正确使用Block避免Cycle Retain和Crash

Block簡介

Block作為C語言的擴充，并不是高新技術，和其他語言的閉包或lambda表達式是一回事。需要注意的是由于Objective-C在iOS中不支援GC機制，使用Block必須自己管理記憶體，而記憶體管理正是使用Block坑最多的地方，錯誤的記憶體管理 要麼導緻return cycle記憶體洩漏要麼記憶體被提前釋放導緻crash。 Block的使用很像函數指針，不過與函數最大的不同是：Block可以通路函數以外、詞法作用域以内的外部變量的值。換句話說，Block不僅 實作函數的功能，還能攜帶函數的執行環境。

可以這樣了解，Block其實包含兩個部分内容

1. Block執行的代碼，這是在編譯的時候已經生成好的；
2. 一個包含

   Block執行時需要的所有外部變量值

   的資料結構。 Block将使用到的、作用域附近到的

   變量的值

   建立一份快照拷貝到棧上。

Block與函數另一個不同是，Block類似ObjC的對象，可以使用自動釋放池管理記憶體（但Block并不完全等同于ObjC對象，後面将詳細說明）。

Block基本文法

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">5</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">6</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">7</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">8</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">9</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">10</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">11</span>

// 聲明一個Block變量 long (^sum) (int, int) = nil; // sum是個Block變量，該Block類型有兩個int型參數，傳回類型是long。 // 定義Block并賦給變量sum sum = ^ long (int a, int b) { return a + b; }; // 調用Block： long s = sum(1, 2);

定義一個執行個體函數，該函數傳回Block：

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">5</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">6</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">7</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">8</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">9</span>

- (long (^)(int, int)) sumBlock { int base = 100; return [[ ^ long (int a, int b) { return base + a + b; } copy] autorelease]; } // 調用Block [self sumBlock](1,2);

是不是感覺很怪？為了看的舒服，我們把Block類型typedef一下

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">5</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">6</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">7</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">8</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">9</span>

typedef long (^BlkSum)(int, int); - (BlkSum) sumBlock { int base = 100; BlkSum blk = ^ long (int a, int b) { return base + a + b; } return [[blk copy] autorelease]; }

Block在記憶體中的位置

根據Block在記憶體中的位置分為三種類型NSGlobalBlock，NSStackBlock, NSMallocBlock。

• NSGlobalBlock：類似函數，位于text段；
• NSStackBlock：位于棧記憶體，函數傳回後Block将無效；
• NSMallocBlock：位于堆記憶體。

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">5</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">6</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">7</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">8</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">9</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">10</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">11</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">12</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">13</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">14</span>

BlkSum blk1 = ^ long (int a, int b) { return a + b; }; NSLog(@"blk1 = %@", blk1);// blk1 = <__NSGlobalBlock__: 0x47d0> int base = 100; BlkSum blk2 = ^ long (int a, int b) { return base + a + b; }; NSLog(@"blk2 = %@", blk2); // blk2 = <__NSStackBlock__: 0xbfffddf8> BlkSum blk3 = [[blk2 copy] autorelease]; NSLog(@"blk3 = %@", blk3); // blk3 = <__NSMallocBlock__: 0x902fda0>

為什麼blk1類型是NSGlobalBlock，而blk2類型是NSStackBlock？blk1和blk2的差別在于，blk1沒有使用Block以外的任何外部變量，Block不需要建立局部變量值的快照，這使blk1與函數沒有任何差別，從blk1所在記憶體位址0x47d0猜測編譯器把blk1放到了text代碼段。blk2與blk1唯一不同是的使用了局部變量base，在定義（注意是定義，不是運作）blk2時，局部變量base目前值被copy到棧上，作為

常量

供Block使用。執行下面代碼，結果是203，而不是204。

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">5</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">6</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">7</span>

int base = 100; base += 100; BlkSum sum = ^ long (int a, int b) { return base + a + b; }; base++; printf("%ld",sum(1,2));

在Block内變量base是隻讀的，如果想在Block内改變base的值，在定義base時要用 

__block

修飾：

__block int base = 100;

。

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">5</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">6</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">7</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">8</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">9</span>

