The four major literary prisons of the Qing Dynasty occurred together in Gutong Prefecture (present-day Nantong City), which was still three years after the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing Dynasty had just ascended the throne, in the eighth month of the lunar calendar, the autumn was high and refreshing, the fragrance of Dangui was wafting, and the people at the gate of the Jiangnan Gongyuan in Jiangning Province (now Nanjing City) were coming and going, bustling and bustling, and the students, supervisors, yinsheng, official students, and gongsheng from the prefectures and counties of the two provinces of Suwan province entered the trumpet house one by one, and as the chief examiner shouted: "Open... test... finish... Just listen to the "bang", firecrackers Tengjia, the triennial township examination cannon sounded.
In the number room of the Gongyuan, the silence is quiet, the elegance is silent, the candidate of the sixteenth house is a student of the Tongzhou Tea Factory, surnamed Xu, the name shu, the word Gengya, the age of 35, he was born in a rich family, since childhood meritorious name, this time the examination is particularly serious, in the face of the "king's envoys to the courtesy" test questions, locked their eyebrows, the right hand holding the sheep pen, full of thick ink, the left hand supports the corner of the examination case, half-bowed body standing, the mouth said silently to himself: "If you want to make the courtiers according to the ceremonies, for the monarch must first know the etiquette, the ceremonial, the monarch will remember himself, If you do not fulfill the courtesy for the king, why should the courtiers know how to be polite? If the courtiers do not know etiquette, how can they educate the people of the world? ”
Xu Shu gently tapped the table top of the examination table, a satisfied smile appeared on his face, and whispered to himself softly, "Yes!" Just write along the line of thought of 'the liturgical king commits suicide', and it will be able to get to the point. Therefore, Xu Shu was full of thick ink again, and smoothly wrote a line of thin, stiff, and beautiful willow small characters on the test paper...
"Bang!" Another cannon sounded, the township test ended, Xu Shu was happy, holding the happy mood of being able to "dengke", but he never expected that it was this township test that actually led to his death being beheaded by coffin and violently killed in the street.
One day in the tenth month of the lunar calendar, Sanyuan Quick Horse went straight to Xu Shu's house in the tea field. The leader of the group turned over and dismounted, shouting loudly: "Please ask Xu Gongzi to come out, congratulations on high school." He immediately held up the newspaper sticker and read it aloud word by word: "Xu Shu, the prince of your house, ranked fifth in the high school Jiangsu Provincial Township Examination, and the good news has even been listed in Huangjia." The Xu family listened to this good news, and immediately rejoiced, warm wine, stir-frying, busy entertaining the visitors, when Xu Shu went out to a friend's house, there were already family members to inform.
After Xu Shuzhongju, the excitement of the joy was indescribable, Xu Shu's ambition was far from caring about taking a scholar' examination, he also had to pass the entrance examination for the Jinshi Zhongzhuangyuanli, but the Entrance Examination in the Zhongzhuangyuan did not have a quiet place for reciting the scriptures, could it be done? He decided to build a study, the idea was established, Xu Shu convened the craftsmen to build a study, the craftsmen racked their brains, built a "one-pillar building" This column building is made of a giant wood as a truss to support the weight of the entire small building floor, its structural principle is quite like the bones on the umbrella are all propped on the umbrella handle, within two months, the craftsmen will be a delicate and transparent "one-pillar building" to complete, Xu Shu is very proud.
There was an unexpected storm in the sky, Xu Shu was immersed in the Keju High School, when his heart was full of flowers, one day, he suddenly received a message from Lord Zhang of Zhixian County, asking him to go to the county Yamen quickly, Xu Shu immediately rushed to the county Ya, saw that Lord Zhang's face was displeased, and he bowed down and asked: "Lord, what is the urgency of asking Xiaosheng?" ”
Lord Zhang said to Xu Shu, "Did Prince Xu ever write something on the scroll of the township examination, 'The liturgist, the king commits suicide'?" ”
Xu Shu was shocked, and with a little recollection, he replied, "I wrote it." ”
Lord Zhang said, "Alas! Pity, pity! Unbeknownst to the prince, the province submitted the examination paper to the Gift Department for review, and the Ceremony Department thought that your words had the intention of ridiculing the current imperial court and punished you for suspending the examination. ”
Xu Shuyi heard that he was punished for suspending the examination for entering the military, which undoubtedly cut off his way of being promoted to an official eunuch, his mind suddenly buzzed, his face suddenly changed color, his face was like dead ash, and even his voice was out of tune.
