@PropertySource 加载指定配置文件
application.properties或application.yml是SpringBoot的默认配置文件,会被自动加载。假如我们现在有一个src/main/resources/person.properties:
person.lastName=Jhon
person.age=18
person.boss=false
person.birth=2020/03/21
person.maps.k1=v1
person.maps.k2=v2
person.lists=Tom,Sam
person.dog.name=small dog
person.dog.age=2
首先这个自定义的配置文件不会被SpringBoot加载,那么我们就无法与我们的配置类Person.java做映射,所以我们可以在配置类上加下@PropertySource注解来实现加载:
package com.wong.bean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 将配置文件中配置的每一个属性值,映射到这个组件中
* @ConfigurationProperties:告诉SpringBoot将本类中的所有属性和配置文件中相关的配置进行绑定
* prefix = "person":配置文件中哪个下面的所有属性值进行一一映射
* 注意:只有这个组件是容器的组件,才能使用容器提供的ConfigurationProperties功能
* @PropertySource加载指定的配置文件
*/
@Configuration
@PropertySource("classpath:person.properties")
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
public class Person{
private String lastName;
private int age;
private boolean boss;
private Date birth;
private Map<String,Object> maps;
private List<Object> lists;
private Dog dog;
// omit setter getter
}
@ImportResource专门用来加载Spring的配置文件
1、定义组件HelloService
package com.wong.service;
public class HelloService {
}
2、创建Spring配置文件src/main/resources/beans.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="helloService" class="com.wong.service.HelloService"/>
</beans>
id的值就是组件在加入Spring容器后的唯一标识。
3、在配置类(有@Configuration注解的类)上加入此注解,以便在启动时,可以被加载,为了方便,现将其放到启动类上
package com.wong;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;
@ImportResource(locations = {"classpath:beans.xml"})
@SpringBootApplication
public class MainApplication{
public static void main(String[] args){
SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class,args);
}
}
4、运行测试类src/test/java/com/wong/SpringBootConfigTests.java
package com.wong;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringBootConfigTests {
@Autowired
private ApplicationContext ioc;
@Test
public void testBeans(){
boolean b = ioc.containsBean("helloService");
System.out.println(b);// true
}
}
@Bean给容器中添加组件
SpringBoot推荐使用全注解的方式给容器中添加组件:
- 配置类即Spring配置文件
-
使用@Bean给容器中添加组件
所以可以将上面使用@ImportResource加载Spring配置文件的方式换成以下的方式来实现:
package com.wong.config;
import com.wong.service.HelloService;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class AppConfig {
@Bean
public HelloService myHelloService(){
return new HelloService();
}
}
package com.wong;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringBootConfigTests {
@Autowired
private ApplicationContext ioc;
@Test
public void testMyHelloService(){
boolean b = ioc.containsBean("myHelloService");
System.out.println(b); // true
}
}