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今天小編為大家帶來《政府介入情境下農業供應鍊金融演化博弈分析》一文。
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Today, the editor brings the "Game Analysis of Agricultural Supply Chain Finance Evolution under Government Involvement Scenario".
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1 内容摘要（Content summary）
今天小編将從“思維導圖、精讀内容、知識補充”三個闆塊，解讀分享《政府介入情境下農業供應鍊金融演化博弈分析》一文的第六章優化路徑和第七章結論及建議。
Today, I will be from the “mind map, reading content, knowledge supplement” three plates, interpretation and sharing of the “government intervention in the context of agricultural supply chain finance evolution game analysis” of the article in the sixth chapter of the optimization path and the seventh chapter of the conclusions and recommendations.
2 思維導圖（Mind mapping）
3 精讀内容（Intensive reading content）
3.1 A 農産品供應鍊金融優化路徑
3.1 A Path to optimize supply chain finance for agricultural products
1.基于政府層面(Based on governmental level)
一是以政府轉型促進信貸對象轉型。加速基層政府由傳統管理型轉向現代服務型，加大财政支農補貼力度，取消農業稅，全面培育以農業龍頭企業、專業大戶、家庭農場為骨幹的新型農業經營主體。推進小農生産與規模農業合作。
First, the transformation of the government has been used to promote the transformation of credit recipients. It has accelerated the transformation of grass-roots governments from traditional management to modern service-oriented, increased financial support for agricultural subsidies, abolished the agricultural tax, and comprehensively fostered new types of agricultural management bodies backed by leading agricultural enterprises, large professional households and family farms. Promote cooperation between smallholder production and large-scale agriculture.
二是以産業發展強化信貸經濟基礎。基層 政府應當從創造經濟發展境、打造基礎設施（重點加強農村物流基礎設施和 資訊化建設）等方面，做好産業發展保障工作，給予更多政策擔保、補貼、優 惠等，吸引社會資本參與 PPP 項目，滿足農業生産各環節資金需求。
Second, industrial development should be used to strengthen the economic foundation of credit. The grassroots government should do a good job of guaranteeing industrial development in terms of creating an environment for economic development, building infrastructure (with a focus on strengthening rural logistics infrastructure and informationization), and giving more policy guarantees, subsidies and concessions to attract social capital to participate in PPP projects, so as to satisfy the financial needs of all aspects of agricultural production.
2.基于龍頭企業（Based on leading companies）
一是延長産業鍊，提升帶動能力。二是樹立品牌戰略，申報和推介品牌标志。
First, extend the industrial chain and enhance the driving ability. The second is to establish a brand strategy, declare and promote the brand mark.
3.基于農戶層面（Based on farmer level）
一是有長期穩定務農意願且懂種植技術的普通農戶可适度擴大經營規模，經過土地轉入發展成為專業大戶，與龍頭企業建立長效的利益聯結機制，以龍頭企業帶動其提升生産經營水準，引進新裝置，推動數字化管理和智能化更新。二是提升自身發展實力以及對龍頭企業技術外溢的吸收能力，立足當地民族、氣候和區域等文化特點，做足做全特色優勢産業文章。
Firstly, ordinary farmers who have the will to engage in long-term and stable farming and know planting techniques can moderately expand their scale of operation, develop into large professional households through land transfer, establish a long-term benefit linkage mechanism with leading enterprises, and improve their production and operation level by leading enterprises, introduce new equipment, and promote digital management and intelligent upgrading. Secondly, it is to improve its own development strength and the absorption capacity of the technology spillover of the leading enterprises, based on the cultural characteristics of the local ethnicity, climate and region, so as to do the whole article of characteristic advantageous industries.
