What should be the interpretation of the word "red scarf green sleeve" in Xin's "Water Dragon Yin"

Xin's words are at their peak in the Song Dynasty and in the entire history of Chinese words. His famous poem "Water Dragon Yin Deng Jiankang Appreciation Pavilion" is favored by almost all kinds of poetry anthologies, and has also been selected for middle school Chinese textbooks. The writer of the word must not exert his ambition to resist the Jin Dynasty and restore the country, and on the occasion of the visit, he expresses the sadness and indignation of the hero's frustration:

Chu Tian is thousands of miles in autumn, and the water goes with the sky to autumn. Haruka is far away, offering sorrow and offering hate, jade hairpin and screw bun. Sunset building head, broken hong sound, Jiangnan wanderer. Look at the Wu hook, shoot the railing all over, no one will, board the intention.

Hugh said that the perch is terrible, and the westerly wind and the season eagle have returned? Asking Tian to ask for a house, afraid that he should be ashamed to see, Liu Lang was angry. It is a pity that the years flow, the sorrows of the wind and rain, and the trees are like this! Who is Qian to call, red scarf green sleeves, tears of heroes?

The last sentence of the word, "Red Scarf Green Sleeve", almost all the annotations and interpretations revolve around "woman". Hu Yunyi's annotated "Selected Song Words" says: "Red scarf green sleeves, maiden attire, borrowed finger singer" (Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1978 edition, page 260). Yu Pingbo's Selected Interpretations of Tang and Song Dynasties says: "Red turbans and green sleeves, decoration, to replace beautiful women" (People's Literature Publishing House, 1979 edition, p. 205). The Selected Poems of Chinese Dynasties edited by Lin Geng and Feng Yuanjun says: "The red scarf green sleeve refers to the person who takes this kind of scarf sleeve" (People's Literature Publishing House, 1980 edition, page 737). Xia Chengtao and Wu Wuwen said in the "Appreciation Dictionary of Tang and Song Words (Southern Song Dynasty Liaojin Scroll)": "The red scarf and green sleeves are the attire of young girls, and here is synonymous with girls." In the Song Dynasty, on occasions of general entertainment, there were singers and prostitutes singing and drinking wine" (Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, 1988, p. 1482). Xia Chengtao and You Zhishui directly translated the last sentence of the word as follows: "In this mood, who will summon the woman with the red scarf and green sleeves to dry the tears of the worried country for me?" (Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1979 edition, p. 10) Deng Guangming's "Notes on the Chronicles of Jiaxuan Words" is an authoritative annotated version that contains a relatively complete number of Xin words, but the "Red Turban Green Sleeve" is omitted and unnotated (Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, October 1993 edition, p. 34), which may be thought to mean that the four words refer to young women whose meaning is self-evident and does not need to be annotated.

The interpretation or non-annotation of the above notes takes literal meaning, and all of them are due to the meaning of the text or because of the meaning of the text, and the words are reasonable and reasonable, and there is no doubt that they are quite reasonable. However, the creation of classical Chinese poetry, as Yan Yu's "Canglang Poetry" said, often "poetry has different materials, non-Guanshu also; poetry has different interests, non-Guan Li also", often in addition to the literal meaning, but also contains and implies a pronounced or symbolic meaning, and the latter may be the author's more want to express or really want to express the meaning. The "red scarf green sleeve" of Xin Renjie's word, in addition to the superficial meaning of the singing woman or the young and beautiful woman who accompanies the wine, also refers to and implies the meaning of the anti-Gold armed forces to recover the mountains and rivers in the north. This can be seen by examining the specific meaning of "red scarf green sleeve" at that time and clarifying the meaning of the whole word.

