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Original title: Ban Guiming "Duke of Yucheng" was Yu Zhong, the son of King Wen's brother Yu Uncle
Text/Mao Tianzhe</h1>
Foreword: Ban Gui is one of the most important physical treasures for the study of the history of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the origin of the Mao clan, and its importance is no less than that of Mao Gongding, and in some respects even surpasses Mao Gongding. The value of BanGui lies in its sprinkling of 198-character inscriptions, which makes it famous for its excellent documentary and historical function. A few years ago, Zhe had made a systematic study of the Ban Gui inscription, wrote the "Ban Gui (Mao Boyi) Re-Examination Interpretation", and the year before, he wrote "The Absolute Age of the Ban Gui "Copper Inscription Calendar Day"". However, zhe examines the old text, only the Ban Gui "Copper Inscription Calendar Day" examination of a text consciously can be made without publication, "Ban Gui (Mao Boyi) Re-Examination Interpretation" there are still many errors, and after years of study and speculation, there is a new understanding and understanding of the interpretation of the Ban Gui inscription, so another composition to supplement the deficiencies of the revision of the aforementioned examination, to be named "Ban Gui Supplement and Related Historical Facts". In view of the fact that the Ban Gui ming contains too much ancient history information, the relevant research articles are inevitably too long, in order to facilitate everyone's reading, it is divided into chapters to discuss, which is one of the series of articles.
Introduction Summary: The State of Yu was an important feudal state with the surname Ji in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Due to the unclear records in the documents handed down from generation to generation about the feudal lords, geographical outlook, and changes of the State of Yu, and there are many contradictions with each other, the historical circles since the Eastern Han Dynasty have been divided into different opinions, so that the State of Yu has five kinds of rheiding theories of the Western Kingdom, The Eastern Qi, the Southern, the Northern Yu, and the Xiao Yu, which has led to the difficulty of defining the identity of the Duke of Yucheng in bangui. According to the philosophical research, the "Duke of Yucheng" in the Bangui inscription, that is, the second son of King Wen's brother "Uncle Yu", "Yu Zhongshu", was also the first feudal prince of the Western Yu Kingdom, and was the commander of the Zhou Dynasty during the early Zhou Dynasty. The people of the Guo surname have always been unaware of their ancestors, and Mr. Guo Moruo's examination evidence cannot avoid falling into the trap, and most of them regard Uncle Yu Zhongyu as the mother and brother of King Wen, and respect him as the ancestor of the Guo surname. As everyone knows, his ancestor is the father of Uncle Yu Zhongyu, who is the mother and brother of King Wen, and in fact, he has counted a generation of ancestors.
Keywords: Ban Gui, Yu Chenggong, Yu Zhong, Uncle Yu, Mother Brother of King Wen, Brother of The Mother of King Wen, Brother of The Emperor of The Sect, Brother of the Eastern Qi, Xi Yu, Branch of the Clan, Shou Zao of the Younger Son, Guo Moruo, Guo Shi, Uncle Mao, Duke of Zhou, Uncle Kang, Ran Ji, Uncle Zheng of Mao, Mother brother of King Wu
Duke Chengcheng is the third personal name to appear in ban guiming, and it is also a historical figure with clear pointing, which is supposed to be an important coordinate for judging the era of the king to which ban gui belongs. It is only due to the lack of historical materials in the Western Zhou Dynasty that few scholars have discussed this in depth.
Guo Moruo did argue that he said: "The Gong of Yucheng is xiyu, and the gongdang of Yucheng is the person who was first sealed in xiyu. In the Yi instrument, the "Chengyu Dispatch" and "Chengyu Zhongxing" are crowned on the Gong of Cheng..., and the Gong of Chengcheng should be a contemporary of King Wen. The implication is that The Duke of Yucheng was sent to be King Wen's younger brother Yu Zhong.
The direction of Guo Lao's examination is undoubtedly correct, but as a descendant of the Yu clan, Mr. Guo still has certain errors in the examination of his ancestors' origins. Logically speaking, the Duke of Yucheng is naturally related to the Kingdom of Yu, and there is no doubt about this. Another point is that there are families with the yu as the clan, and naturally there should be a corresponding fief or feudal state. Zhe thought that the yu clan would be crowned during the reign of King Wen of Zhou. In the "Chinese", the two 虢 are mentioned together, that is, there were two 虢 during the reign of King Wen of Zhou, and they were sealed near the left of Qiyi.
