249 AD
Wei Jin demeanor: Ruan Is rampant
Wei and Jin are well known terms, so I am willing to use literati to start with Wei Jin.
In 249, the Cao Wei general Cao Shuang was killed by Sima Yi, and the Cao Wei regime officially began the era of the Sima family's monopoly on power. The Mingshi RuanZhi began the era of the Mingshi who was in the form of his own wandering skeleton and did not collude with those in power.
Ruan Yuan, a member of the ChenLiu wei clan (present-day Kaifeng, Henan) during the Wei and Jin dynasties, was the son of Ruan Li, the "Seventh Son of Jian'an". Ruan Li is known as the secretary of the chapter table and is praised by Cai Yong as a wizard. Ruan Ju was even more blue, ranking first among the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest, and was regarded as a representative of Wei Jin Xuantan. According to the Book of Jin, Nguyen showed outstanding talent when he was young. He is well-read, poetry and song are good at all kinds, especially like the old Zhuang doctrine, his personality is free and unrestrained, and he does not like to be bound by Confucian etiquette. He also has one of his biggest characteristics, that is, he is drunk as a life. During the Wei and Jin dynasties, dynastic changes were frequent and the political situation was turbulent, and literati and celebrities often died because they said the wrong thing or stood in the wrong line. Therefore, many readers who originally had the ambition to save the world turned to the Lao Zhuang doctrine, and replaced the commentary on current politics and current situations with qing talk about metaphysics, and Nguyen Was the representative of this type.
In the later period of the Cao Wei regime, the powerful minister Cao Shuang and Sima Yiming fought secretly. In the first ten years (249 AD), Sima Yi killed Cao Shuang, and Sima Shi began to take sole power, purging dissidents, and attacking the Nine Tribes at every turn. Ruan Was politically inclined to the Cao Wei royal family, dissatisfied with the Sima family, unwilling to cooperate, but wanted to save his life, so he often used wine to pretend to be crazy to escape the olive branch thrown by those in power. Born into a clan of scholars, and famous all over the world, Sima Zhao wanted to give Xu, the daughter of Emperor Wu Sima Yan, to Ruan. Ruan Zhi was not good at refusing in person, so he drank day and night, drunk for sixty days, and was unconscious, and Sima Zhao gave up. The general Zhong Hui was jealous of Nguyen's talent, so he tried to discuss state affairs with Nguyễn, hoping to make some rebellious remarks so that he could be punished. But every time Ruan Ji was drunk, cried and laughed after getting drunk, and did not mention a word about political affairs, thus escaping the conspiracy of Zhong Hui.
Ruan's escape from the world is not only a distance from political right and wrong, but also an escape from the shackles of etiquette in life. Therefore, Ruan Ju, like other Wei and Jin celebrities, often behaved maverickly and unexpectedly, and even exaggerated some behaviors that ordinary people could not understand.
Among the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest, Ruan Zhi and Ji Kang and Shan Tao are the best, often gathering together. It is said that Ruan Zhi treats different people with green and white eyes, if he is obsessed with etiquette, Ruan Zhi will roll his eyes at each other, and if ji Kang and Zhong Hui and other celebrities bring wine to visit, Ruan Zhi is always very happy and has green eyes.
According to legend, there was a family near the Ruan family, who gave birth to a daughter who was extremely talented and beautiful, and died before she married. Ruan Zhi did not know anyone at all, but after he learned about it, he ran to the spiritual hall and cried bitterly, sad like his dead wife, looking at others inexplicably, and Ruan Bi did not care, and cried until he was tired before going home. When Nguyen's mother died, Nguyen was playing against someone else. After listening to the messenger's words, Ruan Ji remained silent and continued to play chess. At the end of the round, Nguyen drank two buckets of wine, which completely cried out loudly and vomited several liters of blood. When his mother was buried, Ruan Bi drank wine and ate meat, and did not stick to the etiquette of the funeral, but when it came to say goodbye to his mother's body, Ruan Bi came from it and vomited several liters of blood. Another time, Ruan Bi drove out alone, while drinking wine while letting the carriage drive, unconsciously lost the road, where there were no rut marks on the ground, Ruan Bi felt that life was impermanent, and released howling.
