铊中毒

铊中毒主要是由于機體攝入了含有铊化合物的物質，進而引起的中毒反應。铊對哺乳動物的毒性高于鉛、汞等金屬元素，與砷相當，其對成人的最小緻死劑量為12mg/kg體重，對兒童為8.8～15mg/kg體重。

铊中毒一般分為急性和慢性，急性铊中毒一般在誤服铊及铊鹽時發生，而慢性铊中毒是由于铊富集在動植物體内，通過食物鍊進入人體，或是由于職業原因使铊進入人體，而導緻中毒。急性和慢性铊中毒的症狀類似，主要表現為胃腸道反應和肢端異常，如腹痛、腹瀉、惡心、嘔吐、四肢麻木、肢體疼痛、肌無力，嚴重者會出現脫發、昏迷、失明，甚至導緻死亡。

據相關資料表明，暴露于含铊粉塵中兩個小時，就可能會導緻急性铊中毒。還有就是礦山開采等等原因，就會造成土壤和飲用水污染，進而就很容易導緻當地居民通過飲食攝入含铊化合物，出現急性或慢性铊中毒。

在發生铊中毒時，要及時進行搶救，治療原則，一般為脫離接觸、阻斷吸收、加速排洩。随後用普魯士藍、硫代硫酸鈉進行解毒，這些解毒劑能夠與铊發生反應，生成不溶性物質，将铊排出體外。症狀嚴重、情況緊急的患者，可選擇使用血液灌流，清理血液中的铊，但要注意患者的凝血狀況。

請注意，如果發生铊中毒情況嚴重請立即撥打急救電話。日常生活中應做好防護措施，避免接觸含铊的滅蟲劑，放置時要設定醒目标記并妥善保管，避免誤服。

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