Speaking of the Xi'an Incident that occurred on December 12, 1936, Huaqingchi's "buckle of Jiang" is undoubtedly the most legendary scene. With the sudden gunshots at the dawn of Lintong in Shaanxi Province, the "suppression of the Communists" war that Chiang Kai-shek had repeatedly insisted on was forced to stop, and the course of China's history came to a quiet turn here. Few people know that Luoyang, more than three hundred kilometers from Xi'an, almost immediately received the news of the Xi'an soldier's advice, and when Chiang Kai-shek, who was slightly injured, walked into the Xincheng building, a two-seat trainer plane sent by Luoyang was forced to land in the wheat field outside Huaqing Pond. At the same time, the Nanjing military and political officers of the Xijing Guest House woke up like a dream, and Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng joined hands to do an earth-shattering event, thus changing the trend of the country and the fate of many individuals.
In the early 1930s, Zhang Xueliang took a group photo with He Yingqin and others in Nanjing
The western section of the Longhai Railway stands two thousand-year-old cities, and Luoyang is located more than 300 kilometers east of Xi'an, and the sunrise time is about thirteen minutes earlier than Xi'an. After the Central Plains War, Luoyang became an important stronghold for Chiang Kai-shek to manage the hinterland of Zhongzhou, and during the "1.28" Songhu War of Resistance, the Nationalist government even moved the capital to Luoyang for a time. In just a few years, the Central Military Academy and the Aviation School have successively established branch schools in Luoyang, with Zhu Shaozhou and Wang Shuming as directors. Soon, Zhu Shaozhou also served as the commander of the Gongluo garrison, and in addition to being responsible for school affairs, he also secretly supervised the repair of national defense fortifications along the Yellow River in Shuishui, Hugaoguan, Gongxian, Yanshi, Luoyang, Shaanxi, Tongguan, and Yumenmen, in order to make long-term preparations for the War of Resistance Against Japan.
In November 1936, Wan Yaohuang's 25th Army was transferred to Gansu to cooperate with the "suppression of the Communists", and the defense near Luoyang was transferred to Fan Songfu's 46th Army to take over. On the evening of December 11, Huang Yong'an, commander of the 8th Brigade of the Northeast Army's Artillery in Luoyang, hosted a banquet at his home to entertain Fan Songfu, and since graduating from the seventh phase of the Army University, the two had not yet met, and after a few glasses of wine, Huang sighed: "I am a deceased provincial, homeless. Fan's heart was hot: "I will definitely go out with you to fight back to your hometown and send your whole family back to your hometown." ”
Commander of the 46th Army of the Nationalist Army, Fan Songfu
The next day, Fan Songfu made an appointment with the division commanders Dong Zhao and Chen Anbao to visit the Longmen Grottoes, and just as they were about to leave for breakfast, Zhu Shaozhou called and said that there were important matters to discuss. Fan Songfu hurried to the military academy office, only to see Huang Yong'an standing there, Wang Shuming sitting next to him, Zhu Shaozhou handed over a telegram from Zhang Xueliang to Huang Yong'an: "The brigade commander will monitor Luoyang Airport, not allow one to take off, and close the banks, and command the northeast non-commissioned officers of the Luoyang Military Branch School to teach zhao Yunfei to work together." ”
Huang Yong'an's whistle-blowing was a big surprise, and Zhu Shaozhou and Fan Songfu discussed that they must seize the Tongguan Pass, "At present, there are only your troops on the Longhai line, and other troops are transferred far from the water and not to save the fire." Fan was a little worried: "There is an order from the seat of the commission, and the troops who have not been ordered by the central authorities to move without authorization are guilty of rebellion, and if I enter and occupy Tongguan, and there is no accident in Xi'an, I cannot bear this crime." Zhu Shaozhou enlightened: "The commission has a lot of trust in you, and if there is no accident, if you are reprimanded by a reprimand, you will not be guilty of rebellion." Zhu Shaozhou and Wang Shuming summed up, can you immediately send a plane to Lintong to save the car?" Wang Shuming believes that no matter what happened in Lintong and whether the chairman of the committee is still in Lintong, there is a need to send a plane to Lintong.