4.基于銀行等金融機構（Based on financial institutions such as banks）
一是發揮銀行業間接融資主管道作用。鼓勵銀行機構下沉；設定合理的農業貸款比例，保證銀行面向農村發行的貸款與銀行總體業務貸款之比不低于銀行吸引的農村存款與銀行總體存款之比，確定農業資金流通處于良性循環中；鼓勵銀行為訂單農業融資貸款設計一個“照顧”利率，利差由政府财政貼息加以彌補，或計為銀行的存款保險金，保險公司對銀行存款展開低費擔保；三是創新金融機構業務模式，設計出更加滿足訂單農業供應鍊的金融産品，更好地服務農業建設。
First, the role of the banking sector as the main channel for indirect financing should be brought into play. Encourage the sinking of banking institutions; set a reasonable ratio of agricultural loans to ensure that the ratio of loans issued by banks for rural areas to the overall business loans of banks is not lower than the ratio of rural deposits attracted by banks to the overall deposits of banks, so as to ensure that the circulation of agricultural funds is in a virtuous circle; encourage banks to design a “care” interest rate for loans for order-based agricultural financing; the interest difference will be compensated by government financial subsidies, or will be counted as deposit insurance premiums for banks, and insurance companies will provide low-cost guarantees for bank deposits. Encourage banks to design a “care” interest rate for loans to finance contract farming, with the spread being compensated for by government financial subsidies, or by counting it as deposit insurance for banks, with insurance companies guaranteeing bank deposits at a low cost; and thirdly, innovate the business model of financial institutions to design financial products that better meet the supply chain of contract farming, and to better serve the construction of agriculture.
二是發揮保險機構對金融信貸的風險弱化作用。引入投融資産品的保險保障機制，建構“保險+信貸”、“保險+投資”的投融資新模式，有效解決訂單農業供應鍊主體供需錯配、違約帶來的融資困境。
Secondly, it is to give full play to the role of insurance institutions in weakening the risks of finance and credit. Introducing the insurance protection mechanism of investment and financing products, constructing a new mode of investment and financing of “insurance + credit” and “insurance + investment”, and effectively solving the financing difficulties brought about by the supply and demand mismatch and default of the main body of the supply chain of the order agriculture.
3.2 結論及建議
3.2 Conclusions and recommendations
1.主要結論（Main findings）
結論一：通過分析 A 農産品訂單農業供應鍊金融現狀，列明 A 農産品金融合作各參與主體的問題以及現存的供應鍊融資流程，有助于将供應鍊金融合作的“問題區”向供應鍊金融合作的“試驗區”轉型。
Conclusion 1: By analyzing the current situation of supply chain finance for agricultural products under order, and setting out the problems of each participant in the financial cooperation of agricultural products, as well as the existing supply chain financing process, we can help to transform the “problematic area” of supply chain financial cooperation to the “pilot area” of supply chain financial cooperation, which is the most important part of the supply chain financial cooperation in China. The transition from a “problem area” to a “test area” of supply chain finance cooperation is facilitated.
結論二：政府幹預顯著增強了訂單農業供應鍊金融的穩定性。借助供應鍊融資理論和演化博弈理論，設定 A 、 B 兩個情境，對比政府介入前後訂單農業供應鍊金融各參與主體的政策演化趨勢，發現政府憑借信任加持和财政補貼，顯著加強了各參與主體間的利益協調，提高了訂單農業供應鍊的内外部融資增信。
Conclusion 2: Government intervention significantly enhances the stability of order agriculture supply chain finance. With the help of supply chain financing theory and evolutionary game theory, we set up two scenarios, A and B, to compare the strategy evolution trend of each participant before and after the government intervention in the supply chain finance of order agriculture, and found that the government, with the help of trust support and financial subsidies, significantly strengthened the coordination of the interests of each participant, and improved the internal and external financing of the supply chain of order agriculture to enhance the credit.
結論三：從政府、龍頭企業、農戶和金融機構角度提出 A農産品訂單農業供應鍊金融的優化路徑。
Conclusion 3: The optimization path of supply chain finance for A agricultural products order agriculture is proposed from the perspectives of government, leading enterprises, farmers and financial institutions.
2.研究創新點（Research Innovation Points）
研究視角創新：從驅動機制、情境模拟的微觀層面論證得出“政府介入推動訂單農業供應鍊金融合作實作帕累托最優”。
Research perspective innovation: from the driving mechanism, the micro-level argumentation of the situation simulation, it is concluded that “the government intervention promotes the order agriculture supply chain financial cooperation to realize the Pareto optimization”.
研究方法創新：該文章以演化博弈論和制度經濟學的視角，對訂單農業供應鍊金融利益相關者的利益取向和政府作為主導者幹預配置資源績效問題進行研究。同時借助理論與案例分析相結合的方法，從宏觀政策、中觀區域和微觀機理三個次元，搭建了研究訂單農業供應鍊金融合作關系的架構及模型，對比分析了政府政策擾動下的訂單農業供應鍊金融合作關系演化過程與機制運作效果，便于更好地探索訂單農業供應鍊金融的優化路徑。
Research method innovation: the article takes the perspective of evolutionary game theory and institutional economics to study the interest orientation of the stakeholders of order agriculture supply chain finance and the performance of the government as a dominant intervention in allocating resources. At the same time, with the help of a combination of theory and case study, the article builds a framework and model for studying the cooperative relationship of order agriculture supply chain finance from three dimensions of macro policy, meso-region and micro-mechanism, and compares and analyzes the evolution process of the cooperative relationship of order agriculture supply chain finance under the perturbation of the government's strategy and the operation effect of the mechanism, which facilitates a better exploration of the optimization path of the order agriculture supply chain finance.