__block int base = 100; base += 100; BlkSum sum = ^ long (int a, int b) { base += 10; return base + a + b; }; base++; printf("%ld\n",sum(1,2)); printf("%d\n",base);

輸出将是214,211。Block中使用

__block

修飾的變量時，将取變量此刻運作時的值，而不是定義時的快照。這個例子中，執行

sum(1,2)

時，base将取

base++

之後的值，也就是201，再執行Block

base+=10; base+a+b

，運作結果是214。執行完Block時，base已經變成211了。

Block的copy、retain、release操作

不同于NSObjec的copy、retain、release操作：

• Block_copy與copy等效，Block_release與release等效；
• 對Block不管是retain、copy、release都不會改變引用計數retainCount，retainCount始終是1；
• NSGlobalBlock：retain、copy、release操作都無效；
• NSStackBlock：retain、release操作無效，必須注意的是，NSStackBlock在函數傳回後，Block記憶體将被回收。即使retain也沒用。容易犯的錯誤是[

  [mutableAarry addObject:stackBlock]

  ，在函數出棧後，從mutableAarry中取到的stackBlock已經被回收，變成了野指針。正确的做法是先将stackBlock copy到堆上，然後加入數組：

  [mutableAarry addObject:[[stackBlock copy] autorelease]]

  。支援copy，copy之後生成新的NSMallocBlock類型對象。
• NSMallocBlock支援retain、release，雖然retainCount始終是1，但記憶體管理器中仍然會增加、減少計數。copy之後不會生成新的對象，隻是增加了一次引用，類似retain；
• 盡量不要對Block使用retain操作。

Block對不同類型的變量的存取

基本類型

• 局部自動變量，在Block中隻讀。Block定義時copy變量的值，在Block中作為常量使用，是以即使變量的值在Block外改變，也不影響他在Block中的值。

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">5</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">6</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">7</span>

int base = 100; BlkSum sum = ^ long (int a, int b) { // base++; 編譯錯誤，隻讀 return base + a + b; }; base = 0; printf("%ld\n",sum(1,2)); // 這裡輸出是103，而不是3

• static變量、全局變量。如果把上個例子的base改成全局的、或static。Block就可以對他進行讀寫了。因為全局變量或靜态變量在記憶體中的位址是固定的，Block在讀取該變量值的時候是直接從其所在記憶體讀出，擷取到的是最新值，而不是在定義時copy的常量。

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">5</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">6</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">7</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">8</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">9</span>

static int base = 100; BlkSum sum = ^ long (int a, int b) { base++; return base + a + b; }; base = 0; printf("%d\n", base); printf("%ld\n",sum(1,2)); // 這裡輸出是3，而不是103 printf("%d\n", base);

輸出結果是

0 4 1

，表明Block外部對base的更新會影響Block中的base的取值，同樣Block對base的更新也會影響Block外部的base值。

• Block變量，被

  __block

  修飾的變量稱作Block變量。 基本類型的Block變量等效于全局變量、或靜态變量。

Block被另一個Block使用時，另一個Block被copy到堆上時，被使用的Block也會被copy。但作為參數的Block是不會發生copy的。

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">5</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">6</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">7</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">8</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">9</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">10</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">11</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">12</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">13</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">14</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">15</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">16</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">17</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">18</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">19</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">20</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">21</span>

void foo() { int base = 100; BlkSum blk = ^ long (int a, int b) { return base + a + b; }; NSLog(@"%@", blk); // <__NSStackBlock__: 0xbfffdb40> bar(blk); } void bar(BlkSum sum_blk) { NSLog(@"%@",sum_blk); // 與上面一樣，說明作為參數傳遞時，并不會發生copy void (^blk) (BlkSum) = ^ (BlkSum sum) { NSLog(@"%@",sum); // 無論blk在堆上還是棧上，作為參數的Block不會發生copy。 NSLog(@"%@",sum_blk); // 當blk copy到堆上時，sum_blk也被copy了一分到堆上上。 }; blk(sum_blk); // blk在棧上 blk = [[blk copy] autorelease]; blk(sum_blk); // blk在堆上 }