King Wen of Zhou was the posthumous title of King Wu after he destroyed the Shang Dynasty and established the state, and was only called Xi Bochang during his lifetime. At that time, the Zhou people were still a vassal state of the Shang Dynasty, and it was impossible to have a feudal move, and it was more common sense at that time to take the fief Pai clan. At that time, the Zhou forces had not yet controlled the area around present-day Luoyang, Xingyang, and Zhengzhou, and the fiefdom of Eryu could only be near the capital of Zhou, so that It was convenient for King Wen to "consult With Eryu".
Together with the Sanshi Pan, Mao Gongding and called the Western Wednesday Great Bronze Ware of the Yu Jizi White Plate, also known as the Yu Pan.
Ancient and modern scholars, especially Sima Qian himself, can say that their understanding of the feudal system in the Western Zhou Dynasty can be said to be quite vague. Most scholars do not know much about the Western Zhou Caiyi system, and Sima Qian's "Records of History" only records the lineage of the princely states of Yan and Lu, but not the lineage of the Zhao and Zhou tribes in the land of Gyeonggi.
Similar situations abound in "Wu Taibo's Family", "Qi Taigong's Family", "Wei Kang's Uncle's Family", "Guan Cai's Family" and other articles, not to mention that he himself also claimed to be confused about the old son of King Wen of Zhou, Ran (聃) Ji Zai, that is, the lineage of Mao's Uncle Zheng Family, simply said "Ran Ji Zai, his future generations have nothing to see" . Due to the far-reaching influence of Sima Qian's "Records of History", few scholars in later generations were able to break through his theoretical barriers.
According to Zhe's research for many years, before king Wu destroyed the Shang, the fiefdom faction was mainly divided by mother and mother; After the extinction of the Shang, the system of dividing the firstborn and inheriting by the younger son generally followed. That is, the eldest son was sealed outside, and the second son inherited the original surname and the practice of the great ancestor staying in the original feudal yi in the interior of the family.
This practice has its origins, as Wang Guowei said, "Ji Ye of the Great King, King Wen of Shebo Yi kao and Li Wu Wang, Zhou Gongzhi succeeded King Wu and the regent was called Wang Ye, and zi Yin zhi said, all of them were also righteous." However, the Wang clan's example of this is obviously to prove that the succession system of concubines was initiated by the Zhou gong system Zhou Li, which is not true.
Yin zi wu yi passed on the fourth son, emperor Xin Yi was established because of his mother's nobility, and Ni Duan, who had already practiced concubineship at the end of the Shang Dynasty, was evident in the books. However, Wang Shi thought that "I am afraid that it is made by the Zhou Dynasty, and I do not dare to believe it as a fact." "Ran kao Zhou Tai Wang (Zhou Gong Qi's father), Wang Ji (Ji Li), King Wen (Xi Bochang), Wu Wang Fa, and even King Cheng were established, and they were all established because of their mother's nobility.
King Cheng because of Yi Jiang, King Wu because of Tai Ji, King Wen because of Tai Yao, Ji Li because of Da Jiang, all because of the mother's nobility, the system of concubines at the end of the Shang Dynasty can be traced back to the Zhou State. Wang Guowei believes that "the system of passing on the son and the system of concubines are born." "My point is the opposite.
Zhe believes that the system of concubines is born, and there is a change in the law of passing on the son. The essence of the so-called "lizi is not long, and li concubine is long and not virtuous", the premise is that the mother is noble and the child is established, and then it is "li concubine to grow long and not to be virtuous".
A passage from Ziyu in "Zuo Chuan Dinggong Four Years" is very telling. At the meeting of the Summoning League, when the order of the Alliance was scheduled, it was planned to put Cai Hou in front of Wei Hou. The reason is that Uncle Cai is older than Uncle Kang, the ancestor of Wei. The representative of the Weiguo State, Tai Zhuziyu, objected, believing that this was not in line with the inherent tradition of the previous king that "Shangde is not yet young".
After giving an example of the special preferential treatment received when the three kingdoms of Lu, Wei, and Jin were divided, he said a very important passage: "All three are uncles, and there is Lingde, so it is shown that they are divided." Otherwise, Wen Wucheng Kang's Uncle Juduo, and not getting it is a point, but not still nian also. "Brother, there is no doubt. However, few scholars in ancient and modern times can accurately understand the meaning of this passage.
