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今天小编为大家带来《政府介入情境下农业供应链金融演化博弈分析》一文。
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Today, the editor brings the "Game Analysis of Agricultural Supply Chain Finance Evolution under Government Involvement Scenario".
Welcome to visit！
1 内容摘要（Content summary）
今天小编将从“思维导图、精读内容、知识补充”三个板块，解读分享《政府介入情境下农业供应链金融演化博弈分析》一文的第六章优化路径和第七章结论及建议。
Today, I will be from the “mind map, reading content, knowledge supplement” three plates, interpretation and sharing of the “government intervention in the context of agricultural supply chain finance evolution game analysis” of the article in the sixth chapter of the optimization path and the seventh chapter of the conclusions and recommendations.
2 思维导图（Mind mapping）
3 精读内容（Intensive reading content）
3.1 A 农产品供应链金融优化路径
3.1 A Path to optimize supply chain finance for agricultural products
1.基于政府层面(Based on governmental level)
一是以政府转型促进信贷对象转型。加速基层政府由传统管理型转向现代服务型，加大财政支农补贴力度，取消农业税，全面培育以农业龙头企业、专业大户、家庭农场为骨干的新型农业经营主体。推进小农生产与规模农业合作。
First, the transformation of the government has been used to promote the transformation of credit recipients. It has accelerated the transformation of grass-roots governments from traditional management to modern service-oriented, increased financial support for agricultural subsidies, abolished the agricultural tax, and comprehensively fostered new types of agricultural management bodies backed by leading agricultural enterprises, large professional households and family farms. Promote cooperation between smallholder production and large-scale agriculture.
二是以产业发展强化信贷经济基础。基层 政府应当从创造经济发展境、打造基础设施（重点加强农村物流基础设施和 信息化建设）等方面，做好产业发展保障工作，给予更多政策担保、补贴、优 惠等，吸引社会资本参与 PPP 项目，满足农业生产各环节资金需求。
Second, industrial development should be used to strengthen the economic foundation of credit. The grassroots government should do a good job of guaranteeing industrial development in terms of creating an environment for economic development, building infrastructure (with a focus on strengthening rural logistics infrastructure and informationization), and giving more policy guarantees, subsidies and concessions to attract social capital to participate in PPP projects, so as to satisfy the financial needs of all aspects of agricultural production.
2.基于龙头企业（Based on leading companies）
一是延长产业链，提升带动能力。二是树立品牌战略，申报和推介品牌标志。
First, extend the industrial chain and enhance the driving ability. The second is to establish a brand strategy, declare and promote the brand mark.
3.基于农户层面（Based on farmer level）
一是有长期稳定务农意愿且懂种植技术的普通农户可适度扩大经营规模，经过土地转入发展成为专业大户，与龙头企业建立长效的利益联结机制，以龙头企业带动其提升生产经营水平，引进新设备，推动数字化管理和智能化升级。二是提升自身发展实力以及对龙头企业技术外溢的吸收能力，立足当地民族、气候和区域等文化特点，做足做全特色优势产业文章。
Firstly, ordinary farmers who have the will to engage in long-term and stable farming and know planting techniques can moderately expand their scale of operation, develop into large professional households through land transfer, establish a long-term benefit linkage mechanism with leading enterprises, and improve their production and operation level by leading enterprises, introduce new equipment, and promote digital management and intelligent upgrading. Secondly, it is to improve its own development strength and the absorption capacity of the technology spillover of the leading enterprises, based on the cultural characteristics of the local ethnicity, climate and region, so as to do the whole article of characteristic advantageous industries.