ObjC對象，不同于基本類型，Block會引起對象的引用計數變化。

先看下面代碼

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">5</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">6</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">7</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">8</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">9</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">10</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">11</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">12</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">13</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">14</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">15</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">16</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">17</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">18</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">19</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">20</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">21</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">22</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">23</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">24</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">25</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">26</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">27</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">28</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">29</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">30</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">31</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">32</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">33</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">34</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">35</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">36</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">37</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">38</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">39</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">40</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">41</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">42</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">43</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">44</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">45</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">46</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">47</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">48</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">49</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">50</span>

@interface MyClass : NSObject { NSObject* _instanceObj; } @end @implementation MyClass NSObject* __globalObj = nil; - (id) init { if (self = [super init]) { _instanceObj = [[NSObject alloc] init]; } return self; } - (void) test { static NSObject* __staticObj = nil; __globalObj = [[NSObject alloc] init]; __staticObj = [[NSObject alloc] init]; NSObject* localObj = [[NSObject alloc] init]; __block NSObject* blockObj = [[NSObject alloc] init]; typedef void (^MyBlock)(void) ; MyBlock aBlock = ^{ NSLog(@"%@", __globalObj); NSLog(@"%@", __staticObj); NSLog(@"%@", _instanceObj); NSLog(@"%@", localObj); NSLog(@"%@", blockObj); }; aBlock = [[aBlock copy] autorelease]; aBlock(); NSLog(@"%d", [__globalObj retainCount]); NSLog(@"%d", [__staticObj retainCount]); NSLog(@"%d", [_instanceObj retainCount]); NSLog(@"%d", [localObj retainCount]); NSLog(@"%d", [blockObj retainCount]); } @end int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { @autoreleasepool { MyClass* obj = [[[MyClass alloc] init] autorelease]; [obj test]; return 0; } }

執行結果為

1 1 1 2 1

。

__globalObj

和

__staticObj

在記憶體中的位置是确定的，是以Block copy時不會retain對象。

_instanceObj

在Block copy時也沒有直接retain 

_instanceObj

對象本身，但會retain self。是以在Block中可以直接讀寫

_instanceObj

變量。

localObj

在Block copy時，系統自動retain對象，增加其引用計數。

blockObj

在Block copy時也不會retain。

非ObjC對象，如GCD隊列dispatch_queue_t。Block copy時并不會自動增加他的引用計數，這點要非常小心。

Block中使用的ObjC對象的行為

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">5</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">6</span>

@property (nonatomic, copy) void(^myBlock)(void); MyClass* obj = [[[MyClass alloc] init] autorelease]; self.myBlock = ^ { [obj doSomething]; };

對象obj在Block被copy到堆上的時候自動retain了一次。因為Block不知道obj什麼時候被釋放，為了不在Block使用obj前被釋放，Block retain了obj一次，在Block被釋放的時候，obj被release一次。

retain cycle

retain cycle問題的根源在于Block和obj可能會互相強引用，互相retain對方，這樣就導緻了retain cycle，最後這個Block和obj就變成了孤島，誰也釋放不了誰。比如：

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span>

ASIHTTPRequest *request = [ASIHTTPRequest requestWithURL:url]; [request setCompletionBlock:^{ NSString* string = [request responseString]; }];

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">5</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">6</span>

+-----------+ +-----------+ | request | | Block | ---> | | --------> | | | retain 2 | <-------- | retain 1 | | | | | +-----------+ +-----------+

解決這個問題的辦法是使用弱引用打斷retain cycle：

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span>

__block ASIHTTPRequest *request = [ASIHTTPRequest requestWithURL:url]; [request setCompletionBlock:^{ NSString* string = [request responseString]; }];

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">5</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">6</span>

+-----------+ +-----------+ | request | | Block | ---->| | --------> | | | retain 1 | < - - - - | retain 1 | | | weak | | +-----------+ +-----------+

request

被持有者釋放後。request 的retainCount變成0,request被dealloc，request釋放持有的Block，導緻Block的retainCount變成0，也被銷毀。這樣這兩個對象記憶體都被回收。

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">5</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">6</span>

+-----------+ +-----------+ | request | | Block | --X->| | ----X---> | | | retain 0 | < - - - - | retain 0 | | | weak | | +-----------+ +-----------+