Zhe thought that the "three uncles" here were all the mother and brother of the king. "Wenwu Chengkang's Bo Yuduo" means that among the sons of the four kings of Wenwu Chengkang, there are many who are older than the third uncle (according to the brothers of Zhou Gongdan, Kang Shufeng, and Tang Shuyu). Zhou Gongdan's brothers were Guan Shu (see Shi ji guan cai shijia) and Zhao Boyi (see Junyi); Uncle Kang was the younger son of King Wen, and his elder brother was more. Wu Zhimu has "Han Jin Ying Han", Tang Shuyu is the mother brother of King Cheng, then Qiu Bodang is the son of King Wu, that is, the brother of King Cheng and Tang Shuyu.
In the "Yi zhou Shu Wang Hui Xie", Ying Hou and Cao Shu are lined up with princes with different surnames, and it can be seen that Ying Hou and Cao Shu are not the mother and brother of wang. Han wei Jin was destroyed, and the non-Tang uncle and brother were also Ming. Ziyu also said that although Cao was "Wen Zhi Zhaoye", his title was only Bodian. In the "Duyi Xie", the King of Wu hu Zhou Gong "Dan, Ru Wei Shuo Da brother", it can be seen that Guan Cai is not the mother brother of the King of Wu.
The claim that King Wu had eight mothers and brothers is probably a misrepresentation by Ziyu, or a misunderstanding by posterity of Fuchen's listing of Wen's Zhaowu Zhimu in the "Twenty-Four Of the Left Transmission". Moreover, what Fuchen said was not arranged in the order of the so-called "Ten Sons of Tai Ji" in later generations, but more like it was described according to the difference between mothers and mothers. For example, "Guan Cai Chenghuo" is the half-brother, and "Lu Wei Mao" is the half-brother.
King Wen was a match made in heaven
Lu and Wei are the mother and brother of King Wu of Zhou, needless to say, and what is written in the biography is very clear. "Son of the Great Concubine, only Uncle Kang of Zhou was Xiang Muye" (Zuo Chuan Ding Gong 6th year). During the Qianlong period, it was found in the historical materials, and the physical inscription of the "Ban Gui" that was rediscovered in modern times was engraved with the words "Emperor Mao was blessed by Emperor Jingzong, King Yuwen and Wang Ji Shengsun", so that the historical fact that Mao was the son of King Tai ji of Wen was a descendant of King Tai ji was shown to all the worlds.
However, Sima Qian's "Records of History" states that among the ten sons of King Wen Taiji, there was no Mao uncle Zheng, only Ran Jizai. In the words of Ziyu in the "Zuo Zhuan", it is worth playing, he said: "The mother and brother of the King of Wu are eight, the Duke of Zhou is the Great Zai, Uncle Kang is the Si Kou, Nie Ji is the Sikong, the fifth uncle has no official, and he is still young." Whether the word "eight people" mentioned by Ziyu adds notes to future generations is worth pondering.
In the Shang Shu JinTeng, Zhou Gong asked to "take the body of Wang Fa in the Dan Dynasty", and Shi Ce zhu said: "But Eryuan Sun Wang Fa is industrious and obstructs diseases." "It is to know that "Wang Fa" is the eldest grandson, and is the eldest son of Tai Ji. Poetry. Si Qi has "Great Concubine Emblem Yin, Ze Bai Si Male." Or the ancient text "Bai (Bo)" is mistaken for a hundred, but it is actually a mistake of "Then Perth Man". Zhou Jiang, Princess Yuan of Wen; The Great Concubine, King Wen's successor concubine also. Da Ji was also the charm of Zhou Jiang and the sage of Da Fei, so his eldest son was made a concubine by King Wen, and the poem "Ze Bo Si Nan" is also.
It can be seen that there are only four people who can confirm the consort of King Wen Taiji, Wu Wangfa, Zhou Gongdan, Kang Shufeng, Mao Shu Zheng (Ran Ji, also known as Ji Ji Zai), and Bo Yi Kaofei Tai Jizi. Ziyu's sentence "Eight people of the mother and brother of the King of Wu" also makes sense to go to his "eight people". If it is not wrong to say itself, it may add ears to future generations.
Zhou Gong, Uncle Kang, and Nie Ji were the half-brothers of King Wu, and Nie Ji and Uncle Mao Zheng were one and two ears. The fifth uncle of "Guan Cai Cheng Huo Cao" had no official, because "Guan Uncle and Uncle Cai" were in the royal family, and once they were killed, they were released. Uncle Huo, on the other hand, rebelled and was demoted to a common man, and was disdainful for three years. "Guan Cai Chenghuo" or the son of Zhou Jiang, the wife of King Wen. Although she was a second concubine, she was made empress.