After half a day of hesitation, he defended: "Lord Zhang, my 'exhaustion' here is the meaning of 'trying as much as possible', my Xu family has always been loyal to the imperial court, how dare I have the heart to ridicule the imperial court!" ”
Zhang Daren's face was even more gloomy, and he lowered his voice and said to Xu Shu: "Gongzi, remember the phrase 'for Wen Yiqu', do not hide from Gongzi, I never socialize with people in poetry, even if it is a letter sent by a close friend, read it and burn it immediately, so as not to leave a gap for the secret agent, otherwise, my black gauze hat would have fallen aside." ”
Lord Zhang's words stunned Xu Shu, who did not wake up for half a day.
Xu Shu returned home, and in a fit of anger, he named his own hall "Wei Zhi Tang", which is "Wei Zhi Tang". In fact, the Qing Emperor "Yongzheng" the word to head, clear-eyed people at a glance to know the original intention of Xu Shu's name, after this, Xu Shu like another person, no longer as before, widely friends, visiting the inkers, but alone all day long in the pillar tower, immersed in the poetry.
Winter to spring, year after year, compiled more than 10 kinds of poetry collections such as "One Pillar Lou Poems", he complained bitterly about the cancellation of the ceremonial department from his participation in the examination, and poured his resentment against the Qing court into these manuscripts-especially from the "One Pillar Lou Poems" "Destroying my clothes and hating things, destroying the nest in the Ming Dynasty", "The Great Ming Heavenly Son Meets Again, and Put the Pot half aside" and other verses, it is not difficult to see that this "Daming" and "Ming Dynasty" obviously refer to the dynasty, and "Hu'er( Hu'er) obviously refers to the Qing Dynasty. When Xu Shu died of illness in the 28th year of Qianlong, his son Xu Huaizu published 6 kinds of poems left behind by Xu Shu as a memorial and comfort to his father.
Qianlong thirty-three years of tea fighting to build a Temple of Confucius, Xu Huaizu is the richest man in the tea field, but also the director of the tea field, responsible for the loss of the matter, Xu Huaizu originally wanted to use this matter to show his ability, but just out of the teacher touched a hard nail ... ...
Tea house Nanxiang Cai family building rich household Cai Jiashu did not buy his account, a son also refused to come out, helpless, Xu Huaizu had to swallow this mouthful of hard to swallow, sad return, not long after, the Qing Empress fell ill and died, according to the qing dynasty's regulations: the royal dead, within a hundred days, the people can not cross the rules to shave their hair, and Cai Jiashu actually disobeyed the imperial rules, secretly shaved his hair for his young son Cai Hu, Cai Jiashu's brother Cai Anshu was usually at odds with him, and quietly told Xu Huaizu about this matter, Xu Huaizu thought: You miserly ghost, Not a single penny for the construction of the Confucius Temple, this time you still dare to be stingy! The matter was reported to the county court, and as a result, Cai Jiashu was fined 500 taels of silver. Cai Jia suffered a dumb loss, could not say anything bitterly, hated the Xu family, and vowed not to repay this vendetta and not to be blinded.
Time is like an arrow, the sun and the moon are like shuttles, and I don't realize that in the forty-second year of Qianlong, the Qianlong Emperor issued a ban on books, ordering all localities to confiscate "illegal" books. In July of that year, Xu Huaizu died of illness, and Cai Jiashu saw that the time had come, so he took the opportunity to propose a field entanglement to Xu Huaizu's eldest son Xu Tiantian, thinking that Xu Huaizu would obey, Xu Food Tian of course did not follow, Cai Jiashu threatened to accuse the local government of the "violation" of the book published by Xu Huaizu, Xu Eating Was helpless, and was busy submitting the engraved books and tablets to Dongtai County, and Dongtai County immediately sealed the board book to the Jiangning Bookstore for review, and returned the original to Dongtai County.