Chiang Kai-shek gave a speech in the mid-1930s
At about 6 o'clock on December 12, Cai Xichang, the flight team leader of the Aviation Branch School, flew the Frit trainer plane into the sky. Zhu Shaozhou telegraphed He Yingqin, minister of military affairs, and Zhu Peide, director of the General Office of the Military Commission: "There have been incidents in Xi'an, and the truth is unknown. It is not clear whether the commission is in Xi'an or in Lintong. Commander Wan Yaohuang was informed to return to Xi'an from Xianyang, Fan Songfu's army would advance westward from Luoyang, and all the aircraft would fly to Xi'an to deter reconnaissance. ”
The 46th Army was urgently mobilized, collecting defense services and trains at the same time. At about 1 o'clock on December 13, Dong Zhao's 28th Division took the lead in assembling at Tongguan and took control of the office of the 67th Army of the Northeast Army, five supplementary battalions, and two flat-firing artillery companies. The central army effortlessly occupied the gateway to eastern Shaanxi, was it caused by Zhang and Yang ignoring the direction of Tongguan? The problem is actually with the Shaanxi Army. At dawn on the 12th, Yang Hucheng telephoned Feng Qinya, commander of the 7th Army and commander of the 42nd Division: "Chiang Kai-shek does not accept the demands of the United Communists to resist Japan, Deputy Commander Zhang has ordered Chiang Kai-shek to be detained and put into Tongguan, and you quickly lead your troops to Tongguan to prevent the Central Army from invading Xi'an." Feng refused on the spot: "I will not carry out Deputy Commander Zhang's orders, and if you have any other methods, we can discuss them again." ”
Feng Qinya
At midnight on December 13, Fan Songfu contacted Feng Qinya by phone: "Zhang and Yang rebelled, what attitude do you take?" Feng's answer was simple and frank: "I guard Dali and do not fight the Central Army, but with my historical relationship with Yang, I will not do it if I want to fight Yang." Fan said: "We understand your position, my army is only on the north bank of the Wei River, and your army should not come over the south bank, so as not to be misunderstood." Zhu Shaozhou said to himself: "The reason why the Xi'an Incident was resolved quickly and made it impossible for the rebellion to expand, yu Zhi immediately decided to control Tongguan, which is really an important key." ”
Speaking of Cai Xichang, after being forced to land in the wheat field next to the road in front of Huaqingchi, he was captured by the Northeast Army, "I am a new flight instructor of Luoyang Aviation School, I am familiar with the nearby terrain, as a familiar flight to understand the environment, I can't think of trek, is this Xuchang Station?" The soldiers of the Northeast Army were willing to believe that the spare flight clothes and flying glasses in the back seat of the plane were enough to explain the problem, so they escorted Cai Xichang to the Huaqingchi battalion headquarters, and the battalion commander calmly said: "You brought these things here, obviously to pick up people, but unfortunately you came eighty minutes late!" On January 3, 1937, Cai Xichang returned to Luoyang safely, and his colleagues sweated for him.
Cai Xichang's plane was surrounded by the Northeast Regiment
Through the efforts of all parties, the Xi'an Incident eventually led to reconciliation in a rational way. On December 25, Zhang Xueliang escorted Chiang Kai-shek and Song Meiling out of Xi'an, and before boarding the plane, Jiang said to Zhang: "You should stay, after you go, there is no commander of the Northeast Army, and at this time you will have many inconveniences in going to Nanjing." Zhang Xueliang insisted that "good men do good things and good men" and have since been under house arrest for more than half a century. More than eighty years have passed since the Xi'an Incident, and the two generals Zhang and Yang, with their great personal sacrifices, have accelerated the compromise between the Kuomintang and the Communists, laying a political foundation for an all-out war of resistance.
Chiang Kai-shek and Soong Mei-ling arrived safely in Nanjing, and Lin Sen, chairman of the National Government, greeted them at the airport
<h1>bibliography:</h1>
1. The Party History Committee of the Central Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, ed., Historical Materials of the Xi'an Incident.
2. Edited by the Literature and History Materials Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference: "Personal Experience of the Xi'an Incident", China Literature and History Publishing House.
3. Fan Songfu: "The Record of the Sinking and Floating of the Dragon Head General", Shanghai Pictorial Publishing House.