3.研究不足與展望（Research Shortcomings and Prospects）
一是本文選取了 A 農産品訂單農業供應鍊金融作為研究對象，帶有一定的地域特殊性，研究結果是以也帶有一定局限性，能否普遍推廣還有待進一步商榷。為進一步提高學術研究價值，應将研究對象推廣至多元對象。
First, this paper selected A agricultural products order agricultural supply chain finance as the research object, with certain geographical specificity, the results of the study is also with certain limitations, whether it can be generalized is still open to further discussion. In order to further improve the value of academic research, the research object should be extended to multiple objects.
二是本文設定兩個情境展開模拟，對比分析政府介入前後博弈模型的參數變化，得出政府補貼對訂單農業供應鍊金融合作層級優化的作用，但尚未求出最佳參數值（即最佳政府财政貼息、最佳質押率、最佳風險補償、最佳流轉獎補等）。
Secondly, this paper sets up two scenarios to carry out simulation, compares and analyzes the parameter changes of the game model before and after the government intervention, and concludes that the government subsidy plays a role in the optimization of the order-based agricultural supply chain financial cooperation hierarchy, but it has not yet found out the optimal parameter values (i.e., the optimal government financial subsidy, the optimal pledge rate, the optimal risk compensation, the optimal flow of subsidies, etc.).
4 知識補充（Knowledge supplement）
農業金融有哪幾種形式？（What are the forms of agricultural finance? ）
1.農業信貸（Agricultural credit）
農業貸款：針對農民和農業企業提供的資金，用于購買種子、化肥、農藥、農具等農業生産必需品，或者用于農田的改善和建設。
Agricultural loans: Funds provided to farmers and agribusinesses for the purchase of agricultural production necessities, such as seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and agricultural tools, or for the improvement and construction of farmland.
農業保證貸款：政府或金融機構為農民提供的具有擔保性質的貸款，降低農民的融資風險，促進農業生産發展。
Agricultural Guaranteed Loans: Loans of a guaranteed nature provided by the government or financial institutions to farmers to reduce their financing risks and promote agricultural production.
2.農業保險（agricultural insurance）
農業收入保險：保障農民在自然災害、市場波動等因素影響下的收入穩定。
Agricultural income insurance: protects the stability of farmers' incomes in the face of natural disasters, market fluctuations and other factors.
農業生産保險：保障農作物、牲畜等生産資産免受災害、疾病或意外損失。
Agricultural production insurance: protects productive assets such as crops and livestock against disaster, disease or accidental loss.
3.農業投資（Agricultural investment）
農業項目投資：吸引資金投入到農業基礎設施、裝置和技術改進等方面，提升農業生産效率和品質。
Investment in agricultural projects: Attracting funds for agricultural infrastructure, equipment and technological improvements to enhance the efficiency and quality of agricultural production.
農業企業投資：資助農業相關企業，推動農産品加工、農業科技研發等領域的發展。
Agribusiness investment: to finance agriculture-related businesses and promote the development of agricultural product processing, agricultural science and technology research and development, and other areas.
4.農業衍生品（Agricultural derivatives）
農産品期貨：提供農産品價格保護和風險管理的金融工具，幫助農民和農業企業規避市場波動的風險。
Agricultural futures: Financial instruments that provide price protection and risk management for agricultural products, helping farmers and agribusinesses to hedge against the risks of market volatility.
5.農村金融服務（Rural financial services）
農村信用合作社：為農村居民提供儲蓄、貸款、支付等金融服務。
Rural credit cooperatives: provide savings, loans, payments and other financial services to rural residents.
農村金融市場發展：通過發展農村金融市場，促進金融資源向農村地區的有效配置和流動。
Rural financial market development: Promote the effective allocation and flow of financial resources to rural areas through the development of rural financial markets.
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參考資料：ChatGPT
參考文獻：
王靜靜. 政府介入情境下農業供應鍊金融演化博弈分析 [D]. 雲南: 雲南師範大學, 2022.
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