Tu Yuelong of Dongtai County Zhixian county saw that this case was quite tricky, but Cai Jiashu was not convinced, thinking: What is forty acres of graveyard? This time I don't ruin your Xu family, I am not Cai Jiashu! Cai Jiashu went directly to Jiangning Prefecture to accuse dongtai zhi county and the relevant personnel of the Jiangning Bookstore, and Tao Yi, the political envoy of Jiangning Province, asked lu Yan, a guest of the cabinet, to accept the case, and Lu Yan saw that Cai Jiashu was suspected of false accusations, so he criticized it on the case file: "The book board has been in Wu County, and if there is any violation, it should be destroyed. Ming acted under false accusations. And he also wrote to the Yang prefecture government: "If there is a search for books, if there is any violation, it should be collected and paid, and if only the words and sentences are out of control, the person who raises the head will sit back with the accusation." "Take this case to Yangzhou Capital for handling."
Xie Qikun, the prefect of Yangzhou, was ordered in mid-July to escort the case file books and criminals to Yangzhou for trial. This Cai Jiashu is not an idle person, when he saw the local officials protecting the Xu family, he couldn't help but be angry, and in August, Jiangsu Xuezheng Liu Yong went to the Golden Temple to examine the students, and Cai Jiashu, with the help of Tong Zhilin, the enemy of Xu Shu in the past, went to the car to present the poems that slandered the Qing Dynasty in "One Pillar Building Poem".
At that time, when the Qing court promulgated a ban on books that was popular throughout the country, Liu Yong saw that this case was not trivial, he was well aware of the Qianlong Emperor's sensitivity to literary cases, did not dare to be slack, and hurriedly played Qianlong, qianlong reviewed the "One Pillar Lou Poem", was furious, severely reprimanded the governor of Liangjiang, Sa Zai, and Jiangsu Inspector Yang Kui to quickly investigate the original cause of the case, and sent a message to the various provinces to find out the situation of Xu Shu's writings, and the personnel involved in the case were released for interrogation. Although Xu Huai's grandfather and son died, he also dissected the coffin and poked the corpse of the owl to show the public, and sent the Qianqing Gate bodyguard Ami guo to the tea field to monitor and handle it with Yang Kui, the inspector of Jiangsu.
Xu Shutian and Xu Shushu (Xu Shu's two grandsons) were beheaded on the spot; Xu Shu's students Xu Shoufa and Shen Chengmao, and the Qianlong Emperor believed that the names of these two people were read together, which was to oppose the Qing Dynasty's shaving system, to use Xu Shu's reverse name, and to engrave proofreadings for their works, beheading them, and entering the officials with property; and the poor handling of Tao Yi by the government envoys was a great rebellion. Lu Yan, an aide to the envoys, regarded this case as commonplace and was involved in the elimination of serious cases. Mao Cheng wrote a poem for Xu Shu, beheaded for sin, minus one, three hundred rods, and three thousand miles exile. Xie Qikun, the prefect of Yangzhou. The handling of this case was delayed for half a month, and he neglected his duties, was dismissed from his post, and sent to Xinjiang to charge the army. Tu Yuelong of Dongtai Tianxian County, failed to investigate immediately, and was particularly prolonged, dismissed, cane hundreds, and sentenced to two years in prison. The plaintiff, Cai Jiashu, was aware of Xu Shu's contrarian remarks and did not immediately report it, and did not threaten to report it until the dispute over the field, but this matter was sued by Cai, so he was exempted from punishment and released on bail. Shen Deqian, a former attendant of the Ministry of Rites and Shangshu, was originally a favored courtier who was deeply respected by the Qianlong Emperor, and when he died of illness, the Qianlong Emperor also gave him a funeral inscription. When the Case of the One Pillar Lou Poem occurred, the Qianlong Emperor learned that he had written a biography of Xu Shu and claimed that Xu's character articles were all examples, and his body was broken. Those involved in the "One Pillar Of Lou Poems" case, the head of the head, the sentence of the sentence, the exile of exile.
"One Pillar Building Poetry Case" is one of the four major literary prisons of the Qing Dynasty, after the Xinhai Revolution, this case was rehabilitated Zhaoxue, Xu Shu wrote the book "One Pillar Building" restored and repaired a new, the late Qing Dynasty, the famous industrialist Zhang Xuan once waved a plaque for this. The font of "Ancient One Pillar Building" is vigorous and simple, and its building was not demolished until 1947.