4.基于银行等金融机构（Based on financial institutions such as banks）
一是发挥银行业间接融资主渠道作用。鼓励银行机构下沉；设定合理的农业贷款比例，保证银行面向农村发行的贷款与银行总体业务贷款之比不低于银行吸引的农村存款与银行总体存款之比，确保农业资金流通处于良性循环中；鼓励银行为订单农业融资贷款设计一个“照顾”利率，利差由政府财政贴息加以弥补，或计为银行的存款保险金，保险公司对银行存款展开低费担保；三是创新金融机构业务模式，设计出更加满足订单农业供应链的金融产品，更好地服务农业建设。
First, the role of the banking sector as the main channel for indirect financing should be brought into play. Encourage the sinking of banking institutions; set a reasonable ratio of agricultural loans to ensure that the ratio of loans issued by banks for rural areas to the overall business loans of banks is not lower than the ratio of rural deposits attracted by banks to the overall deposits of banks, so as to ensure that the circulation of agricultural funds is in a virtuous circle; encourage banks to design a “care” interest rate for loans for order-based agricultural financing; the interest difference will be compensated by government financial subsidies, or will be counted as deposit insurance premiums for banks, and insurance companies will provide low-cost guarantees for bank deposits. Encourage banks to design a “care” interest rate for loans to finance contract farming, with the spread being compensated for by government financial subsidies, or by counting it as deposit insurance for banks, with insurance companies guaranteeing bank deposits at a low cost; and thirdly, innovate the business model of financial institutions to design financial products that better meet the supply chain of contract farming, and to better serve the construction of agriculture.
二是发挥保险机构对金融信贷的风险弱化作用。引入投融资产品的保险保障机制，构建“保险+信贷”、“保险+投资”的投融资新模式，有效解决订单农业供应链主体供需错配、违约带来的融资困境。
Secondly, it is to give full play to the role of insurance institutions in weakening the risks of finance and credit. Introducing the insurance protection mechanism of investment and financing products, constructing a new mode of investment and financing of “insurance + credit” and “insurance + investment”, and effectively solving the financing difficulties brought about by the supply and demand mismatch and default of the main body of the supply chain of the order agriculture.
3.2 结论及建议
3.2 Conclusions and recommendations
1.主要结论（Main findings）
结论一：通过分析 A 农产品订单农业供应链金融现状，列明 A 农产品金融合作各参与主体的问题以及现存的供应链融资流程，有助于将供应链金融合作的“问题区”向供应链金融合作的“试验区”转型。
Conclusion 1: By analyzing the current situation of supply chain finance for agricultural products under order, and setting out the problems of each participant in the financial cooperation of agricultural products, as well as the existing supply chain financing process, we can help to transform the “problematic area” of supply chain financial cooperation to the “pilot area” of supply chain financial cooperation, which is the most important part of the supply chain financial cooperation in China. The transition from a “problem area” to a “test area” of supply chain finance cooperation is facilitated.
结论二：政府干预显著增强了订单农业供应链金融的稳定性。借助供应链融资理论和演化博弈理论，设置 A 、 B 两个情境，对比政府介入前后订单农业供应链金融各参与主体的策略演化趋势，发现政府凭借信任加持和财政补贴，显著加强了各参与主体间的利益协调，提高了订单农业供应链的内外部融资增信。
Conclusion 2: Government intervention significantly enhances the stability of order agriculture supply chain finance. With the help of supply chain financing theory and evolutionary game theory, we set up two scenarios, A and B, to compare the strategy evolution trend of each participant before and after the government intervention in the supply chain finance of order agriculture, and found that the government, with the help of trust support and financial subsidies, significantly strengthened the coordination of the interests of each participant, and improved the internal and external financing of the supply chain of order agriculture to enhance the credit.
结论三：从政府、龙头企业、农户和金融机构角度提出 A农产品订单农业供应链金融的优化路径。
Conclusion 3: The optimization path of supply chain finance for A agricultural products order agriculture is proposed from the perspectives of government, leading enterprises, farmers and financial institutions.
2.研究创新点（Research Innovation Points）
研究视角创新：从驱动机制、情境模拟的微观层面论证得出“政府介入推动订单农业供应链金融合作实现帕累托最优”。
Research perspective innovation: from the driving mechanism, the micro-level argumentation of the situation simulation, it is concluded that “the government intervention promotes the order agriculture supply chain financial cooperation to realize the Pareto optimization”.
研究方法创新：该文章以演化博弈论和制度经济学的视角，对订单农业供应链金融利益相关者的利益取向和政府作为主导者干预配置资源绩效问题进行研究。同时借助理论与案例分析相结合的方法，从宏观政策、中观区域和微观机理三个维度，搭建了研究订单农业供应链金融合作关系的框架及模型，对比分析了政府策略扰动下的订单农业供应链金融合作关系演化过程与机制运行效果，便于更好地探索订单农业供应链金融的优化路径。
Research method innovation: the article takes the perspective of evolutionary game theory and institutional economics to study the interest orientation of the stakeholders of order agriculture supply chain finance and the performance of the government as a dominant intervention in allocating resources. At the same time, with the help of a combination of theory and case study, the article builds a framework and model for studying the cooperative relationship of order agriculture supply chain finance from three dimensions of macro policy, meso-region and micro-mechanism, and compares and analyzes the evolution process of the cooperative relationship of order agriculture supply chain finance under the perturbation of the government's strategy and the operation effect of the mechanism, which facilitates a better exploration of the optimization path of the order agriculture supply chain finance.
