什麼是Android Linker
Android 的加載/連結器linker 主要用于實作共享庫的加載與連結。
從 System.loadLibrary 追溯
jni 開發的 so load
平時我們進行JNI開發 要連結我們的so庫隻需要執行
System.loadLibrary
函數即可
static {
try {
CLogUtils.e("開始加載 Test so檔案 ");
System.loadLibrary("Test");
init();
} catch (Throwable e) {
CLogUtils.e("加載So出現異常 " + e.toString());
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
或許你沒有想過 為什麼這樣就可以将so加載進來了。
我們繼續跟進代碼
本次采用SDK28的代碼 也就是安卓9.0的代碼分析
System.loadLibrary("Test");
->
Runtime loadLibrary0
loadLibrary0方法跟進
...
String filename = System.mapLibraryName(libraryName);
List<String> candidates = new ArrayList<String>();
String lastError = null;
for (String directory : getLibPaths()) {
String candidate = directory + filename;
candidates.add(candidate);
if (IoUtils.canOpenReadOnly(candidate)) {
String error = nativeLoad(candidate, loader);
if (error == null) {
return; // We successfully loaded the library. Job done.
}
lastError = error;
}
}
...
走到了 nativeLoad 方法
nativeLoad
private static native String nativeLoad(String filename, ClassLoader loader);
顯然是一個Native方法
我們要找到他對應的cpp代碼。通過查找資料得知他的檔案路徑在
libcore/ojluni/src/main/native/Runtime.c
打開源碼閱讀網站分析:
runtime.c
核心的代碼部分
JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL
Runtime_nativeLoad(JNIEnv* env, jclass ignored, jstring javaFilename,
jobject javaLoader)
{
return JVM_NativeLoad(env, javaFilename, javaLoader);
}
轉到了
JVM_NativeLoad(env, javaFilename, javaLoader);
方法中
JVM_NativeLoad
這個方法在
libcore/ojluni/src/main/native/jvm.h
中
jvm.h
方法申明
JNIEXPORT jstring JVM_NativeLoad(JNIEnv* env, jstring javaFilename,
jobject javaLoader);
具體的方法實作要看誰實作這個方法申明
art/openjdkjvm/OpenjdkJvm.cc
art/openjdkjvm/OpenjdkJvm.cc
JNIEXPORT jstring JVM_NativeLoad(JNIEnv* env,
jstring javaFilename,
jobject javaLoader) {
ScopedUtfChars filename(env, javaFilename);
if (filename.c_str() == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
std::string error_msg;
{
art::JavaVMExt* vm = art::Runtime::Current()->GetJavaVM();
bool success = vm->LoadNativeLibrary(env,
filename.c_str(),
javaLoader,
&error_msg);
if (success) {
return nullptr;
}
}
// Don't let a pending exception from JNI_OnLoad cause a CheckJNI issue with NewStringUTF.
env->ExceptionClear();
return env->NewStringUTF(error_msg.c_str());
}
轉到了
LoadNativeLibrary(env, filename.c_str(),javaLoader,&error_msg);
方法裡面
這個方法來自
JavaVMExt
LoadNativeLibrary
源碼檔案路徑 art/runtime/java_vm_ext.cc
這個方法很長 我們具體來分析 根據注釋來看
bool JavaVMExt::LoadNativeLibrary(JNIEnv* env,
const std::string& path,
jobject class_loader,
std::string* error_msg) {
error_msg->clear();
// See if we've already loaded this library. If we have, and the class loader
// matches, return successfully without doing anything.
// TODO: for better results we should canonicalize the pathname (or even compare
// inodes). This implementation is fine if everybody is using System.loadLibrary.
SharedLibrary* library;
Thread* self = Thread::Current();
{
// TODO: move the locking (and more of this logic) into Libraries.
MutexLock mu(self, *Locks::jni_libraries_lock_);
library = libraries_->Get(path);
}
// Open the shared library. Because we're using a full path, the system
// doesn't have to search through LD_LIBRARY_PATH. (It may do so to
// resolve this library's dependencies though.)
// Failures here are expected when java.library.path has several entries
// and we have to hunt for the lib.
// Below we dlopen but there is no paired dlclose, this would be necessary if we supported
// class unloading. Libraries will only be unloaded when the reference count (incremented by
// dlopen) becomes zero from dlclose.
// Retrieve the library path from the classloader, if necessary.