The Southern Song Dynasty literary scholar Yan Yanzhi commented that "Ruan's three cries" were "things cannot be discussed, and the way is poor and can be mourned", praising Ruan's frank and frank disposition.
Conclusion: Ruan Zhi spent his life in the shape of a wandering skeleton, and interpreted the celebrity demeanor of Wei Jin in the long song of fine wine. Behind his celebrity affairs is his resistance to the misfortunes of his homeland, political darkness, and treachery, and his contempt and non-cooperation with those who seize power and injustice. Because of this, Nguyen was regarded by later generations as a clear stream of that era.
263 AD
Wei Jin demeanor: Ji Kang was killed
In 263 AD, Ji Kang, a famous scholar of the Wei and Jin dynasties and the head of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest, was killed.
On this day, luoyang city east city was crowded with people. Among the crowd, there were Tai students who came to ask for Ji Kang's release; there were Ji Kang's relatives, friends, and close friends, and there were haojie celebrities who did not know Ji Kang but admired the character and talents of others, and there were also those who joined in the fun. Before the hour came, Ji Kang asked his brother Ji Xi to come to the guqin, facing the crowd of black pressure, calmly playing the famous song "Guangling San", the piano tone was unyielding, and the people who heard it wept. The song is over, and the hour has come. Ji Kang sighed that "Guangling San" was extinct today! This year Ji Kang was forty years old.
Ji Kang (嵇康), a native of the Cao Wei State (present-day Bozhou, Anhui), was a famous scholar of the Three Kingdoms of Cao Wei, the spiritual leader of the bamboo forest masters, and a representative figure of Wei and Jin metaphysics. The Book of Jin records that Ji Kang was intelligent from an early age, well-read, proficient in many practical skills, and tall and handsome. Shan Tao, one of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest, described him as standing proudly as a lone pine when he woke up, and like a jade mountain falling down after he was drunk. Because of his outstanding talent, Ji Kang was favored by Cao Lin, the Prince of Pei, and married Cao Lin's granddaughter, the Lord of Changle Pavilion. This Cao Lin was the tenth son of Cao Cao, the Emperor of Weiwu, and Ji Kang thus became the son-in-law of the Cao family.
In 260, Cao Xian, the Duke of Gaogui Township, was dissatisfied with Sima Zhao's abuse of power and led his troops to fight, but he was killed by Sima Zhao on the road. Sima Shi supported Cao Wan and changed his name to Jingyuan, but in fact it was just "holding the Son of Heaven hostage to order the princes", and Sima Zhao himself served as a general in charge of internal and external affairs. He threw an olive branch to Ji Kang and recruited him as his staff with generous gifts. Ji Kang has always admired Lao Zhuang, loved health care, advocated quiet and inaction, and he was not willing to accept such a laborious and laborious job as an official, let alone serving the traitor Sima Shi.
In fact, Sima Zhao was really eager to seek talent at this time. Gifts are not good, and he sent his confidant Zhong Hui to please. Zhong Hui touched a nose of ash and came back, and Sima Zhao was already a little angry. Just at this time, Ji Kang's close friend Shan Tao was about to be promoted. He wrote a letter of recommendation to the imperial court, recommending Ji Kang to take his place. Ji Kangqi did not fight a bit, and wrote the "Letter of Renunciation with Shan Juyuan" with a stroke of his pen, indicating his determination not to come out. The matter of breaking off friendship with ShanTao was boiling over, and Sima Zhao also saw Ji Kang's intentions clearly, understood that he could not be used for his own use, and secretly hated Ji Kang.
In 264, there was a scandal in the Lü family in Luoyang. Lü An, the younger brother of the Lü family, married a beautiful wife, but was raped by his half-brother Lü Xun. Lu An and Ji Kang had always been good, and after the incident, they confided in Ji Kang and said that they were going to report Lü Xun. Ji Kang dissuaded: This is an ugly family, how can it be publicized? Unexpectedly, Lü Xun was afraid that his brother would denounce himself, so he ran to falsely accuse his brother of filial piety first. Lu An was exiled and wrote to Ji Kang to cry. Ji Kang was upright and decided to testify on behalf of his friend, and after a generous statement, he was arrested and imprisoned by the government for "slandering filial piety".