3.研究不足与展望（Research Shortcomings and Prospects）
一是本文选取了 A 农产品订单农业供应链金融作为研究对象，带有一定的地域特殊性，研究结果因此也带有一定局限性，能否普遍推广还有待进一步商榷。为进一步提高学术研究价值，应将研究对象推广至多元对象。
First, this paper selected A agricultural products order agricultural supply chain finance as the research object, with certain geographical specificity, the results of the study is also with certain limitations, whether it can be generalized is still open to further discussion. In order to further improve the value of academic research, the research object should be extended to multiple objects.
二是本文设置两个情境展开模拟，对比分析政府介入前后博弈模型的参数变化，得出政府补贴对订单农业供应链金融合作层级优化的作用，但尚未求出最佳参数值（即最佳政府财政贴息、最佳质押率、最佳风险补偿、最佳流转奖补等）。
Secondly, this paper sets up two scenarios to carry out simulation, compares and analyzes the parameter changes of the game model before and after the government intervention, and concludes that the government subsidy plays a role in the optimization of the order-based agricultural supply chain financial cooperation hierarchy, but it has not yet found out the optimal parameter values (i.e., the optimal government financial subsidy, the optimal pledge rate, the optimal risk compensation, the optimal flow of subsidies, etc.).
4 知识补充（Knowledge supplement）
农业金融有哪几种形式？（What are the forms of agricultural finance? ）
1.农业信贷（Agricultural credit）
农业贷款：针对农民和农业企业提供的资金，用于购买种子、化肥、农药、农具等农业生产必需品，或者用于农田的改善和建设。
Agricultural loans: Funds provided to farmers and agribusinesses for the purchase of agricultural production necessities, such as seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and agricultural tools, or for the improvement and construction of farmland.
农业保证贷款：政府或金融机构为农民提供的具有担保性质的贷款，降低农民的融资风险，促进农业生产发展。
Agricultural Guaranteed Loans: Loans of a guaranteed nature provided by the government or financial institutions to farmers to reduce their financing risks and promote agricultural production.
2.农业保险（agricultural insurance）
农业收入保险：保障农民在自然灾害、市场波动等因素影响下的收入稳定。
Agricultural income insurance: protects the stability of farmers' incomes in the face of natural disasters, market fluctuations and other factors.
农业生产保险：保障农作物、牲畜等生产资产免受灾害、疾病或意外损失。
Agricultural production insurance: protects productive assets such as crops and livestock against disaster, disease or accidental loss.
3.农业投资（Agricultural investment）
农业项目投资：吸引资金投入到农业基础设施、设备和技术改进等方面，提升农业生产效率和质量。
Investment in agricultural projects: Attracting funds for agricultural infrastructure, equipment and technological improvements to enhance the efficiency and quality of agricultural production.
农业企业投资：资助农业相关企业，推动农产品加工、农业科技研发等领域的发展。
Agribusiness investment: to finance agriculture-related businesses and promote the development of agricultural product processing, agricultural science and technology research and development, and other areas.
4.农业衍生品（Agricultural derivatives）
农产品期货：提供农产品价格保护和风险管理的金融工具，帮助农民和农业企业规避市场波动的风险。
Agricultural futures: Financial instruments that provide price protection and risk management for agricultural products, helping farmers and agribusinesses to hedge against the risks of market volatility.
5.农村金融服务（Rural financial services）
农村信用合作社：为农村居民提供储蓄、贷款、支付等金融服务。
Rural credit cooperatives: provide savings, loans, payments and other financial services to rural residents.
农村金融市场发展：通过发展农村金融市场，促进金融资源向农村地区的有效配置和流动。
Rural financial market development: Promote the effective allocation and flow of financial resources to rural areas through the development of rural financial markets.
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参考资料：ChatGPT
参考文献：
王静静. 政府介入情境下农业供应链金融演化博弈分析 [D]. 云南: 云南师范大学, 2022.
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