhai Chao, who invited Zhang Jian, was also a celebrity, and he was listed with Zhang Jian in the "Eighth Harmony", and finally died in the second "disaster of the party".
The fuse of the second "disaster of the party"
In the first "disaster of the party", Zhang Jian did not affect Zhang Jian, but in the second "disaster of the party" that was larger, lasted longer, and the persecution of the scholars was more serious, Zhang Jian served as the fuse. A relatively powerful eunuch from Shanyang Commandery was Hou Lan of Zhongchang. Hou Lan was deeply trusted by Emperor Huan of Han and Emperor Ling of Han, and together with another eunuch, Duan Gui, persecuted the people and plundered travelers in the local area; his brother Hou Gan, as the assassin of Yizhou, directly killed the major households in Yizhou and killed chickens and eggs. Such a character can be imagined in weifu in his hometown of Shanyang County.
In the second year of Jianning (that is, in 169 AD), Hou Lan's mother died, and he built a mausoleum for his mother, usurping 381 other people's houses and 118 acres of land, which exceeded the specifications and was suspected of trespassing; Hou Lan built a mausoleum for himself in advance, and then destroyed people's houses and dug up people's graves. Zhang Jian impeached Hou Lan, but due to Hou Lan's interference, he could not go up to heaven to listen. Therefore, Zhang Jian destroyed Hou Lan's mausoleum without authorization and confiscated Hou Lan's property (the "Yuan Kang Biography" records are different from the "Hou Lan Biography", saying that Zhang Jian killed Hou Lan's mother and captured Hou Lan's clan disciples, which was always related to Hou Lan), causing Hou Lan's revenge.
There was a man named Zhu Huan, who was Zhang Jian's compatriot and Hou Lan's henchman. Pondering Hou Lan's psychology, he wrote a false letter accusing Zhang Jian and his fellow villagers Tan Bin, Chu Feng, Zhang Su, Xue Lan, Feng Xi, Wei Xuan, Xu Gan, Tian Lin, Zhang Yin, Liu Biao, Xue Yu, Wang Huan, Liu Qi, Xuan Jing, Gong Xugong, Zhu Kai, Tian Yu, Shu Tan, Xue Dun, Song Bu, Tang Long, Yin Zhi, and Xuan Bao as collaborators as friends.
Later, the Great Autumn Cao Festival locked the spearhead in Yu Fang, Du Mi, Li Bing, Ba Su, Xun Yi, Wei Lang, Zhai Chao, Liu Ru, Fan Huan and others who were characterized as the famous members of the party for the first time. Since then, the eunuch clique has planned and executed the second "disaster of the party" for fifteen years, which has caused more serious damage to the eastern Han court.
"Lookout Gate Drop" and "Broken House Compatible"
Zhang Jian, as the fuse of the second "disaster of the party", was a thorn in the eye and a thorn in the flesh of The Constant Attendant Hou Lan, and was naturally also the target of the eunuch clique's pursuit. In the face of the attack and persecution of the eunuch clique, Zhang Jian's choice of approach was to flee all the way, "looking at the door to stop", and seeking refuge when he saw the door of others; and because of Zhang Jian's status as a celebrity, the hostile relationship with the eunuch clique, and the pursuit of fame by people at that time, many people took huge risks to protect Zhang Jian and "break the family compatibility".
Historical records of Zhang Jian's escape are very tragic, And Zhang Jian fled all the way from Shanyang County to Beihai Kingdom and Donglai County, and was sent out of Saiquan under the protection of Li Du and Mao Qin, the outer yellow who hunted down Zhang Jian. The price of Zhang Jian's escape was that the families who sheltered him were severely damaged, and the Later Han Shu Zhang Jian's biography records that "there were dozens of people who ambushed the heavy curse, and the clan relatives were all destroyed, and the counties were destroyed." "
There is a more famous example, that is, the Kong Rong family of three people fighting to die. At that time, Zhang Jian defected to Kong Rong's brother Kong Bao, kong Bao was not at home, and Kong Rong took Zhang Jian in on his own initiative. After the matter was revealed, Zhang Jian was still sheltered and fled by celebrities and local officials, but the brothers Kong Bao and Kong Rong were arrested and sent to prison. Kong Bao, Kong Rong, and Kong Mu all asked the imperial court to dispose of themselves, and finally the imperial court chose to dispose of Kong Bao, and Kong Rong was famous because of this incident.
Other Baume & Mercier's choice
Zhang Jian was not the only one who was hunted and put into a dangerous situation, but some celebrities made the opposite choice to Zhang Jian, either hiding in anonymity and hiding in the mountains and forests; or staying in place to wait for arrest. When Xia Fu heard about Zhang Jian's escape, he immediately accused Zhang Jian of implicating the innocent. His chosen method was to cut off his beard (the ancients attached great importance to beard hair, and some punishments required cutting off beards and hair), change his description, and serve as a servant to others.
After two or three years of this, Xia Fu had completely changed, and even Xia Fu's younger brother Xia Jing was difficult to identify, and only after hearing Xia Fu's voice did he perceive it. Xia Jing saluted Xia Fu, but Xia Fu did not dare to accept it, and warned Xia Jing not to reveal her whereabouts in the night. Later, Xia Fu died before the party ban, that is, before the first year of Zhongping (that is, 184 AD).
In addition, there are Li Bing and Fan Huan, which can also be regarded as a counterexample of Zhang Jian. After the outbreak of the second "disaster of the party", the townspeople persuaded Li Bing to flee, and Li Bing took the initiative to go to prison on the grounds that "things are not difficult, crimes do not escape punishment, and the festival of subjects is also", and then died in prison; Wu Dao, the governor of Runan County, took the edict to Zhengqiang County, where Fan Huan was located, and instead of arresting Fan Huan, he closed the post house and wept bitterly. Zheng Qiang ordered Guo Yi to abandon the official and flee with Fan Huan, but Fan Huan refused. Fan Huan did not want to involve others, and calmly died after saying goodbye to his family.
In general, Zhang Jian, Xia Fu, Li Bing, Fan Huan and others are facing life and death choices, and Xia Fu is unwilling to implicate others and hide his name; Li Feng and Fan Huan do not even have a move to escape. Zhang Jian looked at the door and stopped, which tired many people. To be fair, Zhang Jian was retaliated against against the forces of eunuchs who did not commit evil deeds, not for his own selfishness or for any other reason; but compared with Xia Fu and others, his moral level was still inferior.
Reference: Book of the Later Han Dynasty