(I think he's saying this –you've failed this town and I can go out and buy packs of cigarettes and I'll run into nine of them.)
Hello everyone, I'm an ace bike driver. Speaking of cowboys, what image comes to mind? Immediately think of the scorching sun, the fast horse, the steam train, the Colt revolver?
Or jeans and cowboy hats derived from denim dressing?
Or is it Eastwood's cowboy who wrestles wits with his opponent in "The good, the bad and the ugly"?
Well, none of the cowboys we're dealing with are real cowboys, nor are they completely fake cowboys. They are a totem produced by the combination of reality and popular culture, and today we will talk about the legendary cowboy.
Cowboys, as the name suggests, refer to cattle herders on North American ranches. If you want to, you can call this business a cowherd (not the money-making cowherd you think, but the poor and unlucky cowherd, the weaver girl's husband). Their main job is to herd cattle on horseback and also to participate in all the work of ranching and cattle herding.
Contemporary denim
It should be noted here that cowboys get their name from the nature of their work – they are called cowboys because their main business is cattle herding and herding cattle, and has nothing to do with transportation. Cowboys riding donkeys are also cowboys, cowboys with pickup trucks are also cowboys, and Zhu Yuanzhang, who herded cattle for landlords at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, came to the United States and was also called cowboy. If you call it by means of transportation, it is a bit of an inversion. And it doesn't sound right, like: horse boy, donkey boy, mule boy, motorcycle boy, helicopter boy, pickup boy.
Cowboys have deep historical roots, dating back to Spain and other European colonists who first came to the Americas. The English word cowboy originated in Ireland. In 1725, Jonathan Swift (the author of Gulliver's Travels, whom I liked a lot) used the term publicly for the first time, referring to a little boy who herded cattle. From 1820 to 1850, the term was used in Britain to describe a young boy who herded cattle for his family or in his village.
(I don't know if you have seen the episode of texas tom in "Tom and Jerry", haha)
In the 1880s, the Western United States also began to have this expression, which is the English literal translation of vaquero, vaquero is derived from vaca (Spanish word meaning "cow"), and the word comes from the Latin word vacca. Mainly refers to a person who manages a herd on horseback. Another English word referring to cowboys is buckaroo, which is an Englishized or English pronunciation derivative of Spanish vaquero.
By 1849, it had fitted the modern sense of the word—the adult cattle herder of the American West. Later, a variant of the word "cowboy" appeared. The word "cowhand" appeared in 1852 and the word "cowpoke" in 1881, initially referring only to those who used long poles to transport cattle by train.
In American English, cowboy means buckaroo, cowpoke, cowhand, and cowwpuncher. The word "cowboy" is common throughout the West, especially in the Great Plains and rocky mountains. "Buckaroo" is primarily used in the Great Basin and California, while "cowpuncher" is primarily used in Texas and surrounding states.
In addition to a simple literal translation from Spanish, the word cowboy also has an English root. Originally, the English word "cowherd" was used to describe cattle herders (similar to "shepherds"), usually referring to teenagers or boys, who usually herd cattle on their legs. Because equestrianism requires a certain amount of skill and horses and equipment, children generally rarely distribute these horses and equipment.
(For example, this cowboy named Chris Kyle was exposed to horses from a young age, and when he grew up, he also had a strong equestrian skills.)
Of course, in some cultures, children ride donkeys when they graze their animals (the Spanish Nobel Prize poet Juan Ramón Jimenez wrote a collection of essays about his childhood with a little donkey, called "Little Silver and Me", recommended reading).
The word is very old in English and originated before 1000 AD. In ancient times, sheep herding and cattle herding were usually the work of minors, and in many third world countries, there were still children engaged in the industry of herding.
Cowboys are still a common type of work in the Midwest today. However, because Westerns are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, when people talk about cowboys, the first thing that comes to mind is Clint Eastwood or Harrison Ford. And they're really cooler and more likable aren't they?
American Westerns can be said to be American martial arts movies, which fully reflect the simple yearning of the American people for chivalry and adventure
Broadly speaking, most cowboys do the work of cattleherds, and lassos must be there. As for the Colt revolver and the Winchester lever gun, it's hard to say, some people have it, some people don't. There are a small number of cowboys who really fight the outlaws with guns, assisting the sheriff of the town in the work of volunteer police officers (the word vigilante is certainly not unfamiliar to you), which is the origin of the cowboy image in popular culture.
But in fact, they are not cowboys in the strict sense, because after all, they do not live by herding cattle, but in nature, they are a bit like the Japanese ronin, who are out of production and rely on a body of kung fu to get a living. There are also very few cowboys, who are the heads on the wanted list – the criminals who have been chased.
(The Western Bounty Hunter thing is also worth mentioning)
In the late 19th century, Texas had 50 million cattle, the most cattle-owning state in the United States. Beginning in the 1860s, Texans drove large herds of cattle north to the railroads in Kansas and then resold them throughout the United States. At that time, there were also special "cattle roads" and "cow towns".
"Cattle Road" is a road specially let the "cattle" take, "Cow Town" is a foot station along the way, the cattle long-distance wading, across the state and county, of course, less than the leadership and care of people, this kind of person is the "hero on horseback" - cowboy. The cowboys would either drive their cattle from the pasture to the slaughterhouse, or they would travel thousands of miles to other pastures to make a living.