When King Wen married Tai Ji, he was already not young, according to Zhe, he was about 38 years old, and before that, he had already married and had children. Da Ji was not the yuan match of King Wen, but was the successor concubine of King Wen. The person who is manifested in the "Si Qi" chapter refers to the fact that the great concubine has both virtue and appearance, although he is a step-concubine, he lives in the palace, he respects the priests, respects the gods, cherishes his children, acts according to rules, teaches his children to be generous, and has the virtue of a concubine. Therefore, his eldest son was made a concubine by King Wen, and he himself was also a concubine. See Mao Tianzhe: "King Wen's wife Concubine Da ji said that Shi Zheng "Yiwen".
Poetry Sutra Daya Siqi
The Si Qi chapter has "Punishment for widows, but brothers for the royal family." The Pre-Confucian Commentary explains that King Wen led by example, and his virtue was imitated by his widow. Ran Zhe thought that the "Si Qi" was all beautiful and beautiful, not King Guan Wen. This refers to Tai Ji leading by example, and it makes sense that Yi De was emulated by King Wen Yuanpi.
In the first Zhou Dynasty, there was no Yuan match that is, a concubine, and there were many examples of yuan matches (wives) who were married earlier, such as Tai Jiang, Tai Ji, and Yi Jiang, all of whom were queens. Tairen is unknown, but the historical records never say that Eryu was the son of Tairen. King Zhou had three sons, Taibo, Zhongyong, and Ji Li. Taibo was the son of Zhou Gu's father. (See Shangbo Jian 'Wu Ming': "Jing is not the Tao, it is said to be Yu Yue: Ru, the evil son of Zhou.") ") The son of sin, that is, the son of the outgoing. The book of poetry says, "The emperor is against the state, from the great uncle to the king of the season." ”
Most of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties and later texts believe that "Yu Zhong and Uncle Yu" were the two younger brothers of King Wen, but whether they were different from their mother and brother or were obscure. Some people believe that Yu Zhong and Uncle Yu are the first feudal kings of Xi And Dong, respectively, others believe that Uncle Yu and Yu Zhong are the first feudal kings of Xi and Dong, respectively, and others believe that xi and dong are both the first feudal kings of xi and dong.
For example, in the "Zuo Chuan" (左傳), the fifth year of the Duke of Wuyun: "Yu Zhong, Uncle Yu, Mu Ye of Wang Jizhi, was a secretary of the Wen Dynasty, xun was in the royal family, hidden in the league." Du pre-noted: "Yu Zhong, Uncle Yu, son of Wang Ji, mother and brother of King Wen." Zhong, Shu are both 虢君字. Kong Yingda's "Shu" quotes Jia Kui: "Yu Zhongfeng Dongyu, the system is also." Uncle Yu sealed Xi Yu, and Gong Yu was also. Ma Rongyue: "Uncle Yu, half-brother; Yu Zhong, half-brother. ”
And "Chinese • Jin Yu IV" Yun: "King Wen Jingyou Eryu ... And its immediate position also, consult the eight yu, and consult the two. Wei Zhao's note: "Good brothers are friends." Eryu (二虢), King Wen's younger brother Yu Zhong (虢仲) and Uncle Yu (虢叔也). “
Therefore, Zhe believed that there was a problem with the ancestors of the Confucians, Xie Eryu, as the son of Wang Ji. The Zhaomu of the Western Zhou Dynasty is actually the difference between the three generations of father, son and grandson. Uncle Da, Yu Zhong, Great King Zhaoye. This is no problem, as we all know, Uncle Da, Yu Zhong, and Wang Ji are all sons of King Zhou. Yu Zhong, Uncle Yu, and Mu Ye of Wang Ji. Eryu may be the grandson of Wang Ji, but not the son of Wang Ji. If he is the son of Wang Ji, he should be written as Wang Ji's Zhao.
Shōmu system
Zhaomu was an important concept in the Western Zhou patriarchal system, but there was still a misunderstanding among later generations. The princes of the Zhou Dynasty divided the men of the same clan below the ancestors into two generations of "Zhaomu" generation by generation, which is the difference between the Patriarchal Law of the Zhou Dynasty and the Genealogy of the Later Dynasties.
As Zuo ChuanFuchen said: Lu Wei Mao, Wen Zhi Zhaoye; Han Jin Ying Han, Wu Zhi Mu Ye; Fan Jiang Xing Mao Sacrifice, Zhou Gong Zhi Yin Ye; Most people understand Wu Zhimu and think that it refers to the son of King Wu; Duke Zhiyin of Zhou was the son of Duke Zhou, which in turn derived from the saying that Duke Zhou had eight sons. These assertions are not correct.
