Lao Ye today to share with you the ancient examination (ancient called the imperial examination). The following is an example of the Ming Dynasty.
The Ming Dynasty's examination was divided into five levels: the children's examination, the hospital examination, the township examination, the meeting examination, and the temple examination.
The child test is taken in the county town, and after the test, he becomes a child student, indicating that he has basic cultural knowledge and writing ability.
The college examination is in the prefecture examination, which needs to be tested twice, and the first time it is passed, it becomes a student, which is the show talent that everyone often hears. If you pass the exam, you are a reader, and you can see the official without kneeling. After passing the second examination, you can participate in the next round of the township examination, but if the examination is particularly poor, you may be disqualified.
The township examination is taken in the province, also known as Qiu Min, and is taken every three years. If the township examination is called a lifter, it is qualified to become an official, so every three years the township examination is very difficult, and the competition is also the most cruel. At the beginning of the township examination, there was a list to see, and it also began to rank, and the head name was Xie Yuan.
From the beginning of the examination is the national unified examination, the examination begins in February of the second year after the township examination, so it is also called Chun Min. After passing the examination, he will be called a gongshi, and after obtaining the gongshi, he can participate in the next round of the emperor's interview. The first place in the examination becomes the huiyuan.
The last level is called the palace test, that is, the emperor's interview, this round is not eliminated, only look at the performance ranking, divided into three top. The first and third are the first and third are the champion, the list eye, and the tanhua; the number of the second class is uncertain, and all are given to the jinshi; and the third is given to the same jinshi.
The only person in the history of the Ming Dynasty who was even the third yuan was the first assistant to the cabinet during the Chenghua period.
Since it is an exam, what exactly is it? In the Ming Dynasty, there was only one kind of examination, that is, writing articles, also known as art making. It has a strictly prescribed format, not how you want to write, nor what you want to write. Usually, a passage is found in the Four Books and Five Classics as a theme. Then it is divided into eight parts: breaking the question, undertaking the topic, starting to talk, entering the topic, starting stock, middle stock, back stock, and bundle stock, so it is also called eight strands of text.
Breaking the problem is actually to use a very short sentence or two to explain the theme and let others know what you are going to say. As the first procedure of the eight strands of text, it is very important to break the problem, and often the problem is broken well, and the article will be written very well.
After breaking the problem is to undertake the question, as the name suggests, the undertaker is to undertake the broken question, the meaning is probably similar to why I want to break the problem like this, to make a supplementary explanation of their own broken question, generally about three sentences.
After the conclusion of the topic, we began to talk. To start is to substitute, that is, to assume that this topic is written by you, and then people ask you why you write this, what does this mean, and you have to combine your own views with the previous broken topics to tell others. There is no limit to the number of sentences here.
And then there's the getting to the point. The entry question is to cut into a topic of its own, which is closely related to the theme of the exam, and point out your own views and propositions, similar to the entry question of an argumentative essay.
After the completion of the topic, it is the four starting shares, the middle stocks, the back shares, and the bundle stocks, which are also called eight shares and four ratios. The last four shares are mainly around their own views and propositions, starting from the beginning of the introduction, to the middle stock as the center of the whole article, and then to the back stock to the center of the extension, and finally to the end of the bundle stock, the whole article in the form of couplets.
The following is attached an eight-strand text by Zhang Juzheng, the first assistant of the Ming Dynasty, for your enjoyment.
Problem Solving: Those who cover financial management, get their way and be self-sufficient.
Title: Cover this section to use, the way to make money also. If you can do this, what is the country or not?
Let's start: And the husband gathers people to know wealth, and the country has no wealth, not its country; the wealth is righteous, and the wealth is not righteous, not its wealth
Entry: It is also a way to make money from a gentleman.
Starting shares: Therefore, there is no need to lose the bottom to gain, but the economy is appropriate, and it is suitable for the country. It is also very big in the Tao, so there is no need to lose the upper and the lower, and the public and private interests are self-sufficient to the people. But why?
China Stocks: Covering the heavens and the earth has the benefits of nature, and the state has the only right supply. Only the power is not diligent and the use is not controlled, so it is always seen that it is not enough. The peasants who are sincere enough to flock to the people of the world will not spare no effort in their birth, but also eliminate redundant personnel, cut redundant fees, and do not let there be floating food.
Later strands: Do your best to serve the cultivation, and it does not spare any effort, and it measures as it is, and does not make it extravagant. Si Ze is diligent in his work, and the income is infinite. Frugality is used for use, and the wealth is limited. With infinite wealth, for limited use, it is the following that is always given and always surplus. Although the state has major affairs, the reserves of the inner and outer houses will be taken from them and not in short supply.
Bundle of stocks: The people are full and the king is also enough, although there are great things in the year, and the three years and nine years of storage, they can be ashamed of themselves and have no fear.
Conclusion: It is called the Road, and it is believed that it is a plan for the country for a long time, rather than the comparison of all rights and interests. However, those who have a state will have the outside and the inside, and then the wealth can be gathered.
This article is original by Lao Ye Ai History, and the eight strands of text in the text are from the Ming History. Pay attention to the old leaf to talk about history, more historical anecdotes are waiting for you to see. The picture in this article comes from the network, if there is infringement, please contact the author to delete!