ScopedLocalRef<jstring> library_path(env, GetLibrarySearchPath(env, class_loader));
Locks::mutator_lock_->AssertNotHeld(self);
const char* path_str = path.empty() ? nullptr : path.c_str();
bool needs_native_bridge = false;
void* handle = android::OpenNativeLibrary(env,
runtime_->GetTargetSdkVersion(),
path_str,
class_loader,
library_path.get(),
&needs_native_bridge,
error_msg);
VLOG(jni) << "[Call to dlopen(\"" << path << "\", RTLD_NOW) returned " << handle << "]";
if (handle == nullptr) {
VLOG(jni) << "dlopen(\"" << path << "\", RTLD_NOW) failed: " << *error_msg;
return false;
}
if (env->ExceptionCheck() == JNI_TRUE) {
LOG(ERROR) << "Unexpected exception:";
env->ExceptionDescribe();
env->ExceptionClear();
}
// Create a new entry.
// TODO: move the locking (and more of this logic) into Libraries.
bool created_library = false;
{
// Create SharedLibrary ahead of taking the libraries lock to maintain lock ordering.
std::unique_ptr<SharedLibrary> new_library(
new SharedLibrary(env,
self,
path,
handle,
needs_native_bridge,
class_loader,
class_loader_allocator));
MutexLock mu(self, *Locks::jni_libraries_lock_);
library = libraries_->Get(path);
if (library == nullptr) { // We won race to get libraries_lock.
library = new_library.release();
libraries_->Put(path, library);
created_library = true;
}
}
if (!created_library) {
LOG(INFO) << "WOW: we lost a race to add shared library: "
<< "\"" << path << "\" ClassLoader=" << class_loader;
return library->CheckOnLoadResult();
}
VLOG(jni) << "[Added shared library \"" << path << "\" for ClassLoader " << class_loader << "]";
bool was_successful = false;
void* sym = library->FindSymbol("JNI_OnLoad", nullptr);
if (sym == nullptr) {
VLOG(jni) << "[No JNI_OnLoad found in \"" << path << "\"]";
was_successful = true;
} else {
// Call JNI_OnLoad. We have to override the current class
// loader, which will always be "null" since the stuff at the
// top of the stack is around Runtime.loadLibrary(). (See
// the comments in the JNI FindClass function.)
ScopedLocalRef<jobject> old_class_loader(env, env->NewLocalRef(self->GetClassLoaderOverride()));
self->SetClassLoaderOverride(class_loader);
VLOG(jni) << "[Calling JNI_OnLoad in \"" << path << "\"]";
typedef int (*JNI_OnLoadFn)(JavaVM*, void*);
JNI_OnLoadFn jni_on_load = reinterpret_cast<JNI_OnLoadFn>(sym);
int version = (*jni_on_load)(this, nullptr);
if (runtime_->GetTargetSdkVersion() != 0 && runtime_->GetTargetSdkVersion() <= 21) {
// Make sure that sigchain owns SIGSEGV.
EnsureFrontOfChain(SIGSEGV);
}
self->SetClassLoaderOverride(old_class_loader.get());
if (version == JNI_ERR) {
StringAppendF(error_msg, "JNI_ERR returned from JNI_OnLoad in \"%s\"", path.c_str());
} else if (JavaVMExt::IsBadJniVersion(version)) {
StringAppendF(error_msg, "Bad JNI version returned from JNI_OnLoad in \"%s\": %d",
path.c_str(), version);
// It's unwise to call dlclose() here, but we can mark it
// as bad and ensure that future load attempts will fail.
// We don't know how far JNI_OnLoad got, so there could
// be some partially-initialized stuff accessible through
// newly-registered native method calls. We could try to
// unregister them, but that doesn't seem worthwhile.
} else {
was_successful = true;
}
VLOG(jni) << "[Returned " << (was_successful ? "successfully" : "failure")
<< " from JNI_OnLoad in \"" << path << "\"]";
}
library->SetResult(was_successful);
return was_successful;
}
整個流程分為判斷 是否已經加載-> 尋找-> 加載-> 檢查
最核心的部分就是
OpenNativeLibrary
部分的代碼 也就是dlopen 打開so
檢查 部分 對so路徑找到的so檔案進行檢查
JNI_load
函數檢查
FindSymbol("JNI_OnLoad", nullptr);
如果不存在直接傳回成功
如果存在判斷傳回的version版本
bool JavaVMExt::IsBadJniVersion(int version) {
// We don't support JNI_VERSION_1_1. These are the only other valid versions.
return version != JNI_VERSION_1_2 && version != JNI_VERSION_1_4 && version != JNI_VERSION_1_6;
}
隻有這幾個版本是正确的版本
總結
這是第一部分的so加載連結部分 随後進入到linker部分開始解析elf檔案。