The Han people have a saying that "the six sons of the Duke of Zhou all have thatched soil", which first came from the time of Wang Mang (see the biography of Wang Mang in the Book of Han). Coupled with Fenglu's uncle and Junchen (Zhou Pinggong), who succeeded Zhou as a secretary of the Zhou royal family, there were eight sons of the Duke of Zhou. In the nineteenth year of The Reign of King Ran, after the death of Jun Chen, he was succeeded by Bi Gonggao, not other sons of the Zhou Gong family, which is also suspicious.
Try to take King Tai of Zhou (Gu Gongfu) as the ancestor, and his next generation is Uncle Da, Yu Zhong, and Wang Ji, which is the Zhao Generation; Since Wang Ji belongs to the Zhao Generation, then Wang Ji's next generation of King Wen is Mu Ji. Later generations followed suit, and the next generation of King Wen was King Wu and Zhao; The next generation of King Wu was King Cheng, and he was also mu. It can be seen that the nobles of the Zhou Dynasty used "Zhaomu" to distinguish between father and son. This distinction between Zhao and Mu is also reflected in the zongmiao, tombs and sacrifices, with the ancestors in the center, the position of Zhao on the left, and the position of Mu on the right.
Some scholars of the past generations have not understood the Western Zhou Zhaomu system too accurately, such as the scholars Du Xuan and Wei Zhao, who are no exception, let alone others. Due to the misinterpretation of Du Xuan and Wei Zhao, it led to the confused cognition of posterity. But there are also scholars who can accurately understand, such as Zheng Xuan. Zhou Li. Chun Guan. Xiao Zongbo: "The office of Xiao Zongbo, the god who holds the founding of the country, the right sheji, the left zongmiao... Discern the temple of Zhaomu. Zheng Xuan's note: "Since the first ancestor, the father is known as Zhao, and the son is known as Mu." Zhe thought that Zheng Xuan was right.
The most crucial point of the Zhaomu system is who is the ancestor, and knowing this, we can understand the "Five Years of zuo chuan and gonggong" that says "Great Uncle Yu Zhong, Great King's Zhaoye", "Uncle Yu Zhong, Wang Ji's Mu Ye". However, it is said that Uncle Da and Yu Zhong are the next generation of the Great King, and Yu Zhong and Uncle Yu are the next two generations of Wang Ji. Scholars since the Qin and Han dynasties have misunderstood Yu Zhong and Yu Shu as the younger brothers of King Wen, which is a failure to correctly understand the essence of the Western Zhou "Zhaomu" system. Yu Zhong and Uncle Yu were supposed to be Wang Ji's grandsons and King Wen's nephews.
There is no doubt that King Wen of Zhou had a brother who was enfeoffed in Gyeonggi. ShuJunyi Yun: "Only King Shang Kexiu and I have Xia; There are only Uncle Ruo, there is Ruo Hong, there is Ruo Hong, there is Ruo Shan Yi Sheng, there is Ruo Tai Qian, and there is Ruo Nan Gong Kuo. And "Han Shi Wai Biography" Yun: "King Wu learned from Taigong, Zhou Gong learned from Uncle Yu, and Zhongni learned from Lao. "Uncle Yu", who is called from the perspective of Zhou Gongdan, is the brother of King Wen of Zhou.
"Chinese Jin Yu IV": "King Wen... Filial piety er yu, and Hui Ci er Cai. "Three Kingdoms Wei Zhao's note: "Three Junyun: 'Er Cai, Prince Wen, Guan Shu Chu is also Cai'" Ancient and modern scholars are puzzled about why Guan Shu is "Chu is also Cai", in fact, if you understand that before the First Zhou Dynasty, the princes and princes divided the princes and princes to seal their sons caiyi, and they could be explained.
Guan Cai( Guan Cai), not the mother and brother of King Wu of Zhou, was the son of King Wen's concubine Zhou Jiang. In the time of King Wen, the two brothers were divided into Cai Yi (蔡邑, in modern Mei County, Shaanxi), and because the food was in Cai, they were called Cai (蔡伯) or Cai Zhong (蔡伯) and Cai Zhong (蔡伯) and Cai Zhong (蔡仲). Eryu was similar, and his father, Uncle Yu, was the younger brother of King Wen's mother, and his family was enfeoffed in the capital of Qidu Guoyi (Fengqi of the Zhou Gong family, and Uncle Mao's Zheng family was sealed in Tai), and was named "Gonghou Gancheng". "Warring States Policy" notes: "Guo and Yu belong to the same Fufeng". "YunFu": "虢 or 曰郭声之轉也." Zhe thought that "Guo and Yu" were two names in one place, near Gu ChenCang.