The writer of the opening chapter of the lyrics climbed to the Jiankang (present-day Nanjing) Pavilion to see the magnificent scenery of the Yangtze River in the middle of the swing and the vastness. Then the three sentences of "Harukan is far away, offering sorrow and offering hatred, and jade hairpin screw bun", the lyricist looks at the winding and undulating distant mountains in the occupied area of Jiangbei on the opposite bank, just like the jade hairpin inserted on the head of the beautiful woman and the spiral bun combed up, but one by one it seems to offer sorrow and hatred, causing the lyricist to be sad and indignant about the loss of the homeland. This clearly shows that the writer set up an image from the beginning, that is, the shape and color of the "jade hairpin screw bun" in the beautiful dress, symbolizing and referring to the great rivers and mountains in the occupied areas on the north bank of the Yangtze River. However, "the sunset tower, the sound of the broken hong, Jiangnan wanderer." Wu Hook was seen, the railing was photographed all over, no one would, and the landing was intentional", this series of typical pictures and actions vividly showed that the lyricist was determined to serve the country and recover the lost land, but he was repeatedly treated coldly, and he was helpless and indignant, until finally he issued the questioning and lamentation of "Qian he who summoned, red scarf green sleeves, and tears of heroes". Just as the previous film "Jade Hairpin Screw Bun" borrowed a woman's headdress to dress up, comparing the great rivers and mountains in the fall of the north, the "red scarf green sleeve" in the next film has an intertextual relationship with it, and it is not simply a woman's outfit to describe a young and gorgeous woman, but a pun, and its special meaning is rich connotation.

The words "jade hairpin screw bun" and "red scarf green sleeve" used by Xin Shuyi both inherit the tradition of poetry Bixing, which has quite a source and origin. Han Yu's poem "Sending Guizhou Yan Dafu" (送桂州严大夫) reads: "Jiang Zuo Qingluo Belt, Mountains Like Jade Hairpins"; Pi Rixiu's "Miaomiao Peak" poem: "It seems to sprinkle the green snail bun in the bright moon"; Zhou Bangyan's "Xihe Jinling" words: "The mountains encircle the homeland around the Qingjiang River, and the buns are opposite"; Zhang Xiaoxiang's "Water Tune Song Head Guilin Collection Sentence" Words: "Jiangshan is good, Qingluo belt, jade hairpin", etc., can be said to be the precursor of the Xin word "jade hairpin screw bun". As for the "Red Turban Green Sleeves", such as Wang Bo's "Falling Flowers": "Luo Yuan's Red Turban Returns", Su Shi's "He Groom", "Pomegranate Half Spit Red Turban", and Bai Juyi's "Inviting Guests on the Lake to Send Spring Rafting": "Paibi Orchestra Line Cui Sleeve", Ouyang Xiu's "Huan Xi Sha": "Cui Xi Sha": "Cui Sleeve JiaoJiao Dancing Stone State", Mao Huan's "Bodhisattva Man", "Golden Sleeve Cui Sleeve Diligent Stay Guest", etc., all use the concepts of "Red Turban" and "Cui Sleeve" in the sense of women's attire or women.

However, the term "red scarf" has a new change in connotation from the end of the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, that is, it sometimes refers specifically to armed organizations such as the anti-Jin rebels, which left a clear imprint on the poetry creation at that time. For example, Deng Su's "Sending Li Zhuangyuan Back to the Dynasty": "The red scarf is no longer there, so why should the red scarf be like this." To dispel the chaos and know the end of the primitive, the system can whip the Xiongnu"; Zhao Fan's "Thirty Rhymes of the Ancient Body of Chinese New Year's Eve": "There are many red scarves in the rivers and lakes, and the townships close off the news." Mansheng a long mourning, the mountain stone for me to split"; Liu Ziyi's "Yu Customs" one of them: "Dongjia Red Turban Lang, grow up good skills." In the desolate battlefield, the white bones of the skull decay first"; Hong Zhikui's "Send Fan Cao to the Summons": "The urgent spell summons Yazhou Ding, the knife stains the red scarf and the blood and rain", and so on. The "red scarf" obviously does not refer to women or women's attire, but to armed forces such as the anti-Jin rebels.

