業界聲音｜張躍：工廠化建築的制造方法應考慮由管理制造業的有關部門負責

張躍

遠大科技集團有限公司董事長兼總裁

ZHANG Yue

Chairman & CEO, BROAD GROUP

問：企業走在科技創新的前沿。如何建立鼓勵創新、包容失敗的企業文化和社會環境？

答：有創新必會遇到阻礙。政府應在政策法規上為科技創新做出實際改變，而不應總是用“依法依規”老一套思維。例如在建築創新上，應改變用管包工頭和農民工的辦法來管工廠化建築。

具體來說，很多傳統建築的施工機關是臨時搭建的班子，勞工多是臨時工，是以建任何一棟樓都很難自發、有序、精确地進行品質管理。是以，需要對建築的建造過程進行非常嚴密的品質跟蹤管理，由第三方或者政府主管部門來監管，這就是管包工頭和農民工的做法。用這種管理方式管包工頭和農民工是好的，因為包工頭和農民工是一個臨時組織，責任心和經驗都欠缺。可是這種方式并不适應工廠化建築，因為工廠化建築有一套成熟的研發體系和品質管理體系，管理團隊穩定，公司也有品牌，會自覺地達到管理自己産品品質的條件。可以看出，現在工廠化建築的制造方法跟造汽車的方法是一模一樣的，是以也應該考慮由管理制造業的有關部門負責，用管造汽車的方法來管理。

問：根據國際權威機構的預測，到21世紀60年代，即2060年，全球新能源的比例将會發展到占世界能源構成的50%以上，成為人類社會未來能源的基石。在這個過程中，你預測在可再生能源領域還會發生哪些技術突破？

答：如果到2060年，全球新能源在整體能源中的占比僅有50%，地球可能已經不宜人類居住了！我們希望看到的是，到2030年-2040年風能就将占全球能源總量50%，到2050年風能占70%，太陽能占20%，其他10%為生物質能源。隻有這樣，氣候才會穩定，人類才會延續。

Q: Enterprises are at the forefront of scientific and technological innovation. How do we build corporate cultures and social environments that will encourage innovation and tolerate failure?

A: Obstacles are part and parcel of innovation. The government should make practical changes to policies and regulations related to scientific and technological innovation, instead of going by the book all the time. Take construction innovation for example; when regulating factory-made buildings, the method of managing general contractors and migrant workers should be changed.

Many conventional construction units are makeshift teams. As most of the workers are temporary workers, conducting quality control in an orderly and precise manner when constructing any building is very challenging. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out very strict quality tracking and management of the construction process, which is supervised by a third party or government authorities. This is the way contractors and migrant workers are managed, and it works because they are a temporary organization and lack a sense of responsibility and experience. However, it won’t work when it comes to a factory-made building, which has sophisticated R&D and quality management systems, as well as a stable management team. The company also has its own brand. Hence, it will consciously meet the requirements for managing its own product quality. We note that the current method of manufacturing factory-made buildings is identical to the manufacturing of automobiles. Therefore, both should be regulated in the same way. In other words, regulating factory-made buildings by an authority familiar with the manufacturing industry should be considered.

Q: Authoritative international institutions have predicted that by 2060, new-energy sources will account for more than 50% of the global energy mix, and become the cornerstone of future energy. In the process, what technological breakthroughs do you expect will occur in the renewable energy sector?

A: If 50% is all that new energy can muster by 2060, the Earth may well be uninhabitable! We hope to see wind energy account for 50% of the global energy mix between 2030 and 2040. By 2050, wind energy is forecast to account for 70%, solar 20%, and biomass, the remaining 10%. Only then can the climate be stabilized and the human race survive.