Taking advantage of the Erlu case, Zhong Would add oil and vinegar in front of Sima Zhao: Ji Kang, a person like Ji Kang, who does not attach importance to social welfare, slanders social morality, and acts are debauched and disobedient, sooner or later it will be a great scourge, and it will be useless to stay! Sima Zhao already had the intention of killing, and Zhong would hand over the blade, and a generation of famous soldiers Ji Kang would break the sword.
Conclusion: Ji Kang's killing marked the same faction of the Sima regime, and the butcher knife was revealed to begin to further harvest the world, preparing for his title as emperor. On the other hand, it also increased the reputation of Wei and Jin celebrities.
The three thousand students interceded for "Ji Kang", why did they not succeed? Instead, it ends up the same
The Battle of Jin-Wu Jiaotong: The Frontier at the Time of the Ding Revolution
In 226, Eastern Wu appointed the general Dai Liang as the Assassin of Jiaozhou and took over the local government of the former Jiao'an Taishou Shi Xie, and Shi Hui, the son of Shi Xie, raised an army against Dai Liang, and was later pacified by the Eastern Wu general Lü Dai. In 263, Lü Xing, a county official from Eastern Wu Jiaotong (in present-day the Red River Delta in northern Vietnam), incited the people and soldiers to kill Taishou and free Jiaotong from Eastern Wu rule, and Lü Xing later annexed Cao Wei. After Sima Yan took over the newly annexed Jiaotong, he took over the newly annexed Jiaotong, but soon jiaotong was recaptured by Eastern Wu.
At that time, the Eastern Wu monarch Sun Xiu sent the official Deng Xun to Jiaotong to recruit peacocks and wild boars, and the locals thought that Deng Xun had come to recruit them to serve in Jianye (present-day Nanjing). Lü Xing, the county official, took advantage of the resistance of the people and took the opportunity to incite them to rebel against the rule of Eastern Wu officials. Under the leadership of Lü Xing, the rebellious people killed Deng Xun and Eastern Wu's Jiaotong Taishou. The nearby counties of Jiuzhen (present-day northern central Vietnam) and Niknam (present-day central Vietnam) also responded.
At that time, in order to cope with the destruction of the Shu state by Sima Zhao of the Wei state, Eastern Wu did not quell the rebellion in time, but only separated the northern part of Jiaozhou (Jiaotong Prefecture ( Jiaotong Thorn History Department , including present-day Guangdong Province, most of Guangxi, and northern Vietnam ) and set up Guangzhou, under the jurisdiction of the four counties of Nanhai, Cangwu, Gaoliang, and Yulin, to avoid the expansion of the situation.
After the Shu state was destroyed by the State of Wei, Lü Xing, who had already occupied Jiaotong, realized that in the face of Eastern Wu, Jiaotong could not protect himself, so he decided to submit to the State of Wei. Lü Xing sent people to contact Huo Yi, the governor of Southern Wei (including present-day southern Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou), expressing his willingness to submit to it. The State of Wei agreed to let Lü Xingdu supervise the military forces and appointed Huo Yi as the Assassin of Jiaozhou. Huo Yi appointed his subordinate Cui Gu (爨谷) as the Taishou of Jiaoluan (交阯太守), and asked him to lead his army to jiaotong to join Lü Xing. Before Cuangu reached Jiaotong, Lü Xing died in the rebellion of his subordinates. After the arrival of Cuangu, order in the Jiaotong area was restored, and Jiaotong was brought under the rule of the State of Wei.
Sima Yan was proclaimed empress dowager on behalf of Wei, and the newly reverted jiaotong was a place where he had to strengthen his control, both to deal with Eastern Wu and complete the great cause of unification, but also to establish new meritorious deeds to surpass his ancestors and fathers and increase the legitimacy of his own title of emperor.
Fortunately, Huo Yi, Cuan Gu and others declared their allegiance to the Jin court. Cuan Gu and his successor Taishou Ma Rong died shortly after taking office, and Huo Yi appointed his subordinate Yang Ji as the new Taishou of Jiaotong. With the support of Sima Yan and the management of Yang Ji, the Jin Dynasty not only consolidated its rule over Jiaotong, but also occupied the neighboring Jiuzhen Commandery.