In 1127 AD, after the Jurchen Jin army brutally captured Kaifeng and other northern territories, it provoked armed resistance from the people of north China and the Central Plains, who were called the "Red Turban Army" because they were marked by the red scarf on their heads. The Red Turban Army in the southern section of the Taihang Mountains showed its banner in the first year of Jianyan, and as many as 100,000 people gathered to attack the Dazhai of the left deputy marshal of the Jin Dynasty, Sticky Han, and almost completely annihilated his army, which shows the great power and influence. Other places such as Henan, Huaibei and other places also had many rebel armies rise up, and the Red Turban Army actually became the common name of the civilian anti-Jin rebels at that time. (Zhai Bozan edited the second volume of the Outline of Chinese History, the People's Publishing House, 1985 edition, p. 72; Bai Shouyi, editor-in-chief: "The General History of China", volume VII, "The 'Youkou'" section of the "Two Rivers, Two Huai Anti-Jin Rebels and the Unity of Soldiers and Bandits'", Shanghai People's Publishing House, 1999 Edition, pp. 321-324) Some of the "Red Turbans" in the poems of the Southern Song Dynasty specifically refer to the Red Turban Army, which is a reflection and expression of its anti-Gold activities.

Not only does "red scarf" have specific connotations, but "green sleeves" are far from referring specifically to women or women's clothing. As far as the poems of the late Northern Song Dynasty and the early Southern Song Dynasty are concerned, there are those who use "cui sleeves" to describe plum blossoms, lotus flowers, daffodils, and plantains, such as Sun Qin's "Mei Er Song", one of which is: "The north wind cuts the water and jade flowers fly, and the green sleeves linghan does not sustain itself"; Xiang Anshi's "Evening Lotus": "The green sleeves dance the cold pond, and there is no longer the gentle makeup at that time"; Zhu Xi's "Rhymes with zi clothes to thank the daffodils": "Where the water fairies come from, the green sleeves are yellow crowned bai yuying"; Wang Yang's "And Chen Changqing fu basho": "Long fear of the cold of the day and the twilight, do not dye the green sleeves with dust." Lotus leaves and banana leaves in the world, do not compete with the red fang to occupy spring." There are also "green sleeves" to describe wood hibiscus, moso bamboo, and lakeside green planters, such as Xue Jixuan's "Frost Resistant Flower": "Dipped in wood hibiscus, dark red between light red." The golden cage bakes the sunset, and the green sleeves sweep the autumn wind"; Liu Ziyi's "Sub-rhyme Yuan Zhongzhu": "Zen heart knocks with rhyme, and cui sleeves rely on incense." There is no frost, artemisia to Ruchang"; Yu Liangneng", "Crossing dongting lake": "Basket public opinion dan over dongting, sunrise tobacco sales ten miles flat." Green sleeve dancing wind leaf lifting, red makeup illuminating water lotus peanuts" and so on.

Closely related to the topic of this article, it is not uncommon to describe tree forests and mountain peaks with "green sleeves". For example, Ge Shengzhong's "Three Songs of the Shaoyun Stone Forest Valley Caotang" one of them: "Spoiling the cycle of insults and disgusting with eunuchs, hijab huts hands camp." Qingquan Hengdao doubtful caves, Cui Sleeves surrounded by resembling huacheng"; Liao Xingzhi's "Three Songs of Outing rhymes with Zhang Wangchen", one of which: "Lin Shu Wei Pavilion for feasting, in front of the door Cui Sleeves like a row of ya"; Zhang Boyu's "Penglai Pavilion Looking at the Writing Of Nostalgia": "The land is heavy in the southeast, and the mountains are blasphemous." Pinghu Lake comes to ten thousand valleys, and the green sleeves are lined with thousands of doors"; Chen Mi's "Titled Wild Pavilion": "The evening scenery is exceptionally new, and the height of the wild pavilion is the most attractive." The silk sleeves are divided and returned, and the cold waves of The Qu qu go to turn to relatives"; Wu Juan's "Fanyang Daozhong": "In the green mist of Zhu Yong, the sleeves of Hua Qiancui lean on the light wind." Pedestrians have broken their intestines in the ancient Wu, just like in the east of Yunshan Mountain. (Here "Cui Sleeve", according to the National Library of China, Wu Lei enjoyed the engraving of Wu Yan's "Zhuzhou Anthology" in the sixth year of Ming Hongzhi, and Wu Ying's engraving of "Wu Wensu Gongwen Collection" in the seventh year of the Ming Wanli Calendar was changed to "Cui Xiu", which was actually a mistake, because "Cui Sleeve" is a metaphor for expressing the meaning of "Cui Xiu")