This is a bit like the big truck driver who drives long-distance transportation now, and our driver comrade is now going to a small restaurant on the side of the national highway to eat and drink soup (now I don't even drink alcohol), and find a small hotel to take a bath and sleep. But the cowboy is different, there will be no prohibition on drunken driving horses, to the slaughterhouse to send the cattle to the end of the money, happy to sing a little song back to the road, on the way to see the tavern must have tied the horse into the door, in the blink of an eye five glasses of beer mixed with whiskey under the belly. The next thing everyone knows, drinking is easy to get into trouble, and the cowboy carries a revolver to guard against robbers.......... There have been a lot of cowboy drunken firefights.
Later, the back-and-forth rush prompted all the cowboys entering the bar to have guns, even if he really wanted to have a drink ╮ ▽ ̄ ╭
(People in the west, involuntarily)
In this way, cattle herding, throwing ropes, carrying guns with them, cowboys who always ride high-headed horses when they appear (those cowboys with cows on their legs can't hang around every day), and in the wind and sand of the west, they gradually evolve from legends to a popular culture icon with special significance and legend.
(The good, the bad and the ugly, the pinnacle of Eastwood's Old Master's Western)
Okay, now that the cowboys are coming from, let's talk about what they do.
Cowboys have a variety of tasks, not only cattle herding, horses and sheep, the accurate occupation title should be shepherd. The main business of cowboys is cattle herding, and in the long and arduous herding journey, cowboys must have the spirit of hard-working and stand hard work, and at the same time be able to cope with various accidents and dangers.
First of all, we must discipline the untamed cattle, follow the cattle, keep a close eye on them, and not let down our vigilance. Along the way, keep an eye out for wolves and snakes and insects, and guard against Indians and strongmen who cut the path. Sometimes there may be a sudden thunderstorm, lightning and thunder will often alarm the cattle, the cattle run wildly, the cowboy will go around them in a circle, circle, to make the cattle panic dissipate.
Long-distance cattle herds are like large-scale marches, and the cowboys escorting the extraordinarily large herds have a strict division of labor and perform their duties. Often, two of the most experienced people serve as commanders-in-chief, one is a correspondent, who is responsible for passing on the message left and right. In addition, there are "rangers", responsible for free patrols between the front and back and left and right, "wing riding" on both sides of the team, and "tail riding" behind the temple, managing the calves, sick cattle and lazy cows behind the team.
(Western cowboys are a very hard and mentally honed trade.)
The western United States is full of wind and sand, and it is too big to see at a glance, and the number of cattle in captivity is very amazing. In order to inspect the cattle herd, the cowboys will naturally choose to ride horses, and the shepherds who are specifically responsible for taking care of the working horses for cattle herding have extended a subtype - the wrangler, which is born in response to market demand.
Some people say please, the guy who feeds the cowboy's horse can also be called a cowboy? I'm not going to talk about the long passages of economic theory. Put it this way, no matter what the local industry is, if it's late, don't be afraid, you can continue to see if there is a vacuum to fill. Small arms dealers can also proudly point to the Ford-class aircraft carrier and say that the porthole wipers on it are all sold by me, and the grooms can also point to the galloping cowboys and say that my main business is to effectively guarantee the development of cattle herding work, right?
If you make a living and abide by the law, there is no distinction between high and low occupations.
(As you can see, in 2005, a bear child in Afghanistan killed a blind sheep herding sheep.)
Because it takes time and physical fitness to hone the necessary skills, cowboys usually start their careers as teenagers. Once you have the skills, you can be hired to earn a salary (usually 12 or 13 years old), and if you are not injured later in your career, you can go cattle or horse herding.
Although in the United States , " cowgirls " ( discussed in part II ) were not widely recognized until the end of the 19th century , there were also some women who worked on ranches and learned the necessary grazing skills. In today's Western ranches, it's usually adults who can become professional cowboys. Adolescents and children are not responsible for herding cattle or other livestock.
However, boys and girls who grow up in a ranch environment, under the supervision of an adult, usually learn horseback riding and basic ranching skills early. Such young people, in their teens, often work as "cowboys" working on the ranch.
On how to accurately spot cowboys/Texans in a crowd
Now to turn to the use of other historical terms, the term "cowboy" was also used during the American Revolutionary War to describe American fighters who opposed the independence movement. Claudius Smith was an outlaw who shared the same stance as the royalists and was known as the "Cowboy of La Mapp" because of his penchant for stealing cattle and horses from the common people and giving them to the British. During the same period, some partisans operated in Westchester County, New York, which was the dividing line between British and American forces.
These groups were made up of local farm workers who ambushed convoys and launched attacks on both sides of the fighting, black and white. There were two separate organisations: the "Skinners" fighting for the independent side, and the "Cowboys" supporting the British army.
In the 1880s, in the tombstone district of Arizona in the southwestern United States, the term "cowboy" or "cow-boy" was used to demean those outlaws. A loosely organized gang known as the Cowboys profited by smuggling cattle, alcohol and tobacco across the United States and border areas in Mexico. In an editorial published in the San Francisco Inspector, the San Francisco Examiner wrote: "The cowboy is the most reckless outlaw in that barbaric country... Much worse than the average robber. ”
In this region, calling someone a "cowboy" is an insult because it means they are a horse thief, robber, or outlaw. Herders are often referred to as shepherds or ranchers. The activities of the aforementioned outlaw cowboys were eventually eliminated by a fierce gunfight and the resulting act of revenge. w
(To be continued)
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