The family of Emperor Wen's mother's brother Yu Shu was similar to the royal family lineage such as Zhou Zhao Maobi, all of whom were the eldest son Beizu was enfeoffed and established another clan, the second son inherited the title of Dazu, and the rest of the sons were all called Dazu before they were divided into Pai clans. For example, Bi Gonggao's eldest son Kai Bo was also enfeoffed to the Kai Kingdom, and the second son Bi Zhong inherited the Bi clan. Such as the Zhou Gong family, Bo Poultry Fenglu, to the country as the clan. The second son, Jun Chen, succeeded Zhou as duke of Zhou Ping, and the rest were called Zhou Gongzi before they were sealed. Another example is Mao Uncle Zheng (名爯), whose fiefdom is in ancient Chencang. King Wen's youngest son, so he was called Ji Ji or Ji Ji. The texts are mistakenly derived as Ran Jizai), because they lived in Cheng Yi Nangong with Tai Ji, and the Clan also called the Ran Ji family the Nangong family. Four years after King Wu destroyed the Shang Dynasty, he was enfeoffed as Zheng Bo (郑伯) and was enfeoffed at Taicheng (邰城). Taicheng is also known as Taicheng,000 (Mao) Shu Zheng. King Cheng of Zhou was enfeoffed with the world, and Rui Bo, the son of Uncle Zheng's father, was enfeoffed in Fengyang and became a member of the Rui clan. The second son, Zhongxu's father, was enfeoffed with The Great Ancestor and succeeded the Great Ancestor, that is, the Duke of Guming. The youngest son, Nanji Shouzao, was enfeoffed in Jingyi (程邑), and continued to be known as the Nangong clan.
Schematic diagram of the tomb of Uncle Mao Zheng Caiyi
The Fenfeng Pai clan of King Wen's mother's brother Yu Shu was slightly different from other Royal Families. His son Uncle Zhongyu (虢仲虢) was stationed in the East and West Eryu respectively, but did not change the clan, which may have had the earlier solidification of the title factor by the clan. Guan Cai, on the other hand, is also a brother (Er Cai), called Cai Bo Cai Zhong. In the year of King Keshang of Zhou Wu, he ordered the second Cai to lead the troops to be stationed in the place of administration, Cai Di. Yi Zhou Shu Wen Zheng: "There are only ten three ancestors, and the king is in charge." Guan Cai Kaizong followed the king. Kong Chao's note: "The second uncle opened his clan, followed the government of Ho Kyo, and followed the words and conformed to the government." To put it simply, the two Cai have their own portals and their own clan names. Cai Bo is the long, And Bei shi is the pipe, called the pipe bo. That is, what later generations called Uncle Guan. Cai Zhong inherited the original clan title, called Cai Bo, Cai Uncle. This is the earliest example of the division of the clan in the canonical records.
According to Li Tai of the Tang Dynasty, "Including Place Names", "The ancient city of Yucheng is forty miles east of Chencang County in Qizhou, and more than forty miles to the west, and there is a city, also known as Yucheng." The "Chronicle of Youdi" explains: "This 虢, sealed by Emperor Wen's mother's brother Uncle Yu, is a Western Yu." Some scholars believe that the two cities of Yongzhou are the fiefs of Uncle Yu Zhong, one in the west and one in the east, and it can be said that The first feudal lords of the east and the west are respectively.
This statement is not very correct, the two cities of Yongzhou are the result of the increase or migration of the Fief caiyi of the Yu clan after the territorial expansion of the Zhou people, and in essence, it is still the fiefdom of the Yu family, that is, the so-called Xi Yu in the literature. As for whether it is Uncle Yu's two sons, Uncle Yu Zhongyu,each occupying one yi is another story.
The Caiyi feudal states that Yu Zhong and Uncle Yu were enfeoffed, close to the periphery of Chengzhou and Zongzhou, were very important military strategic fortresses. Located in the southeast of present-day Baoji City, Xiyu was the western gate of the Zhou people's homeland. The famous Sanguan and Chencang Ancient Cities are close to it, and the significance of Gongwei Qi Zhou (Qiyi) and Zong Zhou (Jingtai) is self-evident.