The authors such as Deng Su, Zhao Fan, Liu Ziyi, Hong Zhikui, Sun Qin, Xiang Anshi, Zhu Xi, Wang Yang, Xue Jixuan, Yu Liangneng, Ge Shengzhong, Liao Xingzhi, Zhang Boyu, Chen Mi, and Wu Ju were all well-known sages and scribes who preceded Xin Shuyi or were of his contemporaries, among whom Zhu Xi and Wu Dan also had considerable contacts and singing harmony with Xin Renyi. Since they have all used the phrases "red scarf" and "green sleeve" in connotations such as the red turban rebel army and the mountain peaks, how can we look at the literary meaning and easily assert that the "red turban green sleeve" of the xin word refers to a young woman or a singer?

In fact, when Xin was young, he had joined the anti-Jin rebel army led by Geng Jing in Shandong, and had made many great achievements in pursuing Yiduan and capturing the traitor Zhang Anguo alive. He did not hear about the huge Red Turban Army at that time, but personally experienced it, and he had the "magnificent age of the flag to support the ten thousand men, and the golden jacket to ride across the river at the beginning of the river." Yan Bing Ye Jie Yin Hu [~Symbol ~], Han Arrow Flying Golden Servant Gu" (Xin Abandoned Disease "Partridge Heaven · Youke Talk About Meritorious Names Because of The Remembrance of Juvenile Current Affairs Dramas") experienced by the anti-gold hero. Carefully appreciate the creative mentality and thinking and emotion of the word Xin Renjie, especially the meaning and meaning of each word and sentence, "Red Turban" refers to the anti-gold armed forces, and "Cui Sleeve" refers to the fall of the north to the country, as if the word itself can have the meaning of the title. Therefore, "Who will summon qian, the red scarf and green sleeves, and the tears of heroes" can also be literally translated as: Who can summon the anti-Jin armed forces to recover the lost rivers and mountains, and dry up the tears of our worried country?

Judging from the main theme expressed in the whole word, the lyricist was bold and heroic, determined to recover the homeland, and although he was snubbed and ostracized by the court of the left side of the An Jiang, he remembered the present and did not change his original intention. He poured out in the words: "Hugh said that the perch can be satisfied, and the west wind and the season eagle have returned? Asking Tian to ask for a house, afraid that he should be ashamed to see, Liu Lang was angry. It is a pity that the years flow, the sorrows of the wind and rain, and the trees are like this! This is the poet's incandescent passion for intestines, and he is not willing to be like Zhang Han of the Jin Dynasty, coveting pleasures and abandoning his officials to return to his hometown and forgetting state affairs; he is also ashamed to ask for tian and ask for help in the Three Kingdoms period; how can the years pass, the years are wasted, and the long-cherished wishes of life cannot be realized, which makes people infinitely sad and sad. Such a heroic and fierce patriot, whose "heroic tears" of suffering and national hardships, can only be truly soothed and dried by regaining the lost land and being flawless. Just grasping the literal meaning, the woman with the red scarf and green sleeves as the main body of "picking up the tears of heroes", it seems that shallow singing and leaning on the red can soothe the pain and indignation of the lyricist who has no way to serve the country, which is not only a disregard and underestimation of Xin's loyal patriotic feelings and the character of "heroic and virtuous integrity" ("Song Shi Xin Abandoned Disease") character, but also quite far from the meaning of the whole word, and at the same time reduces and weakens the ideological connotation and taste style of Xin Ci's representative work.

Strolling on the book mountain, when there is doubt in the place of doubt, slightly present the results of the release of doubts, I don't know if I can talk about it. Pray for the Fang family to correct!

(Author: Qian Niansun, researcher of Anhui Academy of Social Sciences)