與上面情況類似的陷阱：

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span>

self.myBlock = ^ { [self doSomething]; };

這裡self和myBlock循環引用，解決辦法同上：

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span>

__block MyClass* weakSelf = self; self.myBlock = ^ { [weakSelf doSomething]; };

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">5</span>

@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString* someVar; self.myBlock = ^ { NSLog(@"%@", _someVer); };

這裡在Block中雖然沒直接使用self，但使用了成員變量。在Block中使用成員變量，retain的不是這個變量，而會retain self。解決辦法也和上面一樣。

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">5</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">6</span>

@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString* someVar; __block MyClass* weakSelf = self; self.myBlock = ^ { NSLog(@"%@", self.someVer); };

或者

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span>

NSString* str = _someVer; self.myBlock = ^ { NSLog(@"%@", str); };

retain cycle不隻發生在兩個對象之間，也可能發生在多個對象之間，這樣問題更複雜，更難發現

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">5</span>

ClassA* objA = [[[ClassA alloc] init] autorelease]; objA.myBlock = ^{ [self doSomething]; }; self.objA = objA;

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">5</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">6</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">7</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">8</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">9</span>

+-----------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | self | | objA | | Block | | | --------> | | --------> | | | retain 1 | | retain 1 | | retain 1 | | | | | | | +-----------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ ^ | | | +------------------------------------------------+

解決辦法同樣是用

__block

打破循環引用

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">5</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">6</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">7</span>

ClassA* objA = [[[ClassA alloc] init] autorelease]; MyClass* weakSelf = self; objA.myBlock = ^{ [weakSelf doSomething]; }; self.objA = objA;

注意：MRC中

__block

是不會引起retain；但在ARC中

__block

則會引起retain。ARC中應該使用

__weak

或

__unsafe_unretained

弱引用。

__weak

隻能在iOS5以後使用。

Block使用對象被提前釋放

看下面例子，有這種情況，如果不隻是

request

持有了Block，另一個對象也持有了Block。

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">5</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">6</span>

+-----------+ +-----------+ | request | | Block | objA ---->| | --------> | |<-------- | retain 1 | < - - - - | retain 2 | | | weak | | +-----------+ +-----------+

這時如果request 被持有者釋放。

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">5</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">6</span>

+-----------+ +-----------+ | request | | Block | objA --X->| | --------> | |<-------- | retain 0 | < - - - - | retain 1 | | | weak | | +-----------+ +-----------+

這時request已被完全釋放，但Block仍被objA持有，沒有釋放，如果這時觸發了Block，在Block中将通路已經銷毀的request，這将導緻程式crash。為了避免這種情況，開發者必須要注意對象和Block的生命周期。

另一個常見錯誤使用是，開發者擔心retain cycle錯誤的使用

__block

。比如

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span>

__block kkProducView* weakSelf = self; dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ weakSelf.xx = xx; });

将Block作為參數傳給dispatch_async時，系統會将Block拷貝到堆上，如果Block中使用了執行個體變量，還将retain self，因為dispatch_async并不知道self會在什麼時候被釋放，為了確定系統排程執行Block中的任務時self沒有被意外釋放掉，dispatch_async必須自己retain一次self，任務完成後再release self。但這裡使用

__block

，使dispatch_async沒有增加self的引用計數，這使得在系統在排程執行Block之前，self可能已被銷毀，但系統并不知道這個情況，導緻Block被排程執行時self已經被釋放導緻crash。

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">1</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">2</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">3</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">4</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">5</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">6</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">7</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">8</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">9</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">10</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">11</span> <span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(88, 110, 117) !important;">12</span>

// MyClass.m - (void) test { __block MyClass* weakSelf = self; double delayInSeconds = 10.0; dispatch_time_t popTime = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(delayInSeconds * NSEC_PER_SEC)); dispatch_after(popTime, dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^(void){ NSLog(@"%@", weakSelf); }); // other.m MyClass* obj = [[[MyClass alloc] init] autorelease]; [obj test];

這裡用dispatch_after模拟了一個異步任務，10秒後執行Block。但執行Block的時候

MyClass* obj

已經被釋放了，導緻crash。解決辦法是不要使用

__block

。