Azimuth map of the East and West
Xi Yu's first feudal prince was Yu Zhong (虢仲), the second son of Emperor Wen's maternal brother Yu Shu (虢叔), who was sent by name. Also known as Shubo. After The Dispatcher, there is another clan called the Dispatch Clan, and the Gai is based on the wang father character as the clan. Dongyu was located in the area of present-day Fengshui Town, Xingyang City, Henan Province, with very dangerous terrain, and was the eastern gate of Chengzhou during the Western Zhou Dynasty, and one of the eight passes around the Eastern Capital Luoyi. Dong Yu shi fengjun was Yu Zhong's younger brother Yu Zhong.
Kong Yingda's "Shu" quotes Jia Kui as believing that Dong Yu was first enfeoffed as Yu Zhong, which is also wrong. The "Left Biography" is hidden in the year of the Common Era: "System, Yan Yiye, Uncle Yu died." "Chinese Zheng Yu" Yun: "Uncle Yu is bullying". It shows that the first feudal prince of Dong yu was Yu Zhong's younger brother Uncle Yu. The system to which Dong Yu belongs, a Chenggao, also known as Tiger Prison.
During the reign of King Wen of Zhou, the forces of the Zhou people had not yet controlled the area around present-day Luoyang, Xingyang, and Zhengzhou. Therefore, it was impossible for King Wen's mother's brother Yu Shu to seal Dong Yu (so Kong Yingda Jia Kui and others misinterpreted it as Yu Zhongfeng Dong Yu); During the reign of King Wu of Zhou, King Wen's mother's younger brother Uncle Yu had died. Xingyang's Eastern Yue (東虢) could only be a descendant of Emperor Wen's maternal brother Uncle Yu, that is, Yu Zhong's younger brother Yu Uncle (this kind of father-son homonymous title was common at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, such as Uncle Kang was sealed in Yin Ruins, called Kang Bo, and its six generations of Wei Jun were called Kang Bo), and the rank belonged to the kingdom of sons and sons.
In fact, there is no error in the "Zuo Zhuan" and "Chinese" records of "Yu Zhong, Yu Uncle", which should be the wrong understanding of the text by later generations, which caused later generations to think that "Yu Zhong, Yu Uncle" is the wrong statement of Wen Wangdi. However, this statement is still a fallacy, and almost all historical texts have never seen any objections, and Zhe now wants to overturn the case in order to correct the mistakes of the millennium fallacy.
The confusion between King Wen's maternal brother "Uncle Yu" and the "Yu Zhong, Uncle Yu" in the classics is similar to the confusion between King Wen's younger son, King Wu's maternal brother "Mao Uncle Zheng (Ran Jizai)" and the Mao clan's first feudal prince "Gu Ming Mao Gong (Zhongxu Father, Mao Bo Kui)". Many people today also can't understand it, and mistakenly wrote Uncle Mao Zheng as Mao Bo Zheng, but they didn't know that King Wen's son, King Wu's mother and brothers, were all called uncles, not uncles.
Map of the Eastern Kingdom
The first emperor of the Western Kingdom, Yu Zhong, was sent by the Duke of Yucheng in Bangui. Xiyu is also known in the Jin text as Dian Yu, Cheng Yu or Zheng Yu, and Zheng, Cheng, and Dian are interchangeable. Volumes 17 to 18 of the Three Dynasties of Ji Jin Wencun contain 3 pieces of Dian Yu Zhonggui, with the same inscription. Its inscription reads: Only in the tenth and first month of the tenth month was born Ba Gengjiao, Dian (Zheng) Yuzhong (Zhong) Zha (Zuo) Baogui, and the descendants of Yongbao. The inscription in the city is: "Chengyu (Zhong) Zha (作) 簋". Chengyu Dispatch Life Inscription: "Chengyu Dispatch Sheng cha (Zuo) Brigade Gui, its ten thousand years of descendants Yongbao use."
Xiyu is called "Dian Yu" or "Chengyu" in jin wen, because the territory of Xiyu was founded in Gyeonggi, and the name "Zheng" or "Dian" was added to the name of the Gyeonggi Kingdom in order to distinguish it from the "Dongyu" sealed in xingyang, the eastern capital. Similarly, there is the Yawang Inscription: "Yawang as The Founding Of Jiang Dian Yi"; The "Dian" of the DianJing clan vessels; Dian Mu Ma (Dian Mu Ma) Received As a Gui", all of which are to distinguish them from the same surname (clan) family Caiyi and Bangguo that are sealed outside Gyeonggi.
