nba迎來一場浩劫
新冠病毒肺炎席卷全球各地，就連美國籃球運動界也是以遭殃。2月初，nba著名籃球運動員科比·布萊恩特搭乘的直升飛機意外故障而墜毀在洛杉矶旁的山腰上，世界籃球運動界就此痛失一位傳奇球星。本周時間，我們又得知凱文·杜蘭特感染新冠病毒，同時其所在球隊的另外３位球員通過病毒檢測也呈現陽性。截至目前為止，nba聯盟共有7例确診病例，其中包括：猶他爵士隊（2名球員：魯迪·戈波特及多諾萬·米切爾）、洛杉矶湖人隊（未公開）、費城76人隊（3名球隊員工）、丹佛金塊隊（未公開）、波士頓凱爾特人隊（2名球員）。
it’s not been a good time for basketball. last month the sport lost a legend after kobe bryant’s helicopter crashed into an la hillside. this week we learned that kevin durant has covids-19. he is not alone. three of his fellow brooklyn nets teammates have also tested positive. that brings the number of con_rmed cases of covid-19 among nba players to seven: utah jazz (2 players: rudy gobert and donovan mitchell), la lakers, philadelphia 76ers (3 people in the organization), denver nuggets, boston celtics (2 players).
nba共有450名球員，而當中确診病例占比達1:65（1.54%），但目前聯盟隻有25%的球員接受了病毒檢測，是以實際的球員感染病例有可能會更多，但相對于美國總人口而言（确診病例占比1:78,000），nba球員确診病例數量占比非常高。目前，nba聯盟已經宣布暫停2019-2020賽季的所有賽事。
that’s one in 65 of the nba’s total of 450 players. only 25 percent of the nba players have been tested, so the proportion of players infected may go higher, but already the number of players infected represents a much higher proportion when compared to the u.s. population in general, where one in 78,000 are infected. the nba has cancelled the 2019-2020 season.
美國其餘體育賽事亦難逃一劫
目前，美國曲棍球聯盟已經有兩名球員的病毒檢測結果呈陽性，同時宣布暫停本賽季的所有賽事。美國職棒大聯盟亦推遲春季訓練及正常賽季的開賽時間。
so far, the national hockey league has two players who have tested positive for the virus, but it also has suspended its season. major league baseball has postponed spring training and the start of its regular season.
此外，美國職業足球大聯盟的衆多球員感染新冠病毒肺炎。《洛杉矶時報》一直跟蹤球員感染情況，而截至目前已有17名球員的病毒檢測結果呈陽性。
soccer also has many athletes infected with covid-19. the los angeles times is keeping a running total of infected players and at the time of this writing, lists 17 players as having tested positive.
病毒或源于接觸傳播
籃球和足球運動員受感染的比例高，原因可能就是經常接觸的一樣物品——皮球。新冠病毒肺炎通過人與人之間的直接接觸以及人與物品（病毒依附于表面）接觸而傳播。
one explanation for the high proportion of infection among basketball and soccer players may be the one thing they all are in contact with—the ball. covid-19 is spread by direct contact (human to human) and also by human contact with surfaces that have the virus on them.
《新英格蘭醫學雜志》最近出版了的一篇關于不同材料測試的論文，顯示出造成新冠病毒肺炎的病毒sars-cov-2對塑膠具有親和性，且能在塑膠表面存活3天以上。這項測試針對于醫院常用的物品材料（不鏽鋼、塑膠品、銅制品及紙闆類物品）作為研究對象。
recent testing of several dierent materials in a paper published in the new england journal of medicine revealed that sars-cov-2, the virus that causes covid-19, has an anity for plastics and is able to survive over three days on plastic surfaces. the test was focusing on materials commonly found in hospitals (stainless steel, plastic, copper and cardboard).
籃球的外層由橡膠或皮革或兩者合成物組成。合成橡膠由石油化學物組成，也就是所謂的塑膠品。足球的外層即合成皮革，由聚氨酯、聚氯乙烯組成。
basketballs have an outer covering of rubber or leather or a synthetic version of both. synthetic rubber is made from petrochemicals, as are plastics. synthetic leather, the outer covering of soccer balls, is made from polyurethane and polyvinyl chloride.
病毒sars-cov-2通過雙手觸摸物品表面進而傳遞至臉部，人們認為這是新冠病毒肺炎傳播的一種普遍途徑。雙方球隊的所有球員在比賽中使用同一個籃球，衆多比賽裁判人員觸碰同一個籃球，全隊球員在訓練中使用同一個籃球。球員和比賽裁判人員不僅是在分享球權，更是在互相傳播病毒。
sars-cov-2 from hands touching surfaces and then introduced to the face is thought to be a common method of transmission of covid-19. the same basketball is used by all players of both teams in a game, is handled by officials, and is used by the entire team in practice. players and officials are not only sharing the ball; they are also sharing the virus.
除了觸碰皮球，籃球運動員經常有用手擦鞋底的習慣。尤其是在高中球隊，一些球員舔手後将唾液擦在鞋底，使得在室内籃球場的木地闆上短暫提供額外的摩擦力。學校已經尋求解決辦法以根除這種陋習。唾液擦鞋底的這種習慣在nba球員中十分罕見，他們會将黃色粘膠墊即防滑墊放在籃架構支柱下。nba球員德維恩·韋德推廣使用酮基制成的防滑鞋膠，作為球員舔手擦鞋底的有效替代方式。
in addition to handling the ball, basketball players have a habit of wiping the bottoms of their shoes. some players, especially those on high school teams, lick their hands and wipe the spit on their shoes. the liquid briefly provides extra traction on the wood _oor of indoor basketball courts. schools have sought to wipe out the “disgusting habit (https://youtu.be/ng4ptnu1wny).” the application of spit to shoe soles is rare in nba players, who have made the yellow sticky pads called slip-notts a courtside mainstay. nba player duane wade promotes an acetone-based court grip, another alternative to athletes effectively licking their shoes.
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