nba迎来一场浩劫
新冠病毒肺炎席卷全球各地，就连美国篮球运动界也因此遭殃。2月初，nba著名篮球运动员科比·布莱恩特搭乘的直升飞机意外故障而坠毁在洛杉矶旁的山腰上，世界篮球运动界就此痛失一位传奇球星。本周时间，我们又得知凯文·杜兰特感染新冠病毒，同时其所在球队的另外３位球员通过病毒检测也呈现阳性。截至目前为止，nba联盟共有7例确诊病例，其中包括：犹他爵士队（2名球员：鲁迪·戈波特及多诺万·米切尔）、洛杉矶湖人队（未公开）、费城76人队（3名球队员工）、丹佛金块队（未公开）、波士顿凯尔特人队（2名球员）。
it’s not been a good time for basketball. last month the sport lost a legend after kobe bryant’s helicopter crashed into an la hillside. this week we learned that kevin durant has covids-19. he is not alone. three of his fellow brooklyn nets teammates have also tested positive. that brings the number of con_rmed cases of covid-19 among nba players to seven: utah jazz (2 players: rudy gobert and donovan mitchell), la lakers, philadelphia 76ers (3 people in the organization), denver nuggets, boston celtics (2 players).
nba共有450名球员，而当中确诊病例占比达1:65（1.54%），但目前联盟只有25%的球员接受了病毒检测，因此实际的球员感染病例有可能会更多，但相对于美国总人口而言（确诊病例占比1:78,000），nba球员确诊病例数量占比非常高。目前，nba联盟已经宣布暂停2019-2020赛季的所有赛事。
that’s one in 65 of the nba’s total of 450 players. only 25 percent of the nba players have been tested, so the proportion of players infected may go higher, but already the number of players infected represents a much higher proportion when compared to the u.s. population in general, where one in 78,000 are infected. the nba has cancelled the 2019-2020 season.
美国其余体育赛事亦难逃一劫
目前，美国曲棍球联盟已经有两名球员的病毒检测结果呈阳性，同时宣布暂停本赛季的所有赛事。美国职棒大联盟亦推迟春季训练及常规赛季的开赛时间。
so far, the national hockey league has two players who have tested positive for the virus, but it also has suspended its season. major league baseball has postponed spring training and the start of its regular season.
此外，美国职业足球大联盟的众多球员感染新冠病毒肺炎。《洛杉矶时报》一直跟踪球员感染情况，而截至目前已有17名球员的病毒检测结果呈阳性。
soccer also has many athletes infected with covid-19. the los angeles times is keeping a running total of infected players and at the time of this writing, lists 17 players as having tested positive.
病毒或源于接触传播
篮球和足球运动员受感染的比例高，原因可能就是经常接触的一样物品——皮球。新冠病毒肺炎通过人与人之间的直接接触以及人与物品（病毒依附于表面）接触而传播。
one explanation for the high proportion of infection among basketball and soccer players may be the one thing they all are in contact with—the ball. covid-19 is spread by direct contact (human to human) and also by human contact with surfaces that have the virus on them.
《新英格兰医学杂志》最近出版了的一篇关于不同材料测试的论文，显示出造成新冠病毒肺炎的病毒sars-cov-2对塑料具有亲和性，且能在塑料表面存活3天以上。这项测试针对于医院常用的物品材料（不锈钢、塑料品、铜制品及纸板类物品）作为研究对象。
recent testing of several dierent materials in a paper published in the new england journal of medicine revealed that sars-cov-2, the virus that causes covid-19, has an anity for plastics and is able to survive over three days on plastic surfaces. the test was focusing on materials commonly found in hospitals (stainless steel, plastic, copper and cardboard).
篮球的外层由橡胶或皮革或两者合成物组成。合成橡胶由石油化学物组成，也就是所谓的塑料品。足球的外层即合成皮革，由聚氨酯、聚氯乙烯组成。
basketballs have an outer covering of rubber or leather or a synthetic version of both. synthetic rubber is made from petrochemicals, as are plastics. synthetic leather, the outer covering of soccer balls, is made from polyurethane and polyvinyl chloride.
病毒sars-cov-2通过双手触摸物品表面进而传递至脸部，人们认为这是新冠病毒肺炎传播的一种普遍途径。双方球队的所有球员在比赛中使用同一个篮球，众多比赛裁判人员触碰同一个篮球，全队球员在训练中使用同一个篮球。球员和比赛裁判人员不仅是在分享球权，更是在相互传播病毒。
sars-cov-2 from hands touching surfaces and then introduced to the face is thought to be a common method of transmission of covid-19. the same basketball is used by all players of both teams in a game, is handled by officials, and is used by the entire team in practice. players and officials are not only sharing the ball; they are also sharing the virus.
除了触碰皮球，篮球运动员经常有用手擦鞋底的习惯。尤其是在高中球队，一些球员舔手后将唾液擦在鞋底，使得在室内篮球场的木地板上短暂提供额外的摩擦力。学校已经寻求解决办法以根除这种陋习。唾液擦鞋底的这种习惯在nba球员中十分罕见，他们会将黄色粘胶垫即防滑垫放在篮框架支柱下。nba球员德维恩·韦德推广使用酮基制成的防滑鞋胶，作为球员舔手擦鞋底的有效替代方式。
in addition to handling the ball, basketball players have a habit of wiping the bottoms of their shoes. some players, especially those on high school teams, lick their hands and wipe the spit on their shoes. the liquid briefly provides extra traction on the wood _oor of indoor basketball courts. schools have sought to wipe out the “disgusting habit (https://youtu.be/ng4ptnu1wny).” the application of spit to shoe soles is rare in nba players, who have made the yellow sticky pads called slip-notts a courtside mainstay. nba player duane wade promotes an acetone-based court grip, another alternative to athletes effectively licking their shoes.
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