Meng Guiming: "Meng Yue: Shuo Wen Kao 〓(眔) Mao Gong sent Zhongzheng Wu (needed). Mao Gongyi (赐) Shuowen Kaochen (朕文考臣), from the "厥) worker. To Yang Shuo Kao Yi (Give) Hugh, use Ning Zhu Zi Yi, Zha (Zuo) "(厥) descendants and grandchildren of his eternal treasure". The inscription records that Meng's father followed Mao Gong and Dispatch Zhong to conquer Dongyi and died, and Meng Dai's deceased father received a reward from Mao Gong, so he cast the vessel as a memorial.
It can be seen that Mao Gong and Qizhong both participated in the war against the Dongyi rebellion when he became king. It is worth mentioning that the dispatch of Zhongzhong in Meng Guiming is not necessarily the Gongjun of Yucheng, but should be the grandson of Yu Zhong. His other sons were given the title of Dispatch Clan (with the title of Wang Father as their clan), and the heirs were given the title of Dispatcher, and there was no need to follow Mao Gongfa. Although Yu Zhong handed over the command of the Zhou Wangshi to Mao Yigong due to his high age, the heirs of Yu Zhong's uncle also participated in the Battle of Dongyi.
Yu Zhong (虢仲) and Uncle Yu (虢叔) were the nephews of Prince Wen, the secretaries of the royal family, and the powerful ministers of the Zhou Dynasty. Later generations of Emperor Yu also served as a royal master (secretary) or a master of the important positions of the division, often commanding the sixth division to conquer the north and south. At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, the Yu clan was responsible for commanding the Rui Division and defending the royal family. During the suppression of the rebellion of King Cheng of Zhou and the Battle of Dongyi, this responsibility was gradually transferred to the hands of King Wu's mother and brother, The Uncle of King Cheng, and Uncle Mao of the Zheng Family. In particular, mao Boshuo (Zhongxu's father, Gu Ming Mao Gong) died in succession such as Zhou Gongdan and Junchen (Zhou Pinggong), and when Yu Zhong, Bi Gonggao, Zhao Boyi and other elderly people were unable to go on the expedition, he independently undertook the heavy responsibility of the Jingdong Kingdom for three years, laying a stable situation of forty years without punishment at the time of Cheng Kang, laying a solid foundation for the eight hundred years of the Zhou royal family, and the merits were so high that no one among King Wen's grandchildren could hope to carry out his honor.
After the fall of King You of Zhou, King Ping of Zhou abandoned the fertile land of Guanzhong that his ancestors had painstakingly laid and moved east to accompany the capital Luoyi. After Xi Yu followed King Ping of Zhou to move east, the state was founded in Sanmenxia on the south bank of the Yellow River, known in history as Nan Yu. Some noble towns that did not want to move east were left to guard the same place, known in history as Xiao Yu.
Also moving east with king Ping of Zhou was Zheng Guo, who destroyed and occupied his land on the pretext that Dong Yu did not send troops to serve the king and sit and watch The Dog Rong attack and break through the pickaxe capital! Hearing of this, king Ping of Zhou had no choice but to arrange the remnants of the Eastern Remnants to today's Pinglu County, opposite the Southern Yu in the Sanmenxia area on the south bank of the Yellow River, and the history was called The Northern Yu. This is the origin of the five kingdoms in history.
In summary, it can be seen that the "Duke of Yucheng" in the Bangui inscription, that is, the second son of King Wen's mother's brother "Uncle Yu", "Yu Zhongshu", is also the first feudal prince of the Western Yu Kingdom, and was the commander of the Zhou Dynasty during the Wenwu and Chengwang periods of the early Zhou Dynasty. The so-called "虢仲,虢叔" (虢叔) in traditional literature is erroneous in the statement that "虢仲" is Wang Ji's grandson and nephew of King Wen, who ate at Gyeonggi (虢邑) by Feng Dazu (文王同母弟 "Uncle Yu"), historically known as Xi Yu (西虢), and Jin Wenli called Zheng Yu (Dian Yu, Cheng yu). The ancestor of the Guo surname is The younger brother of King Wen, Uncle Yu, and the uncle of Yu Zhongyu in the literature is the two sons of Uncle Yu. Mr. Guo Moruo regarded Uncle Yu Zhongyu as the younger brother of King Wen's mother, and honored him as the ancestor of the Guo surname, which was actually an undercounted generation of ancestors.
Mao's son Tianzhe wrote in Jinhua, Zhejiang
Drafted on January 9, 2020