铊中毒

铊中毒主要是由于机体摄入了含有铊化合物的物质，从而引起的中毒反应。铊对哺乳动物的毒性高于铅、汞等金属元素，与砷相当，其对成人的最小致死剂量为12mg/kg体重，对儿童为8.8～15mg/kg体重。

铊中毒一般分为急性和慢性，急性铊中毒一般在误服铊及铊盐时发生，而慢性铊中毒是由于铊富集在动植物体内，通过食物链进入人体，或是由于职业原因使铊进入人体，而导致中毒。急性和慢性铊中毒的症状类似，主要表现为胃肠道反应和肢端异常，如腹痛、腹泻、恶心、呕吐、四肢麻木、肢体疼痛、肌无力，严重者会出现脱发、昏迷、失明，甚至导致死亡。

据相关数据表明，暴露于含铊粉尘中两个小时，就可能会导致急性铊中毒。还有就是矿山开采等等原因，就会造成土壤和饮用水污染，从而就很容易导致当地居民通过饮食摄入含铊化合物，出现急性或慢性铊中毒。

在发生铊中毒时，要及时进行抢救，治疗原则，一般为脱离接触、阻断吸收、加速排泄。随后用普鲁士蓝、硫代硫酸钠进行解毒，这些解毒剂能够与铊发生反应，生成不溶性物质，将铊排出体外。症状严重、情况紧急的患者，可选择使用血液灌流，清理血液中的铊，但要注意患者的凝血状况。

请注意，如果发生铊中毒情况严重请立即拨打急救电话。日常生活中应做好防护措施，避免接触含铊的灭虫剂，放置时要设置醒目标记并妥善保管，避免误服。

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