After the Eastern Wu monarch Sun Hao ascended the throne, in order to wash away the shame of losing jiaotong and avoid being surrounded by the Jin Dynasty on three sides, he sent the generals Liu Jun and Gu Rong to attack Jiaojiao and retake the Jiaozhou region. However, in the battle between the Jin and Wu armies, the Wu army was repeatedly defeated by yang ji, the Taishou of the Jin Dynasty. Yulin (yulin( in present-day western central Guangxi) and Jiuzhen counties also turned to the Jin Dynasty. Yang Ji took advantage of the situation to send an army to attack Hepu Commandery (合浦郡, in present-day Beibu Bay, Guangdong, zhanjiang, and Yangjiang, Guangdong), where the Jin and Wu armies engaged in a battle at the ancient city of Hepu Commandery, and the Jin army won a complete victory, and the Wu general Xiu Ze and Liu Jun were killed in battle. The Wu army could only retreat to the remaining territory of Hepu. The following year, Sun Hao sent two large armies to the south to cross the toes. One route, led by the generals Yu Feng and Xue Yi, set out by land from Jingzhou; the other led by generals Li Xun and Xu Cun set off by sea from Jian'an (勖, in modern Jian'ou, Fujian Province). The two armies planned to launch an attack on the Jin army after the Hepu Round.
Li Xun's journey did not go well, he did not find a suitable sea route to Reach Hepu, and withdrew his troops without authorization and returned to Jianye (present-day Nanjing). Sun Hao put Li Xun and Xu Cun to death. As Yu Feng and Xue Yi marched south, Tao Huang, the Taishou of Eastern Wu Cangwu (present-day northern Guangxi), also led an army to fight with them against the Jin army. After arriving at Hepu, Tao Huang led his army to engage the Jin army, but was defeated. After Tao Huang fled the battlefield, Xue Xu accused him of disobeying orders and leading to defeat. In order to save face, Tao Huang led his army to sneak into the Jin army at night, achieved a great victory, and also captured a large number of treasures of the Jin army. When Xue Yi learned of this, he apologized to Tao Huang. Tao Huang then bribed Liang Qi, the leader of the Fuyan Yi (a branch of the Yiren tribe), with his captured property, and persuaded Liang Qi to lead more than 10,000 horses to join the Wu army and fight against the Jin army. Tao Huang also proposed to Xue Xu to attack the Jin army by sea. After Xue Yi took Tao Huang's advice, he engaged the Jin army at Fengxi and defeated the Jin army. The Jin army set up an ambush when it retreated, but it was discovered by Tao Huang. Tao Huang led an army to defeat the Jin army's ambush army, and the Jin army had to retreat to Jiaozhi County (present-day southeast of Bac Ninh, Vietnam). Tao Huang took advantage of the situation to surround the county seat and cut off the supply of the Wu army. A few months later, the county ran out of food and more than half of the city's people died. The Jin general Wang Yue secretly contacted Tao Huang and promised to surrender. With Wang Yue as the internal response, Tao Huangli should attack Jiaozhi County. The Wu army killed more than 2,000 Jin troops, and Yang Ji and others were captured. At this point, the main force of the Jin army in the Jiaozhou area was almost completely destroyed, and it was no longer able to fight against the Wu army. Tao Huang was officially appointed by Guan Guo as the Assassin of Jiaozhou for his merits. Later, Jiuzhen and Nichinan were also retaken by the Guan army, and Eastern Wu regained control of the Jiaozhou region.
Conclusion: The Jiaotong Rebellion was a successful counterattack launched by Eastern Wu in response to the strategic situation of the Jin Dynasty surrounded on three sides. However, the successful recovery of Jiaozhou did not change the state of Jin's strength and Weakness, and Eastern Wu sent a large number of troops to appease Jiaozhou, so that there were not enough troops to fight against the Jin Dynasty, which accelerated the demise of Eastern Wu.
Scramble: The Southern Front Between the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Wu Empire